vol. 29, no. 02

In vitro studies of antistress and antiallergic effects of semecarpus anacardium fruit in asthma

2012-12-21T02:01:42Z

Comunicacion Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 2 Semicarpus anacardium Linn. (Anacardiaceae) is a deciduous moderate sized tree. The plant is commonly known as Ballataka (Sanskrit), Bhela (Hindi) and marking nut in English. Fruits are acrid and sweet and used traditionally in the treatment of asthma. Allergy and stress are important contributing factors in asthma; hence, our objective was to study the effect of plant extracts on milk-induced leucocytosis (antistress) and milk-induced eosinophilia (antiallergic) as no work is done in this direction and to check a possible antiasthmatic role of the plant. Extracts were given at the dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o., to mice. Ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts showed significant decrease in leukocytes and eosinophils count. These results confirm the use of S. anacardium fruits as antistress and antiallergic agents in the treatment asthma.

Interações medicamentosas encontradas em prescrições em uma unidade básica de saúde de Ferraz de Vasconcelos, SP, Brasil

2012-12-21T02:01:42Z

Comunicacion Drug interactions founded in prescriptions in a basic health unity of Ferraz de Vasconcelos, SP, Brasil Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 2 Drug interactions occur with the indiscriminate and excessive use of drugs. However, this could result in efficient therapy or adverse reactions with different degrees of severity. This work aimed to acquire drug interactions data, obtained through medical prescriptions. 50 medical prescriptions dispensed in the Ferraz de Vasconcelos city has been analyzed. Drug interactions were found in 70% of the prescriptions. The interactions were classified according its risk index, being 45.71% of the interactions for index B, 51.43% index C, 2.86% index D. Interactions with index X were not found. It was possible to conclude the majority of the observed interactions need therapy control, and pharmaceutical care is one of the tools to avoid these events.; As interações medicamentosas ocorrem com o uso indiscriminado e excessivo de fármacos. Entretanto, isso pode resultar em terapia eficaz ou mesmo em reações adversas com diferentes graus de gravidade. Este trabalho tem como objetivo levantar dados de interações medicamentosas, obtidas através de estudo em prescrições médicas. Foram analisadas 50 prescrições médicas dispensadas no município de Ferraz de Vasconcelos. Foram encontradas interações medicamentosas em 70% das prescrições. As interações foram classificadas conforme índice de risco, sendo 45,71% das interações com para o índice B, 51,43% índice C, 2,86% índice D. Não foram encontradas interações classificadas como índice X. Foi possível concluir que a maioria das interações observadas necessitam de monitorização da terapia, e a atenção farmacêutica é uma das ferramentas para a prevenção de tais eventos.

Microbial decontamination study of medicinal plants by plasma preatment

2012-12-21T02:01:42Z

Comunicacion Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 2 In the present work the microbial decontamination of some medicinal plants by plasma treatment using oxygen gas or a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen peroxide was investigated. The efficiency of the decontamination process was analyzed by the count of heterotropic microorganisms and pathogenic research. The results showed a reduction in the microorganism number such as 3 and 4 logarithmic cycles for ginkgo and artichoke, while it was not efficient for samples containing hard and thick cells, and mucilage, such as guarana and chamomile.

Emprego do método da bolsa de diálise na avaliação da liberação de fármacos a partir de emulsões submicrométricas

2012-12-21T02:01:43Z

Revision Use of the dialysis bag method to evaluate the in vitro release of drugs from submicrometric carriers Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 2 A técnica da bolsa de diálise vem sendo usada para avaliar a liberação in vitro de fármacos a partir de carreadores submicrométricos, na sua forma original, ou através do método de diálise reversa. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever os aspectos práticos envolvidos no processo da diálise e revisar os trabalhos descritos na literatura que empregaram estes métodos para avaliar o perfil de liberação de fármacos a partir de emulsões submicrométricas destinadas à via intravenosa. Para o método original, os resultados mostram uma liberação lenta de fármaco num longo período de análise, o que leva os autores a acreditar que o sistema apresenta características de liberação prolongada. Já o método da bolsa de diálise reversa conduz à obtenção de perfis de liberação que parecem refletir um pouco melhor as condições in vivo, quando são testadas emulsões para via intravenosa.; The dialysis bag method has been employed to evaluate the in vitro release of drugs from submicrometric carriers, either through its conventional form or through the reverse dialysis approach. In this context, the purpose of this work was to present practical aspects involved in the dialysis process and to review studies described in the literature that employed such methods in order to evaluate the release of drugs from submicron emulsions intended to intravenous administration. With respect to the original method, the results showed a slow drug release within a long period of analysis, which makes the authors to believe that the systems present prolonged release features. On the other hand, the reverse dialysis method leads to release profiles that seem to better reflect the in vivo conditions, as far as intravenous emulsions are concerned.

Study of some volumetric properties of the pharmaceutical model solvent system ethanol + ethyl acetate at several temperatures

2012-12-21T02:01:43Z

Comunicacion Latin American Journal of Pharmacy The binary solvent system ethanol + ethyl acetate is widely used in the pharmaceutical sciences as a versatile model for studying the solubility of drugs. In this context, the excess molar volumes and the partial molar volumes of components were investigated from density measurements on the entire range of mass fractions, for this system at 293.15 K, 298.15 K, 303.15 K, 308.15 K, and 313.15 K. The excess molar volumes were fitted by Redlich-Kister equation by using third degree polynomials and compared with those reported in the literature for other solvent systems. The system tested exhibited positive excess volumes (up to 0.18 cm³ mol^-1 at 313.15 K), probably due to weak interactions, like dispersion forces, between unlike molecules or, some differences in the molar volumes of pure components. The effect of temperature on the different volumetric properties studied was also analyzed.

Study of in vitro and in vivo extraction of kavalactones of pharmaceutical form containing ground plant drug (Piper methysticum G. Forster)

2012-12-21T02:01:43Z

Comunicacion vol. 29, no. 2 An evaluation of the extraction of pharmacological markers (kavalactones) of the plant species Piper methysticum (kava-kava) was conducted. Capsules containing ground kava-kava were submitted to an in vitro method using a controlled dissolution system where the extractive mediums were a solution of 0.1M HCl, phosphate buffered solution (pH = 6.8) and distilled water, at 30 and 60 min, and in vivo that was based on the pylorus ligation method in rats. In the in vitro system starting from 6 capsules (3 g) containing the kava-kava powder, the following extractive concentrations of kavalactones were obtained: HCl (30 min.) = 0.93% (27.9 mg), HCl (60 min.) = 1.1% (33 mg), buff. (30 min) = 2.8% (84 mg), buff. (60 min.) = 0.7% (21 mg), water (30 min.) = 0.71% (21.3 mg) and water (60 min.) = 2.6% (78 mg), while in the in vivo method, 1 and 2 h after administration of 500 mg of the kava-kava powder through gavage, the extractive concentrations of total kavalactones were: 1h = 1.31% (6.55 mg) and 2h = 1.41 % (7.05 mg). In the in vitro system a slight difference was observed among the solutions, which were not statistically significant, and the same occurred with the in vivo experiment, although at the time of 2 h after administration it proved more effective in the extraction of kavalactones by the gastric juice, but below the dose recommended for therapeutic use.

Fitoquímica y bioactividad de Chiliotrichum diffusum (Astereaceae), una especie nativa de la Patagonia andina

2012-12-21T02:01:43Z

Comunicacion Phytochemistry and bioactivity of Chiliotrichum diffusum (Astereaceae), a native species from the Andean Patagonian Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 2 Chiliotrichum diffusum (Asteraceae), "mata negra", habita el sur de Argentina. Se han descripto usos étnicos rituales y medicinales de la especie. Las partes aéreas evidenciaron la presencia de flavonoides, taninos, hidratos de carbono, proteínas, antraquinonas, saponinas, cianoglicósidos y esteroides. El análisis de los flavonoides demostró una importante variabilidad estructural. Los grupos de flavonoides detectados fueron principalmente flavonas y flavonoles 7-O-glicosilados, dihidroflavonoles e isoflavonas. El extracto alcohólico y sus fracciones, mostraron actividad frente al bioensayo de citotoxicidad de la Artemia salina. La actividad antimicrobiana fue moderada frente a Staphylococcus aureus.; Chiliotrichum diffusum (Asteraceae), "mata negra?, inhabits the south of Argentina. Ethnic rituals and medicinal uses have been described for this species. Flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, proteins, anthraquinones, saponins, cyanoglycosides and steroids were detected in the aerial parts. The analysis of the flavonoid fraction demonstrated an important structural variability. The principal flavonoid groups detected were flavones and flavonol 7-O-glycosides, dihydroflavonols and isoflavones. The alcoholic extract and their fractions showed activity against Artemia salina cytotoxicity bioassay. The antimicrobial activity was moderate against Staphylococcus aureus.; Chiliotrichum diffusum (Asteraceae), "mata negra?, habita el sur de Argentina. Se han descripto usos étnicos rituales y medicinales de la especie. Las partes aéreas evidenciaron la presencia de flavonoides, taninos, hidratos de carbono, proteínas, antraquinonas, saponinas, cianoglicósidos y esteroides. El análisis de los flavonoides demostró una importante variabilidad estructural. Los grupos de flavonoides detectados fueron principalmente flavonas y flavonoles 7-O-glicosilados, dihidroflavonoles e isoflavonas. El extracto alcohólico y sus fracciones, mostraron actividad frente al bioensayo de citotoxicidad de la Artemia salina. La actividad antimicrobiana fue moderada frente a Staphylococcus aureus.

Development and evaluation of acyclovir mucoadhesive tablet using a novel starch based platform

2012-12-21T02:01:43Z

Comunicacion Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 2 The present study evaluated novel polymer mixtures prepared by spray drying of an aqueous dispersion of moth bean starch with Carbopol 934P and HPMC K4M for to be used as platform for peroral mucoadhesive drug delivery. 32 factorial designs were employed to evaluate influence of different concentrations of hydrophilic polymers i.e. Carbopol 934P and HPMC K4M with constant concentration of moth bean starch on the drug release as well as in vitro adhesion time. All the formulations were studied for physical evaluation i.e. hadness, friability, content uniformity, drug-excipient compatibility as well as stability study. Two formulations F1 and F4 out of nine containing low amount of synthetic polymer exhibited desirable in vitro mucoadhesion time >8 h and drug release >90 % in controlled manner.

Permeation of large antineoplastics into wild strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2012-12-21T02:01:43Z

Comunicacion Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 2 he Ames Test approach. However the cell permeability of yeast has been considered a limitant factor to this kind of assay and many researchers have been introducing genetic modifications into wild strains to improve the sensitivity to chemical compounds. In our study, we used Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9763, well known and very common strain in antibiotic assays, and we evaluated the cytotoxicity of some antineoplastic agents (etoposide, epirubicin, carboplatin, cisplatin and mitoxantrone). Each culture was observed under the light of microscope and photographed. Neither genetic modification nor addition of permeation inducers, as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), were introduced during the assays and the cells presented good sensitivity to those compounds, demonstrating that other potential strains and characteristics of cells should be reconsidered to improve these assays apart from the cellular permeability.

Dimorphandra mollis: Uma alternativa como fonte de flavonóides de ação antioxidante

2012-12-21T02:01:43Z

Comunicacion Dimorphandra mollis: An alternative as a source of flavonoids with antioxidant action Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 2 Os frutos da espécie Dimorphandra mollis são ricos nos flavonóides rutina e quercetina, que são compostos com alta atividade antioxidante, podendo assim ser utilizados na prevenção de enfermidades causados por radicais livres. O objetivo deste estudo foi obter um extrato rico em flavonóides a partir dos frutos de D. mollis. O extrato foi analisado utilizando os métodos de doseamento por espectrofotometria e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Foi identificada a presença de rutina e quercetina no extrato, que apresentou um teor de flavonóides totais de 33,71 %. O extrato, ainda, apresentou ação antioxidante favorável frete aos radicais DPPH e ABTS. Assim, foi possível concluir que os frutos de D. mollis são uma rica fonte de flavonóides de ação antioxidante.; Dimorphandra mollis fruits are rich in flavonoids rutin and quercetin, which are compounds with high antioxidant activity and can be used to prevent diseases caused by free radicals. The aim of this study was to obtain an extract rich in flavonoids from fruits of D. mollis. The extract was analyzed using the methods of determination by spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography. The presence of rutin and quercetin was identified in the extract, which showed a total flavonoids content of 33.71 %. The extract also showed antioxidant activity as scanvanger of DPPH and ABTS radicals. It was possible to conclude that D. mollis fruits are a rich source of flavonoids with antioxidant action.

Effects of D-003 (sugarcane wax acids) on the physical exercise on static bicycle test

2012-12-21T02:01:44Z

Articulo Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 2 Physical inactivity and low maximal exercise oxygen consumption (VO2max) are predictors of mortality and coronary events in adults, respectively. Lowering serum cholesterol and platelet aggregation benefits cardiovascular function in aging persons. D-003, a mixture of sugarcane wax acids, exhibits antiplatelet and cholesterol-lowering effects, and could benefit the performance of middle-aged and older subjects in effort tests. This randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study investigated the effects of D-003 (10 mg/day) for 12 weeks on the effort test in the static bicycle and the health status of 50 subjects (50-70 years old). Compared with baseline and placebo, D-003 improved significantly VO2 max values, pain/discomfort and health perception EuroQoL scores, and the cardiovascular capacity assessed by the Specific Activity Scale. Also, D-003 displayed cholesterol-lowering effects versus placebo, being well tolerated. There were no study withdrawals. Concluding, D-003 improved VO2 max values in the effort test, lipid profile, health perception and cardiovascular status of study subjects.

Comparison of the antioxidant effects of D-002 (beeswax alcohols) and grape seed extract (GSE) on plasma oxidative variables in healthy subjects

2012-12-21T02:01:44Z

Articulo Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 2 Increased oxidative stress is implicated in several diseases. D-002, a mixture of six higher aliphatic alcohols purified from beeswax, and grape seed extract (GSE) (rich in flavonoids), have been shown antioxidant effects. This randomised, double-blinded study compared the effects of both substances on plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), total hydroxyperoxides (TOH), carbonyl groups (CG) and blood superoxide dismutase (SOD) in healthy volunteers. Fifty eligible subjects were randomized to D-002 (50 mg/day) or GSE (85 mg proanthocianydine/day) for 8 weeks. Both D-002 and GSE reduced significantly plasma MDA (30.0% and 34.0%, respectively), TOH (31.6% and 34.0%, respectively) and CG (21.4% and 14.3 %, respectively), but unchanged SOD. No significant differences between groups were found. Both treatments were well tolerated. No subject dropped out because of adverse experiences (AE). Then, D-002 and GSE administered for 8 weeks were similarly effective for lowering plasma markers of lipid and protein oxidation, and similarly safe.

Profilaxia de tromboembolia venosa em procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados em um hospital do Sul do Brasil

2012-12-21T02:01:44Z

Articulo Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in surgical procedures at a hospital in South Brazil Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 2 Desordens tromboembólicas representam a principal causa de morte prevenível entre pacientes hospitalizados. A maneira mais efetiva de reduzir morbidade e mortalidade provocadas por tais desordens é a adoção de esquemas profiláticos. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a prescrição de heparinas na profilaxia cirúrgica com recomendações pré-estabelecidas pela instituição. Foram avaliados prontuários de pacientes maiores de 12 anos, de ambos os gêneros, submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos no ano de 2003. A amostra foi composta por 333 pacientes, predominantemente do sexo feminino (80,8%), com idade média de 42,8. Duzentos e cinqüenta e um (75,4%) pacientes apresentaram indicação para uso de profilaxia, dos quais 114 apresentaram paralelamente contra-indicação para essa prescrição. O seguimento da recomendação ocorreu em 33,3%. Os resultados encontrados demonstram que, apesar do conhecimento existente, a prática de prescrição ainda não reflete os avanços da área.; Thromboembolic disorders are the leading cause of preventable death among hospitalized patients. The most effective way to reduce morbidity and mortality caused by these disorders is the adoption of prophylactic regimens. The objective was to compare the prescription of heparins in surgical prophylaxis with recommendations pre-established by the institution. We evaluated medical records of patients older than 12 years, of both genders, undergoing surgical procedures in 2003. The sample comprised 333 patients, predominantly female (80.8%) with average age of 42.8. Two hundred and fifty one (75.4%) patients had indication for use of prophylaxis, of whom 114 had parallel contraindication to the prescription. Following the recommendation occurred in 33.3%. The results showed that despite the existing knowledge, the practice of prescribing not reflect advances in the area.

Construcción de un cuestionario para determinar satisfacción de pacientes frente a la utilización de medicamentos por nombre genérico en Argentina

2012-12-21T02:01:44Z

Articulo Development of a questionnaire to assess patient's satisfaction with the use of medicines by generic name in Argentina Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 2 El objetivo del trabajo consiste en construir un cuestionario capaz de determinar y comparar el nivel de satisfacción de los pacientes de distintos subsectores del sistema de salud en la utilización de medicamentos por nombre genérico en Argentina (UMNG). Se rescatan cuestionarios validados, se proponen ítems/dimensiones, determinando validez de contenido-aspecto, factibilidad con pruebas piloto, Mann- Whitney para validar, Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square para probar hipótesis y Análisis Factorial con rotación Varimax para establecer dimensiones. La aplicación se realiza en 800 pacientes de subsectores Obras Sociales y Privado. Se obtiene un instrumento, inicialmente validado, con 15 preguntas que califican satisfacción, incorporadas en 3 dimensiones: Relaciones Personales, Eficacia y Económica. La comparación de los niveles de satisfacción entre subsectores muestra mayor diferencia en 5 ítems de la primer dimensión, con énfasis en la información, comunicación, y comportamiento interpersonal y en 3 ítems de las dimensiones restantes. La población con Obra Social está más satisfecha con la UMNG que aquella con cobertura privada.; The aim of this study is to develop a questionnaire for assessing and comparing level of patient's satisfaction with the use of medicines by generic name in Argentina, in patients of different healthcare subsystems. The process involves bibliographic research for validated questionnaires, selection of items/dimensions, aspect and content validity, feasibility. Two pilot tests for feasibility, Mann Whitney for validation, Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square to probe the hypothesis and Factorial analysis with Varimax rotation to determine dimensions. Application in 800 patients of two healthcare subsystems. The result is a questionnaire, initially validated, with 15 items to assess satisfaction, grouped in 3 dimensions: Personal Relationships, Efficacy and Economic. The comparison of level of satisfaction between subsystems shows more differences in 5 items of the first dimension, with emphasis in information, communication and interpersonal behavior, and in 3 items of the other dimensions. The questionnaire is able to show the difference between patients of subsystems. Patients of the health insurance subsystem are more satisfied with the use of medicines by generic name than those from the private subsystem.

Hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer Based naproxen buccal mucoadhesive film: design and in vitro evaluation

2012-12-21T02:01:44Z

Articulo Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 2 The aim of the present study was to develop a sustained release mucoadhesive buccal film of naproxen, which can be used to treat the inflammation in the oral cavity. The mucoadhesive buccal films were prepared by solvent casting method. The prepared films were evaluated for their physicochemical parameters and in vitro release pattern. All the formulations showed uniform weight, thickness, content uniformity and folding endurance. Surface pH was found to be compatible with salivary pH. Na-CMC and HPMC based films (F-3 and F-1) showed highest water uptake (80 and 72% at 4 h) and weight loss (33.40 and 38.48%) as well as ex vivo residence time (270 and 230 min, respectively). Mucoadhesive strength was found to be decreased with the incorporation of hydrophilic polymers. Highest sustained release up to 4 h was found for F-3 (43.56%, MDT 3.941 h) and then for F-1 (69.26%, MDT 3.342 h).

Avaliação de matrizes hidrofílicas de quitosana e hidroxipropilmetilcelulose contendo captopril

2012-12-21T02:01:44Z

Articulo Evaluation of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and chitosan hydrophilic matrices containing captopril Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 2 Neste estudo, comprimidos matriciais de captopril foram desenvolvidos utilizando-se hidroxipropilmetilcelulose (HPMC) e quitosana (QTS) em diferentes proporções (50:50, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80), por compressão direta. Os comprimidos apresentaram características físicas em conformidade com os padrões Farmacopeicos. Nos estudos de intumescimento realizados em pH 1,2 e pH 6,8, os comprimidos mostraram diferentes perfis de hidratação. Os testes de dissolução indicaram que os polímeros utilizados foram adequados para melhorar a liberação prolongada do captopril, especialmente a formulação contendo HPMC-QTS, na proporção de 40:60. O mecanismo envolvido na liberação do fármaco foi uma cinética não-Fickiana (0.43 < n < 0.85) para todas as formulações, exceto em pH 1,2, onde a formulação D apresentou uma cinética envolvendo o super caso II de transporte (n > 1).; In this study, captopril matrices tablets were developed with hidroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and chitosan (CTS) with different proportions (50:50, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80) by direct compression. The tablets showed physical characteristics appropriate to the Pharmacopoeia standards. In swelling studies carried out in pH 1.2 and pH 6.8, the tablets showed different profiles of hydration. The dissolution test indicated that the polymers selected were adequate to improve the delayed release of captopril, especially for the formulation containing HPMC-CTS in proportion of 40:60. The mechanism involved in drug release was non-Fickian kinetics (0.43 < n < 0.85) for all formulations, except in pH 1.2 where the formulation D presented a Super Case II kinetics (n > 1).

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de péletes de L-alanil-L-glutamina empregando processo de extrusão-esferonização e secagem em leito fluidizado

2012-12-21T02:01:44Z

Articulo Development and characterization of L-alanyl-L-glutamine containing pellets employing extrusion-spheronization method and drying process in fluidized bad equipment Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 2 No presente trabalho foram desenvolvidas e avaliadas cinco formulações de péletes, contendo L-alanil-L-glutamina (glutamina dipeptídeo), em diferentes concentrações: F1 (9,07%); F2 (17,70%); F3 (27,98%); F4 (37,74%) e F5 (47,53%). Os péletes foram preparados pelo método da extrusão-esferonização, seguido de secagem em equipamento de leito fluidizado. Os lotes obtidos foram submetidos aos ensaios de: granulometria, friabilidade, densidade verdadeira e análise morfológica. Dentre as cinco formulações avaliadas, os péletes resultantes de F3 apresentaram maior rendimento (75,80%), distribuição granulométrica mais uniforme (89,67% dos péletes com tamanho entre 0,80 e 1,18), densidade mais elevada (2,1634 g/mL) e melhor aspecto (1,0795 ± 0,0410). Devido às características obtidas a partir da F3 os péletes foram considerados adequados para posterior aplicação de revestimento polimérico,visando produzir sistema multiparticulado de liberação prolongada da substância ativa L-alanil-L-glutamina.; In this work, five formulations of L-alanyl-L-glutamine (glutamine dipeptide) containing pellets with different drug concentration were developed and evaluated: F1 (9.07%); F2 (17.70%); F3 (27.98%); F4 (37.74%) e F5 (47.53%). Pellets were prepared by extrusion- spheronization method and, further, dried in fluidized bad equipment. The following assays were carried out with the batches obtained: granulometry, friability, true density and morphologic analysis. Between the five formulations evaluated, pellets obtained from F3 present best yield (75.80%), most uniform particle size distribution (89.67% of pellets with size in the range of 0.80 to 1.18), most high true density (2.1634 g/ml) and best aspect (1.0795 ± 0.0410). Due to these features, pellets obtained from F3 were considered adequate to further polymeric coating process in order to produce a multiparticulate system to prolong L-alanyl-L-glutamine release.

Preclinical study of the interference of different nutritional diets on the anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions of etoricoxib

2012-12-21T02:01:44Z

Articulo Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 2 The aim of this research was to evaluate the interference of the association of different types of nutritional diet in the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of etoricoxib in in vivo models. The following assays were used: a) Rat paw edema induced by carrageenan; b) Induction of the granulomatous tissue by cotton pellet; c) Dermatitis induced by croton oil; d) Vascular permeability by histamine in rats; e) Writhing test by acetic acid in mice; f) Formalin test in mice and; g) Stress-induced gastric lesions. The association of etoricoxib with the different types of diet did not alter the anti-inflammatory effect in the assays employed, but potentialized the analgesic effect, particularly when associated with hyperproteic diet for peripheral pain and hyperglucidic diet for central pain. The association of etoricoxib with hyperglucidic diet decreased the gastric lesion rate.

Desenvolvimento de cremes não-iônicos contendo mel: caracterização físico-química e estabilidade

2012-12-21T02:01:45Z

Articulo Development of nonionic creams containing honey: physicochemical characterization and stability Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 2 O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver e avaliar as propriedades físico-químicas e a estabilidade de cremes não-iônicos (tipo O/A) contendo mel em diferentes concentrações (5, 15 e 25%, m/m). As formulações foram preparadas pela técnica usual de preparação de emulsões, em triplicata. Para o ensaio de estabilidade, as formulações foram mantidas à temperatura ambiente, durante 6 meses. Os cremes contendo mel apresentaram características satisfatórias nos testes empregados (aspecto homogêneo, cor amarela, odor característico, tamanho de partícula abaixo de 10 μm e pH ácido). Verificou-se que as formulações apresentaram comportamento de fluxo não-Newtoniano e um aumento de viscosidade em função de maiores concentrações de mel. Os valores de espalhabilidade revelaram comportamentos paralelos entre as formulações. Durante os ensaios de estabilidade, ligeiras alterações na cor e no odor foram observadas; entretanto, verificou-se uma diminuição significativa dos valores de pH.; The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the physicochemical properties and physical stability of nonionic creams (O/W) containing honey at different concentrations (5, 15 and 25%, w/w). The formulations were prepared according to the normal preparation technique for emulsions, in triplicate. On the stability test, the formulations were stored at room temperature, for 6 months. The creams containing honey showed satisfactory characteristics in the tests employed (homogeneous aspect, yellow color, characteristic odor, particle size below 10 μm, and acidic pH). The formulations presented a new-Newtonian behavior and an increase in viscosity due to higher honey concentrations. The spreadability values revealed parallels behaviors between the formulations. During stability test, slight changes in color and odor were detected; however there was a decrease in pH values.

Determinação de parâmetros para controle de qualidade da Richardia brasiliensis (Rubiaceae)

2012-12-21T02:01:45Z

Articulo Determination of parameters for quality control of Richardia brasiliensis (Rubiaceae) Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 2 Richardia brasiliensis é uma planta utilizada na medicina popular como expectorante, emética, diaforética, vermífuga e no tratamento de hemorróidas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi obter parâmetros de controle de qualidade para a identificação da droga vegetal constituída pelas partes aéreas e pela raiz da R. brasiliensis, dados ainda não descritos na literatura. Os resultados indicaram que a folha é anfiestomática, apresentando estômatos paracíticos e tricomas tectores unicelulares. A nervura principal apresentou feixe vascular colateral, o pecíolo feixe vascular em forma de arco e dois pequenos feixes vasculares laterais e a raiz principal apresentou parênquima cortical com grande quantidade de grãos-de-amido e idioblastos contendo ráfides de oxalato de cálcio. Na prospecção fitoquímica das raízes e das partes aéreas verificou- se a presença de cumarinas, resinas, esteróides e triterpenóides e somente nas partes aéreas flavonóides e alcalóides. Os resultados obtidos nesse estudo podem auxiliar na identificação e controle de qualidade dessa matéria-prima vegetal.; Richardia brasiliensis is a plant used in folk medicine as expectorant, emetic, diaphoretic, vermifuge and to treat hemorrhoids. The goal of this research was to obtain quality control parameters for the identification of the plant drug of R. brasiliensis aerial parts and roots, data not reported in the literature. The results indicated that the leaf presents paracytic stomata in both surfaces and unicellular non-glandular trichome. The midrib presents collateral vascular bundle, the petiole possess vascular bundle in arc form and two small lateral vascular bundle, and the main root presents the cortical parenchyma with great amount of starches grains and idioblasts with calcium oxalate raphides. In the phytochemical screening, coumarin, resin, steroid and triterpenoid were detected in aerial parts and roots and only in the aerial parts were detected flavonoids and alkaloids. These results may help in the identification and quality control of this raw material plant