Volumen 116 | Número 01http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/617772024-03-28T11:04:55Z2024-03-28T11:04:55ZExportación del Mg edáfico producida por cultivos extensivos e intensivos en los distintos partidos de la provincia de Buenos AiresFerro, Daniel AdalbertoMachetti, Natalia ElisabetAbbona, Esteban AndrésVázquez, Mabel Elenahttp://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/618832020-05-21T18:36:51Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZArticulo
Exportation of soil’s Mg produced by extensive and intensive crops in different departments of Buenos Aires Province
Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía; vol. 116, no. 1
El Mg es un macronutriente secundario cuya principal pérdida en los suelos es debido a la exportación hortícola y agropecuaria. Argentina se caracteriza por el bajo consumo de fertilizantes magnésicos. El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar la exportación de Mg en los partidos de la provincia de Buenos Aires en la campaña 2005/06 producida por actividades agrícolas y hortícolas. Se calculó la extracción para cada partido y cultivo, realizando el producto entre rendimiento, contenido del nutriente en el órgano cosechado y área cosechada. La exportación por superficie en agricultura fue mayor (6,24 kg Mg ha-1) que en horticultura (5,42 kg Mg ha-1). Los partidos con mayor extracción fueron Tres Arroyos, General Villegas, Pergamino, Coronel Dorrego y Necochea, en pérdidas superiores a 1.600 t Mg partido-1. La horticultura no alcanzó valores extractivos absolutos cercanos a los cultivos agrícolas debido a su menor rendimiento, aunque, los valores de composiciones químicas son superiores.; The Mg is a secondary macronutrient whose primary loss in soils is due to the horticultural and agricultural exports. Argentina is characterized by low consumption of magnesium fertilizers. The objective was to analyze the export of Mg in the districts of the province of Buenos Aires in 2005/06 produced by agricultural and horticultural activities. Extraction for each district and crop was calculated, making the product of yield, nutrient content in the harvested organ and harvested area. The export agricultural area was higher (6.24 kg Mg ha-1) than in horticulture (5.42 kg Mg ha-1). The parties were higher extraction Tres Arroyos, General Villegas, Pergamino, Coronel Dorrego and Necochea, lose more than 1,600 Mg party t-1. Absolute horticulture extractive not reaches values close to agricultural crops because of their lower yield, while the values of chemical compositions are superior.
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZEl Mg es un macronutriente secundario cuya principal pérdida en los suelos es debido a la exportación hortícola y agropecuaria. Argentina se caracteriza por el bajo consumo de fertilizantes magnésicos. El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar la exportación de Mg en los partidos de la provincia de Buenos Aires en la campaña 2005/06 producida por actividades agrícolas y hortícolas. Se calculó la extracción para cada partido y cultivo, realizando el producto entre rendimiento, contenido del nutriente en el órgano cosechado y área cosechada. La exportación por superficie en agricultura fue mayor (6,24 kg Mg ha-1) que en horticultura (5,42 kg Mg ha-1). Los partidos con mayor extracción fueron Tres Arroyos, General Villegas, Pergamino, Coronel Dorrego y Necochea, en pérdidas superiores a 1.600 t Mg partido-1. La horticultura no alcanzó valores extractivos absolutos cercanos a los cultivos agrícolas debido a su menor rendimiento, aunque, los valores de composiciones químicas son superiores.
The Mg is a secondary macronutrient whose primary loss in soils is due to the horticultural and agricultural exports. Argentina is characterized by low consumption of magnesium fertilizers. The objective was to analyze the export of Mg in the districts of the province of Buenos Aires in 2005/06 produced by agricultural and horticultural activities. Extraction for each district and crop was calculated, making the product of yield, nutrient content in the harvested organ and harvested area. The export agricultural area was higher (6.24 kg Mg ha-1) than in horticulture (5.42 kg Mg ha-1). The parties were higher extraction Tres Arroyos, General Villegas, Pergamino, Coronel Dorrego and Necochea, lose more than 1,600 Mg party t-1. Absolute horticulture extractive not reaches values close to agricultural crops because of their lower yield, while the values of chemical compositions are superior.Control biológico por conservación: evaluación de los enemigos naturales de <i>Brevicoryne brassicae</i> (Hemiptera: Aphididae) en un manejo agroecológico de producción al aire libre de repollo (<i>Brassica oleracea</i>) del Cinturón Hortícola de La Plata, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDubrovsky Berensztein, NadiaRicci, MónicaPolack, Luis AndrésMarasas, Mariana Edithhttp://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/618812019-11-13T20:02:54Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZArticulo
Conservation biological control: evaluation of natural enemies of <i>Brevicoryne brassicae</i> (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in an agroecological management in the outdoor production of cabbage (<i>Brassica oleracea</i>) in the Horticultural Belt of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía; vol. 116, no. 1
Los objetivos del estudio fueron: caracterizar los enemigos naturales (EN) de pulgones, en cultivos de repollo (Brassica oleracea, L.) y ambientes semi-naturales (Borde, Frontera y Franja en descanso) de una finca y evaluar el control biológico natural sobre colonias introducidas artificialmente. Se trabajó a campo, en dos parcelas de una finca comercial con manejo de base agroecológica, en el Cinturón Hortícola de La Plata. Se relevaron mensualmente los artrópodos utilizando red de arrastre, colecta manual y cría de colonias de pulgones para evaluar la presencia de parasitoidismo. Con las familias y especies de EN se conformaron gremios tróficos.
También se dispusieron 24 plantas con una densidad conocida de Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), criados en laboratorio, entre las plantas cultivadas de la finca, de acuerdo a dos tratamientos: distancia a las áreas seminaturales y accesibilidad a los EN, con estructura abierta o cerrada con voile de protección, para evaluar la ocurrencia del control natural. Se obtuvo mayor riqueza y abundancia de EN de los órdenes Araneae, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera e Hymenoptera en las áreas semi-naturales. Los depredadores generalistas fueron el gremio más frecuente, seguidos por especialistas, parasitoides e hiperparasitoides. El ANOVA factorial de la evaluación a campo arrojó diferencias significativas en el tratamiento de accesibilidad a los EN: plantas disponibles presentaron tasas de crecimiento de pulgones significativamente menores que las aisladas (F=4,729 y p=0,041, α<0,05) y un 5% de parasitoidismo. Se corroboró la importancia de la diversificación y las áreas seminaturales, en ausencia de agroquímicos, para los EN de B. brassicae; The objectives of this study were: i) to characterise the natural enemies (NE) of aphid in crop cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) and semi-natural areas (Edge, Border and Resting Stripe) of a farm; ii) to evaluate the natural biocontrol on colonies, introduced artificially. This outdoor work was held in two plots of a commercial farm with agroecological basis management, located at the Horticultural Belt of La Plata. Arthropods were monthly surveyed using trawl, manual collect and aphid colonies breeding to assess the presence of parasitism. Trophic guilds were formed by families and species. Besides, 24 plants were placed with a certain density of Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), reared in the laboratory, between cultivated plants of the farm, according to two treatments: distance to seminatural areas and accessibility to NE, below open structure or closed with protection voile, to evaluate the occurrence of natural control. Greater richness and abundance of NE was obtained in orders Araneae, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera and Hymenoptera in the semi-natural areas. Generalist predators were the most frequent guild, followed by specialists, parasitoids and hyperparasitoids. The factorial ANOVA of field evaluation showed significant differences in the treatment of accessibility to NE: plants available presented significantly lower growth rates of aphids than cut off plants (F=4.729 and p=0.041, α<0.05) and 5 % of parasitism. For NE of B. brassicae, the importance of diversification and semi-natural areas in the absence of agrochemicals was confirmed.
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZLos objetivos del estudio fueron: caracterizar los enemigos naturales (EN) de pulgones, en cultivos de repollo (Brassica oleracea, L.) y ambientes semi-naturales (Borde, Frontera y Franja en descanso) de una finca y evaluar el control biológico natural sobre colonias introducidas artificialmente. Se trabajó a campo, en dos parcelas de una finca comercial con manejo de base agroecológica, en el Cinturón Hortícola de La Plata. Se relevaron mensualmente los artrópodos utilizando red de arrastre, colecta manual y cría de colonias de pulgones para evaluar la presencia de parasitoidismo. Con las familias y especies de EN se conformaron gremios tróficos.
También se dispusieron 24 plantas con una densidad conocida de Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), criados en laboratorio, entre las plantas cultivadas de la finca, de acuerdo a dos tratamientos: distancia a las áreas seminaturales y accesibilidad a los EN, con estructura abierta o cerrada con voile de protección, para evaluar la ocurrencia del control natural. Se obtuvo mayor riqueza y abundancia de EN de los órdenes Araneae, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera e Hymenoptera en las áreas semi-naturales. Los depredadores generalistas fueron el gremio más frecuente, seguidos por especialistas, parasitoides e hiperparasitoides. El ANOVA factorial de la evaluación a campo arrojó diferencias significativas en el tratamiento de accesibilidad a los EN: plantas disponibles presentaron tasas de crecimiento de pulgones significativamente menores que las aisladas (F=4,729 y p=0,041, α<0,05) y un 5% de parasitoidismo. Se corroboró la importancia de la diversificación y las áreas seminaturales, en ausencia de agroquímicos, para los EN de B. brassicae
The objectives of this study were: i) to characterise the natural enemies (NE) of aphid in crop cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) and semi-natural areas (Edge, Border and Resting Stripe) of a farm; ii) to evaluate the natural biocontrol on colonies, introduced artificially. This outdoor work was held in two plots of a commercial farm with agroecological basis management, located at the Horticultural Belt of La Plata. Arthropods were monthly surveyed using trawl, manual collect and aphid colonies breeding to assess the presence of parasitism. Trophic guilds were formed by families and species. Besides, 24 plants were placed with a certain density of Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), reared in the laboratory, between cultivated plants of the farm, according to two treatments: distance to seminatural areas and accessibility to NE, below open structure or closed with protection voile, to evaluate the occurrence of natural control. Greater richness and abundance of NE was obtained in orders Araneae, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera and Hymenoptera in the semi-natural areas. Generalist predators were the most frequent guild, followed by specialists, parasitoids and hyperparasitoids. The factorial ANOVA of field evaluation showed significant differences in the treatment of accessibility to NE: plants available presented significantly lower growth rates of aphids than cut off plants (F=4.729 and p=0.041, α<0.05) and 5 % of parasitism. For NE of B. brassicae, the importance of diversification and semi-natural areas in the absence of agrochemicals was confirmed.Caracterización nutricional de la harina integral de algarroba (Prosopis alpataco) de la norpatagonia ArgentinaBoeri, PatriciaPiñuel, LucreciaSharry, Sandra ElizabethBarrio, Daniel Alejandrohttp://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/618792019-11-13T20:03:25Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZArticulo
Nutritional characterization of integral flour of Prosopis alpataco from the northern patagonia Argentina
Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía; vol. 116, no. 1
La biodiversidad genética de los recursos regionales brinda la posibilidad de obtener productos derivados de la bioprospección, con el objeto de buscar nuevos alimentos con alto valor nutricional para el consumo humano. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar la composición química y nutricional de los frutos de Prosopis alpataco procedente de la Norpatagonia Argentina especie nativa de la zona árida. Para ello, se obtuvo una harina integral a partir de las chauchas. Para evaluar el valor nutricional de la harina integral (317,15 Kcal/100 g) se determinó la composición centesimal de la misma. La harina integral posee un alto contenido de proteínas e hidratos de carbonos (10 y 62% del peso seco, respectivamente) con lo cual, las vainas de esta especie constituyen un potencial recurso alimentario. El contenido de grasas determinado, nos indicó que la harina integral de P.
alpataco constituye un producto de bajo contenido de lípidos (3,23%) y la relación entre grasas insaturadas/saturadas fue de 4:1. La presencia de polifenoles y factores antinutricionales como fitoaglutininas fueron evaluados en la harina (33,8 mg GAE/100 g Peso y 0,35 HA/mg ml de proteína total, respectivamente). En conclusión, los resultados sugieren que la harina integral podría utilizarse como suplemento dietario para la industria alimentaria, ya sea en la elaboración de alimentos para consumo humano o animal.; The genetic diversity of regional resources provides the ability to obtain products derived from bioprospecting, in order to find new foods with high nutritional value for human consumption. The aim of this work was to study the chemical and nutritional composition of the fruits of Prosopis alpataco from the Northern Patagonia Argentina, native species of the arid zone. For this, whole flour was obtained from the full pod. To assess the nutritional value of integral flour (317.15 Kcal / 100 g) the percentage composition was determined. Whole pod flour has a high content of protein and carbohydrates (10 and 62% of dry weight, respectively) which, pods of this species are a food resource potential. The content of fats, told us that the whole meal is a product P. alpataco low lipid content (3.23%) and the ratio of unsaturated / saturated fat was 4: 1. The presence of polyphenols and antinutritional factors as fitoaglutininas were evaluated flour (33.8 mg GAE / 100 g and 0.35 weight HA / mg ml total protein, respectively). In conclusion, the results suggest that integral flour could be used as a dietary supplement for the food industry, either in the preparation of food for human or animal consumption.
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZLa biodiversidad genética de los recursos regionales brinda la posibilidad de obtener productos derivados de la bioprospección, con el objeto de buscar nuevos alimentos con alto valor nutricional para el consumo humano. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar la composición química y nutricional de los frutos de Prosopis alpataco procedente de la Norpatagonia Argentina especie nativa de la zona árida. Para ello, se obtuvo una harina integral a partir de las chauchas. Para evaluar el valor nutricional de la harina integral (317,15 Kcal/100 g) se determinó la composición centesimal de la misma. La harina integral posee un alto contenido de proteínas e hidratos de carbonos (10 y 62% del peso seco, respectivamente) con lo cual, las vainas de esta especie constituyen un potencial recurso alimentario. El contenido de grasas determinado, nos indicó que la harina integral de P.
alpataco constituye un producto de bajo contenido de lípidos (3,23%) y la relación entre grasas insaturadas/saturadas fue de 4:1. La presencia de polifenoles y factores antinutricionales como fitoaglutininas fueron evaluados en la harina (33,8 mg GAE/100 g Peso y 0,35 HA/mg ml de proteína total, respectivamente). En conclusión, los resultados sugieren que la harina integral podría utilizarse como suplemento dietario para la industria alimentaria, ya sea en la elaboración de alimentos para consumo humano o animal.
The genetic diversity of regional resources provides the ability to obtain products derived from bioprospecting, in order to find new foods with high nutritional value for human consumption. The aim of this work was to study the chemical and nutritional composition of the fruits of Prosopis alpataco from the Northern Patagonia Argentina, native species of the arid zone. For this, whole flour was obtained from the full pod. To assess the nutritional value of integral flour (317.15 Kcal / 100 g) the percentage composition was determined. Whole pod flour has a high content of protein and carbohydrates (10 and 62% of dry weight, respectively) which, pods of this species are a food resource potential. The content of fats, told us that the whole meal is a product P. alpataco low lipid content (3.23%) and the ratio of unsaturated / saturated fat was 4: 1. The presence of polyphenols and antinutritional factors as fitoaglutininas were evaluated flour (33.8 mg GAE / 100 g and 0.35 weight HA / mg ml total protein, respectively). In conclusion, the results suggest that integral flour could be used as a dietary supplement for the food industry, either in the preparation of food for human or animal consumption.Bacia hidrográfica Piray Miní: geoprocessamento aplicado ao zoneamento territorial e sua implicação com a legislaçãoBedrij, Natalia AlejandraRizzi, Nivaldo EduardoVelazco, Santiago José Elíashttp://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/618782019-11-13T20:03:24Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZArticulo
Basin Piray Miní: geoprocessing applied to territorial zoning and its implication with legislation
Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía; vol. 116, no. 1
O trabalho foi conduzido para descrever zonas homogêneas dentro da bacia hidrográfica do rio Piray Miní, Misiones, na Argentina, segundo ocupação do solo, tipo de solos, hidrografia, declividade e altimetria. Para isto, se confeccionaram cinco mapas contendo as variáveis de análise aos quais se sobrepôs uma malha de hexágonos regulares de 60 ha cada, medindo-se cada variável em hectares. Utilizando os hexágonos como unidades de análise foi conformada uma matriz com 28 colunas (variáveis) e 2645 linhas (hexágonos), aplicando-se a técnica de aglomeração k-médias seguido da análise da estabilidade e validação dos agrupamentos mediante o procedimento de permutação multi resposta. Como resultado, uma particular divisão espacial da bacia hidrográfica do rio Piray Miní foi proposta. Foram identificadas oito zonas homogêneas com características específicas: Zona de Florestas de Preservação; Zona de Nascentes; Zona de Uso Intensivo; Zona de Uso Semi-Intensivo; Zona Fluvial; Zona de Transição; Zona de Planície e Zona Hidromórfica. As variáveis utilizadas forneceram parâmetros suficientes para a caracterização de áreas a partir da qual foi possível direcionar o planejamento e gestão da bacia hidrográfica, baseado na sustentabilidade e legislação existente.; This study was conducted to discern and describe homogeneous zones on Piray Miní river basin, Misiones, Argentina, according to variables: land use, soils, hydrography, slope and altimetry. For this, five maps were created containing the analysis variables and were superposed a grid of regular hexagons of 60 hectares each one, contained the covered of variables with the surface in hectares. Using each of the hexagons as units of analysis was adjusted a matrix with 28 columns (variables) and 2645 lines (hexagons), it was applied the Kmeans clustering technique, later, the performed of groups was analyzed by the technique of Multi-Response Permutation Procedure. As a result, a particular division of Piray Miní basin was proposed. Eight homogeneous zones were identified: Preservation Forest Zone; Headwaters Zone; Intensive Use Zone; Half Intensive Use Zone; River Zone; Transition Zone; Lowland Zone and Hydromorphic Zone. Thus, the variables used provided sufficient information for classification area from which it is possible to direct the planning and basin management based on sustainability and existing legislation.
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZO trabalho foi conduzido para descrever zonas homogêneas dentro da bacia hidrográfica do rio Piray Miní, Misiones, na Argentina, segundo ocupação do solo, tipo de solos, hidrografia, declividade e altimetria. Para isto, se confeccionaram cinco mapas contendo as variáveis de análise aos quais se sobrepôs uma malha de hexágonos regulares de 60 ha cada, medindo-se cada variável em hectares. Utilizando os hexágonos como unidades de análise foi conformada uma matriz com 28 colunas (variáveis) e 2645 linhas (hexágonos), aplicando-se a técnica de aglomeração k-médias seguido da análise da estabilidade e validação dos agrupamentos mediante o procedimento de permutação multi resposta. Como resultado, uma particular divisão espacial da bacia hidrográfica do rio Piray Miní foi proposta. Foram identificadas oito zonas homogêneas com características específicas: Zona de Florestas de Preservação; Zona de Nascentes; Zona de Uso Intensivo; Zona de Uso Semi-Intensivo; Zona Fluvial; Zona de Transição; Zona de Planície e Zona Hidromórfica. As variáveis utilizadas forneceram parâmetros suficientes para a caracterização de áreas a partir da qual foi possível direcionar o planejamento e gestão da bacia hidrográfica, baseado na sustentabilidade e legislação existente.
This study was conducted to discern and describe homogeneous zones on Piray Miní river basin, Misiones, Argentina, according to variables: land use, soils, hydrography, slope and altimetry. For this, five maps were created containing the analysis variables and were superposed a grid of regular hexagons of 60 hectares each one, contained the covered of variables with the surface in hectares. Using each of the hexagons as units of analysis was adjusted a matrix with 28 columns (variables) and 2645 lines (hexagons), it was applied the Kmeans clustering technique, later, the performed of groups was analyzed by the technique of Multi-Response Permutation Procedure. As a result, a particular division of Piray Miní basin was proposed. Eight homogeneous zones were identified: Preservation Forest Zone; Headwaters Zone; Intensive Use Zone; Half Intensive Use Zone; River Zone; Transition Zone; Lowland Zone and Hydromorphic Zone. Thus, the variables used provided sufficient information for classification area from which it is possible to direct the planning and basin management based on sustainability and existing legislation.Evaluación de impacto de la incorporación de un sistema de instalaciones en establecimientos de productores porcinos familiaresChierchie, LauraJustianovich, Sergiohttp://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/618762019-11-13T20:03:21Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZArticulo
Impact evaluation of the incorporation of a facilities system in family pig farms
Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía; vol. 116, no. 1
El desarrollo tecnológico de la agroindustria generó modelos basados en economías de gran escala productiva, fomentando un marginamiento de los modelos tradicionales de producción. Sin embargo, en Argentina, la necesidad de implementar tecnologías alternativas de desarrollo para el sector semi-intensivo o familiar aumentó en la implementación y la divulgación de máquinas para la agricultura familiar. El presente artículo evalúa el impacto de la incorporación de un sistema de instalaciones para producción porcina familiar. A partir de una serie de prototipos instalados en campo de productores, se determinó en qué medida el diseño del sistema aporta mayor resiliencia a los sistemas productivos. Los resultados indican que la gestión participativa posibilitó generar soluciones apropiables por los productores familiares. Permitieron comprobar la validez de la gestión comunitaria de tecnologías para la resolución de problemáticas complejas. A su vez, debido a la red de actores comprometida, el proyecto fue destacado por su contribución al desarrollo local, su adecuación económica y por favorecer las condiciones de trabajo del productor.; The technological development of the agro-industry generated models based on economies of large-scale production, promoting the exclusion of the traditional models of production. In Argentina, however, the need of implementation of alternative technologies for the development of the semi-intensive or familiar sector increased the use and spreading of family-farming-oriented machines. The impact caused by the incorporation of installations in pig family production systems is assessed in the present work. Starting from a series of prototypes installed on some farms, the evaluation determined to what extent the design of the installations contributes to the resilience of the production systems. The results indicate that participative management is useful to generate solutions better suited for the farmers. The validity of the communitarian management of technologies to solve complex problems was thus verified. In turn, and due to the compromise of the involved actors, the project was highlighted by its contribution to the local development, its economic suitability and for favoring the working conditions of the farmer.
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZEl desarrollo tecnológico de la agroindustria generó modelos basados en economías de gran escala productiva, fomentando un marginamiento de los modelos tradicionales de producción. Sin embargo, en Argentina, la necesidad de implementar tecnologías alternativas de desarrollo para el sector semi-intensivo o familiar aumentó en la implementación y la divulgación de máquinas para la agricultura familiar. El presente artículo evalúa el impacto de la incorporación de un sistema de instalaciones para producción porcina familiar. A partir de una serie de prototipos instalados en campo de productores, se determinó en qué medida el diseño del sistema aporta mayor resiliencia a los sistemas productivos. Los resultados indican que la gestión participativa posibilitó generar soluciones apropiables por los productores familiares. Permitieron comprobar la validez de la gestión comunitaria de tecnologías para la resolución de problemáticas complejas. A su vez, debido a la red de actores comprometida, el proyecto fue destacado por su contribución al desarrollo local, su adecuación económica y por favorecer las condiciones de trabajo del productor.
The technological development of the agro-industry generated models based on economies of large-scale production, promoting the exclusion of the traditional models of production. In Argentina, however, the need of implementation of alternative technologies for the development of the semi-intensive or familiar sector increased the use and spreading of family-farming-oriented machines. The impact caused by the incorporation of installations in pig family production systems is assessed in the present work. Starting from a series of prototypes installed on some farms, the evaluation determined to what extent the design of the installations contributes to the resilience of the production systems. The results indicate that participative management is useful to generate solutions better suited for the farmers. The validity of the communitarian management of technologies to solve complex problems was thus verified. In turn, and due to the compromise of the involved actors, the project was highlighted by its contribution to the local development, its economic suitability and for favoring the working conditions of the farmer.Uso de subproductos de la industria vitivinícola en dietas para cabras: efecto sobre la digestibilidad total aparente y la degradabilidad ruminal in situArias, Rubén OmarMuro, María GabrielaChaves, Juan PabloTrigo, María SoledadAntonini de Ruiz, Alicia GracielaCordiviola, Carlos Ángelhttp://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/618752019-11-13T20:03:16Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZArticulo
Use of products of the wine industry in diets for goats: Effect on total apparent digestibility and ruminal degradability in situ
Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía; vol. 116, no. 1
El objetivo del siguiente trabajo fue evaluar la incorporación de ensilado de orujo de uva en dietas para caprinos.
La dietas suministradas fueron: heno de alfalfa 100% (D0) y heno de alfalfa + ensilado de orujo de uva (1kg/día/cabra) (D1). Las variables analizadas fueron CMST, CMSF, CTFDN, CTFDA, CTPB, CMSTD, TS, F/O, DTAIVMS, de la FDN, FDA y PB. Se evaluaron parámetros ruminales como pH ruminal y degradabilidad ruminal in situ. El CMST y CMSF, disminuyó linealmente (p< 0,05) en la dieta D1. La TS fue de 1,43 esto significó un 53,3 % menos de CMSF respecto a la dieta D0 y la F/O fue 63/37. El CTFDN de D1 verificó una tendencia (p= 0,078) a ser menor, el CTPB disminuyó de manera lineal (p< 0,05) y el CTFDA no registró efecto (p> 0,05). La DTAIV de la MS consumida como de la FDN, FDA, PB y el CMSTD fue menor (p< 0,05) que en la dieta solo alfalfa. El PV de las cabras no varió (p> 0,05) entre los tratamientos. El pH ruminal promedio de D1 registró una tendencia (p= 0,094) a ser mayor que D0. El área bajo la curva y las horas con valores de pH menores a 6, no verificaron efectos (p> 0,05) entre las dietas. La DEGRIMS del ensilado de orujo de uva, para las 24 horas de incubación, fue un 11,9 % menor (p< 0,05) que la dieta D0. Para las 48 horas de incubación se observó una tendencia (p= 0,095) a diferir entre los tratamientos. Se puede concluir, que si bien el valor nutritivo del orujo de uva es limitado, su interés podría estar relacionado a dietas de mantenimiento, aspecto interesante en la alimentación del ganado caprino si se considera su costo y el problema que representa su disposición como residuo ambiental.; The aim of this study was to evaluate the addition of grape pomace silage in diets for goats. The diets fed were 100% alfalfa hay (D0) and alfalfa hay silage + grape pomace (1kg /day/goat), (D1). The variables analyzed were CMST, CMSF, CTFDN, CTFDA, CTPB, CMSTD, TS, F/O, DTAIVMS, FDN, FDA and PB. Ruminal parameters such as ruminal pH and ruminal degradability in situ were evaluated. The CMST and CMSF, decreased linearly (p <0.05) in the D1 diet. The TS was 1.43 this meant a 53.3% less CMSF about diet D0 and F / O was 63/37. The D1 CTFDN verified a trend (p = 0.078) to be lower, the CTPB decreased linearly (p <0.05) and did not record CTFDA effect (p> 0.05). The DTAIV of the MS consumed as FDN, FDA, PB and CMSTD was lower (p <0.05) than in the alfalfa diet alone. The PV of the goats did not change (p> 0.05) between treatments. The average ruminal pH of D1 showed a trend (p = 0.094) to be greater than D0. The area under the curve and hours with pH values below 6 not verified effects (p> 0.05). The DEGRIMS of grape pomace silage, for 24 hours of incubation was 11.9% lower (p <0.05) than the diet D0. For 48 hours incubation a trend (p = 0.095) to differ between treatments was observed.
It can be concluded that although the nutritional value of grape pomace is limited, their interest could be related to maintenance diets, interesting in feeding the goats aspect considering the cost and the problem of their disposal as environmental waste.
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZEl objetivo del siguiente trabajo fue evaluar la incorporación de ensilado de orujo de uva en dietas para caprinos.
La dietas suministradas fueron: heno de alfalfa 100% (D0) y heno de alfalfa + ensilado de orujo de uva (1kg/día/cabra) (D1). Las variables analizadas fueron CMST, CMSF, CTFDN, CTFDA, CTPB, CMSTD, TS, F/O, DTAIVMS, de la FDN, FDA y PB. Se evaluaron parámetros ruminales como pH ruminal y degradabilidad ruminal in situ. El CMST y CMSF, disminuyó linealmente (p< 0,05) en la dieta D1. La TS fue de 1,43 esto significó un 53,3 % menos de CMSF respecto a la dieta D0 y la F/O fue 63/37. El CTFDN de D1 verificó una tendencia (p= 0,078) a ser menor, el CTPB disminuyó de manera lineal (p< 0,05) y el CTFDA no registró efecto (p> 0,05). La DTAIV de la MS consumida como de la FDN, FDA, PB y el CMSTD fue menor (p< 0,05) que en la dieta solo alfalfa. El PV de las cabras no varió (p> 0,05) entre los tratamientos. El pH ruminal promedio de D1 registró una tendencia (p= 0,094) a ser mayor que D0. El área bajo la curva y las horas con valores de pH menores a 6, no verificaron efectos (p> 0,05) entre las dietas. La DEGRIMS del ensilado de orujo de uva, para las 24 horas de incubación, fue un 11,9 % menor (p< 0,05) que la dieta D0. Para las 48 horas de incubación se observó una tendencia (p= 0,095) a diferir entre los tratamientos. Se puede concluir, que si bien el valor nutritivo del orujo de uva es limitado, su interés podría estar relacionado a dietas de mantenimiento, aspecto interesante en la alimentación del ganado caprino si se considera su costo y el problema que representa su disposición como residuo ambiental.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the addition of grape pomace silage in diets for goats. The diets fed were 100% alfalfa hay (D0) and alfalfa hay silage + grape pomace (1kg /day/goat), (D1). The variables analyzed were CMST, CMSF, CTFDN, CTFDA, CTPB, CMSTD, TS, F/O, DTAIVMS, FDN, FDA and PB. Ruminal parameters such as ruminal pH and ruminal degradability in situ were evaluated. The CMST and CMSF, decreased linearly (p <0.05) in the D1 diet. The TS was 1.43 this meant a 53.3% less CMSF about diet D0 and F / O was 63/37. The D1 CTFDN verified a trend (p = 0.078) to be lower, the CTPB decreased linearly (p <0.05) and did not record CTFDA effect (p> 0.05). The DTAIV of the MS consumed as FDN, FDA, PB and CMSTD was lower (p <0.05) than in the alfalfa diet alone. The PV of the goats did not change (p> 0.05) between treatments. The average ruminal pH of D1 showed a trend (p = 0.094) to be greater than D0. The area under the curve and hours with pH values below 6 not verified effects (p> 0.05). The DEGRIMS of grape pomace silage, for 24 hours of incubation was 11.9% lower (p <0.05) than the diet D0. For 48 hours incubation a trend (p = 0.095) to differ between treatments was observed.
It can be concluded that although the nutritional value of grape pomace is limited, their interest could be related to maintenance diets, interesting in feeding the goats aspect considering the cost and the problem of their disposal as environmental waste.Análisis del impacto ambiental del cambio de secuencias de cultivo en el partido de Tres Arroyos (Buenos Aires, Argentina)Chamorro, Adriana MabelSarandón, Santiago Javierhttp://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/618642019-11-13T20:02:51Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZArticulo
Environmental impact analysis of crop sequences change in Tres Arroyos (Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía; vol. 116, no. 1
El uso de plaguicidas es cuestionado por su peligrosidad para el ser humano, sus efectos sobre organismos no blanco y contaminación de distintos compartimentos ambientales. Los diferentes usos del territorio, sea por diferentes cultivos o modelos de producción, determinan diferentes usos (tipo y dosis) de plaguicidas, con diferentes impactos ambientales. Los cambios que se están registrando en los sistemas productivos del Partido de Tres Arroyos justifican analizar estos aspectos en diferentes alternativas productivas. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar el impacto del uso de plaguicidas de las secuencias trigo/soja, colza/soja y cebada/soja cultivadas bajo dos modelos de producción (nivel tecnológico medio y alto) en dos áreas ambientalmente diferentes (zona de suelos someros y profundos) del Partido de Tres Arroyos. Para evaluar el impacto asociado al uso de plaguicidas se utilizó el “coeficiente de impacto ambiental de plaguicidas” y su “valoración de uso a campo”. La secuencia colza/soja mostró el mayor impacto, posiblemente por una menor adaptación ecológica de los cultivos que la componen. En el nivel tecnológico medio, los sistemas cebada/soja y trigo/soja tuvieron muy bajos impactos comparativos respecto de colza/soja, pero, con la tecnología alta, las tres secuencias aumentaron su impacto a niveles similares, mostrando la importancia del modelo de producción en el efecto que las prácticas agrícolas para el control de plagas tienen sobre el ambiente. El principal responsable del impacto ambiental fue el glifosato. Se plantea la necesidad de un cambio de ética y valores en la sociedad para transitar hacia una cultura de la sostenibilidad.; Pesticide use is questioned for its effects on non-target organisms and contamination of different environmental compartments. The different land uses, different crops or different model productions, determine different impacts from pesticide use. The production systems changes in Tres Arroyos district justify analyze these aspects in different productive alternatives. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of pesticide use of wheat/soybean, rapeseed/soybean and barley/soybean sequences grown under two production models (mean and high technological level) in two environmentally different areas (shallow and deep soil zones) in Tres Arroyos district.
The "coefficient of environmental impact of pesticides" and its "assessment of use field" were used to assess the impact associated with pesticide use. Rapeseed/soybean sequence showed greater impact, possibly by a smaller ecological adaptation of crops that compose it. In the mean technological level, barley/soybean and wheat/soybean had very low impacts with respect to rapeseed/soybean sequence, but with high technology, the three sequences increased their impact at similar levels. This showed the relevance of the production model as determinant of the effect that agricultural practices for pest control have on the environment. Glyphosate was the main responsible for the environmental impact. The need for a change of ethics and values in society to move towards a culture of sustainability arises.
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZEl uso de plaguicidas es cuestionado por su peligrosidad para el ser humano, sus efectos sobre organismos no blanco y contaminación de distintos compartimentos ambientales. Los diferentes usos del territorio, sea por diferentes cultivos o modelos de producción, determinan diferentes usos (tipo y dosis) de plaguicidas, con diferentes impactos ambientales. Los cambios que se están registrando en los sistemas productivos del Partido de Tres Arroyos justifican analizar estos aspectos en diferentes alternativas productivas. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar el impacto del uso de plaguicidas de las secuencias trigo/soja, colza/soja y cebada/soja cultivadas bajo dos modelos de producción (nivel tecnológico medio y alto) en dos áreas ambientalmente diferentes (zona de suelos someros y profundos) del Partido de Tres Arroyos. Para evaluar el impacto asociado al uso de plaguicidas se utilizó el “coeficiente de impacto ambiental de plaguicidas” y su “valoración de uso a campo”. La secuencia colza/soja mostró el mayor impacto, posiblemente por una menor adaptación ecológica de los cultivos que la componen. En el nivel tecnológico medio, los sistemas cebada/soja y trigo/soja tuvieron muy bajos impactos comparativos respecto de colza/soja, pero, con la tecnología alta, las tres secuencias aumentaron su impacto a niveles similares, mostrando la importancia del modelo de producción en el efecto que las prácticas agrícolas para el control de plagas tienen sobre el ambiente. El principal responsable del impacto ambiental fue el glifosato. Se plantea la necesidad de un cambio de ética y valores en la sociedad para transitar hacia una cultura de la sostenibilidad.
Pesticide use is questioned for its effects on non-target organisms and contamination of different environmental compartments. The different land uses, different crops or different model productions, determine different impacts from pesticide use. The production systems changes in Tres Arroyos district justify analyze these aspects in different productive alternatives. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of pesticide use of wheat/soybean, rapeseed/soybean and barley/soybean sequences grown under two production models (mean and high technological level) in two environmentally different areas (shallow and deep soil zones) in Tres Arroyos district.
The "coefficient of environmental impact of pesticides" and its "assessment of use field" were used to assess the impact associated with pesticide use. Rapeseed/soybean sequence showed greater impact, possibly by a smaller ecological adaptation of crops that compose it. In the mean technological level, barley/soybean and wheat/soybean had very low impacts with respect to rapeseed/soybean sequence, but with high technology, the three sequences increased their impact at similar levels. This showed the relevance of the production model as determinant of the effect that agricultural practices for pest control have on the environment. Glyphosate was the main responsible for the environmental impact. The need for a change of ethics and values in society to move towards a culture of sustainability arises.Políticas públicas de promoción de plantaciones forestales comerciales: los casos del Valle de Calamuchita (Córdoba) y de la región de Virasoro (Corrientes)Denegri, Gerardo AndrésAcciaresi, GustavoAguerre, Martínhttp://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/618632019-11-13T20:03:12Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZArticulo
Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía; vol. 116, no. 1
Este trabajo identifica y evalúa el impacto de los factores que causaron la disparidad en el desarrollo forestal basado en plantaciones generadas mediante la aplicación de diferentes regímenes de promoción en dos regiones: la cuenca forestal del noreste de la provincia de Corrientes y la del Valle de Calamuchita, provincia de Córdoba. Se aplicó el método comparativo, relacionando las causas que determinan el grado de desarrollo forestal mediante indicadores cuantitativos. Se recolectó la información mediante cuestionarios, entrevistas semiestructuradas y recopilación bibliográfica. Se analizó y discutió el marco normativo, las políticas aplicadas, las condiciones ecológicas y los modelos de manejo forestal, los aspectos económicos y los principales actores.
Estas variables se relacionaron con la evolución de la superficie forestada (total y anual), la extracción de rollizos, el grado de desarrollo de las empresas de la cadena y cantidad de puestos de trabajo directos generados. Se concluye que estos indicadores permitieron caracterizar y confirmar la disparidad en el desarrollo alcanzado por las dos regiones, aportando un primer indicio de que la aplicación de un único objetivo de promoción en todo el territorio nacional acentúa las ventajas comparativas regionales. Los criterios para el diseño y aplicación de nuevos instrumentos de promoción deberían abordar tres aspectos: los paradigmas de promoción, sus instrumentos y el alcance territorial de las intervenciones del Estado.; This paper identifies and evaluates the impact of the factors that caused the disparity in forest development based on generated afforestation by applying different economic incentives in two regions: Calamuchita Valley province of Cordoba and Virasoro region province of Corrientes. The comparative method was applied, relating the causes that determine the degree of forest development with quantitative indicators. The information was collected through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and bibliography. The document analyzes and discusses the regulatory framework and policies implemented, ecological conditions and forest management models, economic aspects and the behaviour of main actors. These variables were related to the evolution of the (total and annual) forest area, lumber production, development of chain companies and number of direct jobs generated. These indicators confirmed the disparity in development reached by the two regions, providing a first evidence that the application of a single instrument for the promotion throughout national territory accentuates regional comparative advantages. The criteria for designing and applying development politics should address three aspects: promotion paradigms, the instruments and the territorial scope of state intervention.
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZEste trabajo identifica y evalúa el impacto de los factores que causaron la disparidad en el desarrollo forestal basado en plantaciones generadas mediante la aplicación de diferentes regímenes de promoción en dos regiones: la cuenca forestal del noreste de la provincia de Corrientes y la del Valle de Calamuchita, provincia de Córdoba. Se aplicó el método comparativo, relacionando las causas que determinan el grado de desarrollo forestal mediante indicadores cuantitativos. Se recolectó la información mediante cuestionarios, entrevistas semiestructuradas y recopilación bibliográfica. Se analizó y discutió el marco normativo, las políticas aplicadas, las condiciones ecológicas y los modelos de manejo forestal, los aspectos económicos y los principales actores.
Estas variables se relacionaron con la evolución de la superficie forestada (total y anual), la extracción de rollizos, el grado de desarrollo de las empresas de la cadena y cantidad de puestos de trabajo directos generados. Se concluye que estos indicadores permitieron caracterizar y confirmar la disparidad en el desarrollo alcanzado por las dos regiones, aportando un primer indicio de que la aplicación de un único objetivo de promoción en todo el territorio nacional acentúa las ventajas comparativas regionales. Los criterios para el diseño y aplicación de nuevos instrumentos de promoción deberían abordar tres aspectos: los paradigmas de promoción, sus instrumentos y el alcance territorial de las intervenciones del Estado.
This paper identifies and evaluates the impact of the factors that caused the disparity in forest development based on generated afforestation by applying different economic incentives in two regions: Calamuchita Valley province of Cordoba and Virasoro region province of Corrientes. The comparative method was applied, relating the causes that determine the degree of forest development with quantitative indicators. The information was collected through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and bibliography. The document analyzes and discusses the regulatory framework and policies implemented, ecological conditions and forest management models, economic aspects and the behaviour of main actors. These variables were related to the evolution of the (total and annual) forest area, lumber production, development of chain companies and number of direct jobs generated. These indicators confirmed the disparity in development reached by the two regions, providing a first evidence that the application of a single instrument for the promotion throughout national territory accentuates regional comparative advantages. The criteria for designing and applying development politics should address three aspects: promotion paradigms, the instruments and the territorial scope of state intervention.Germinación y residuos de plaguicida en semillas de coriandro <i>(Coriandrum sativum L.)</i> cultivadas con aplicación de glifosato y paraquat en precosechaAquilano, ClaudioRicca, AlejandraFonti, AnaBazzigalupi, Omarhttp://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/618612019-11-13T20:03:09Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZArticulo
Germination and residue of pesticide in coriander seeds <i>(Coriandrum sativum L.)</i> cultivated with pre-harvest application of glyphosate and paraquat
Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía; vol. 116, no. 1
Es conocida la aplicación de desecantes, para acelerar y uniformizar el secado del cultivo de coriandro y de las malezas, que facilitan la cosecha de semillas. Para conocer sus efectos sobre el poder germinativo y determinar el contenido de residuos de plaguicidas en semillas, se evaluaron glifosato y paraquat, aplicados en semillas con 62 y 47% de humedad (H), cosechadas con H<12%. Los ensayos de germinación fueron realizados según ISTA (International Seed Testing Association) y los residuos analizados por LC-MS/MS (cromatografía líquida/espectrometría de masas) previa extracción por el método de análisis de pesticidas altamente polares, EURL-SRM QuPPe-Method (modificado). El diseño experimental de campo fue en franjas. La dinámica del contenido de H de la semilla con paraquat temprano mostró un secado rápido mientras que la de glifosato temprano acompañó al control y la del tardío demoró la pérdida de humedad. Las aplicaciones tempranas de ambos herbicidas causaron pérdida de plántulas normales; aumentaron significativamente las semillas muertas (40%) con paraquat temprano y las plántulas anormales (19%) con glifosato tardío. Glifosato produjo semillas con residuos de Gly (glifosato sin metabolizar) de 700 y 1200 y AMPA (ácido amino metil fosfónico) de 500 y 1200 μg/kg para las aplicaciones temprana y tardía respectivamente. Paraquat produjo semillas sin residuos de herbicida. Los tratamientos con glifosato producen semillas con residuos que superan los límites máximos impuestos por la Argentina y varios países agroimportadores. Se deberán definir las tecnologías de cosecha de coriandro que preserven la inocuidad del alimento y la calidad de la semilla.; The application of crop desiccants is a practice that facilitates the harvest of coriander seeds accelerating the drying of crops and weeds. Nevertheless, their effects on seed germination and safety are unknown. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of glyphosate and paraquat, applied to seeds crop with 62 and 47 % of water content. Seeds were harvested with less than 12% seed water content. Seed germination was evaluated according to ISTA Rules (International Seed Testing Association) and the residue analyzed by LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry) prior extraction by the method of analysis of highly polar pesticides, EURLSRM QuPPe-Method (modified). Field experimental design was a plots in strips. Germination results were submitted to ANOVA and means comparisons by tukey (P<0.05). Changes in seed moisture showed quick drying in early paraquat application while early glyphosate application accompanied the control. Later glyphosate application delayed the loss of moisture. Early applications of both herbicides caused loss of normal seedlings; significantly increased dead seeds (40%) with early paraquat and abnormal seedlings (19%) with late glyphosate.
Glyphosate produced seeds containing Gly (glyphosate unmetabolized) 700 and 1200, AMPA’s (amino methyl phosphonic acid) 500 and 1200 μg/kg for applications early and late respectively. Paraquat produced seeds without herbicide residues. Treatments with glyphosate produced seed with residues exceeding the limit of Argentine and several importer countries. It must be defined the coriander’s harvest technologies that preserve the food’s safety and seed’s quality.
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZEs conocida la aplicación de desecantes, para acelerar y uniformizar el secado del cultivo de coriandro y de las malezas, que facilitan la cosecha de semillas. Para conocer sus efectos sobre el poder germinativo y determinar el contenido de residuos de plaguicidas en semillas, se evaluaron glifosato y paraquat, aplicados en semillas con 62 y 47% de humedad (H), cosechadas con H<12%. Los ensayos de germinación fueron realizados según ISTA (International Seed Testing Association) y los residuos analizados por LC-MS/MS (cromatografía líquida/espectrometría de masas) previa extracción por el método de análisis de pesticidas altamente polares, EURL-SRM QuPPe-Method (modificado). El diseño experimental de campo fue en franjas. La dinámica del contenido de H de la semilla con paraquat temprano mostró un secado rápido mientras que la de glifosato temprano acompañó al control y la del tardío demoró la pérdida de humedad. Las aplicaciones tempranas de ambos herbicidas causaron pérdida de plántulas normales; aumentaron significativamente las semillas muertas (40%) con paraquat temprano y las plántulas anormales (19%) con glifosato tardío. Glifosato produjo semillas con residuos de Gly (glifosato sin metabolizar) de 700 y 1200 y AMPA (ácido amino metil fosfónico) de 500 y 1200 μg/kg para las aplicaciones temprana y tardía respectivamente. Paraquat produjo semillas sin residuos de herbicida. Los tratamientos con glifosato producen semillas con residuos que superan los límites máximos impuestos por la Argentina y varios países agroimportadores. Se deberán definir las tecnologías de cosecha de coriandro que preserven la inocuidad del alimento y la calidad de la semilla.
The application of crop desiccants is a practice that facilitates the harvest of coriander seeds accelerating the drying of crops and weeds. Nevertheless, their effects on seed germination and safety are unknown. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of glyphosate and paraquat, applied to seeds crop with 62 and 47 % of water content. Seeds were harvested with less than 12% seed water content. Seed germination was evaluated according to ISTA Rules (International Seed Testing Association) and the residue analyzed by LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry) prior extraction by the method of analysis of highly polar pesticides, EURLSRM QuPPe-Method (modified). Field experimental design was a plots in strips. Germination results were submitted to ANOVA and means comparisons by tukey (P<0.05). Changes in seed moisture showed quick drying in early paraquat application while early glyphosate application accompanied the control. Later glyphosate application delayed the loss of moisture. Early applications of both herbicides caused loss of normal seedlings; significantly increased dead seeds (40%) with early paraquat and abnormal seedlings (19%) with late glyphosate.
Glyphosate produced seeds containing Gly (glyphosate unmetabolized) 700 and 1200, AMPA’s (amino methyl phosphonic acid) 500 and 1200 μg/kg for applications early and late respectively. Paraquat produced seeds without herbicide residues. Treatments with glyphosate produced seed with residues exceeding the limit of Argentine and several importer countries. It must be defined the coriander’s harvest technologies that preserve the food’s safety and seed’s quality.Lixiviação do herbicida imazaquin associado ao paraquat ou glyphosate em plantio diretoNunes, Anderson LuisVidal, Ribas Antoniohttp://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/618312019-11-13T20:03:04Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZArticulo
Leaching of the herbicide imazaquin associated to paraquat or glyphosate in no-tillage system
Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía; vol. 116, no. 1
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a lixiviação do herbicida residual imazaquin associado ou aplicado sequencialmente com os herbicidas dessecantes paraquat ou glyphosate quando aplicados sobre cobertura vegetal. O trabalho foi realizado a campo na Estação Experimental Agronômica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (EEA/UFRGS) em área de plantio direto, e em câmara de crescimento da Faculdade de Agronomia da UFRGS sob Argissolo Vermelho Distrófico típico, contendo 28% de argila. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos distribuídos em parcelas subdivididas. Nas parcelas principais, foram alocados os herbicidas dessecantes paraquat (600 g ha-1) ou glyphosate (720 g ha-1); nas subparcelas o herbicida residual imazaquin (300 g ha-1) associado ou aplicado sequencialmente aos herbicidas dessecantes, assim como uma testemunha contendo apenas herbicida dessecante, sem aplicação do herbicida residual. A lixiviação do imazaquin não foi diferente em função da presença do glyphosate ou paraquat quando aplicado sobre a cobertura vegetal. Não houve diferença na lixiviação do imazaquin em função da aplicação em associação ou sequencial ao dessecante. A concentração biodisponível no solo aos 25 dias após a aplicação foi maior entre 2 e 8 cm de profundidade. Nesse sentido, o herbicida imazaquin apresentou baixa capacidade de lixiviação.; The objective of this work was to evaluate the leaching of the residual herbicide imazaquin when applied simultaneously or in sequence to non-selective herbicides paraquat and glyphosate. In the present work we evaluated, under field conditions at the Estação Experimental Agronômica of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (EEA/UFRGS), in no-till area, and in the growing chamber of the Faculdade de Agronomia of the UFRGS under Argissolo Vermelho Distrófico típico (Ultisol) contend 28% of clay. The experimental design used was the random blocks with four repetitions, being the treatments distributed in subdivided plots. The nonselective herbicides were placed in the main plots (paraquat, 600 g ha-1 or glyphosate 720 g ha-1), the residual herbicide imazaquin (300 g ha-1) were applied in the subplots associated or sequentially to the non-selective herbicides. The control treatment consisted of non-selective herbicide, without application of the residual herbicide. The presence of non-selective herbicides didn’t affect the leaching of the residual herbicide when applied on cover crop. There is no difference between associated and sequential application of the non-selective herbicides on the leaching of imazaquin. The bioavailable concentration in soil collected 25 days after the application was highest among 2-8 cm depth. In this sense, the herbicide imazaquin has low leaching capacity.
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZO objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a lixiviação do herbicida residual imazaquin associado ou aplicado sequencialmente com os herbicidas dessecantes paraquat ou glyphosate quando aplicados sobre cobertura vegetal. O trabalho foi realizado a campo na Estação Experimental Agronômica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (EEA/UFRGS) em área de plantio direto, e em câmara de crescimento da Faculdade de Agronomia da UFRGS sob Argissolo Vermelho Distrófico típico, contendo 28% de argila. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos distribuídos em parcelas subdivididas. Nas parcelas principais, foram alocados os herbicidas dessecantes paraquat (600 g ha-1) ou glyphosate (720 g ha-1); nas subparcelas o herbicida residual imazaquin (300 g ha-1) associado ou aplicado sequencialmente aos herbicidas dessecantes, assim como uma testemunha contendo apenas herbicida dessecante, sem aplicação do herbicida residual. A lixiviação do imazaquin não foi diferente em função da presença do glyphosate ou paraquat quando aplicado sobre a cobertura vegetal. Não houve diferença na lixiviação do imazaquin em função da aplicação em associação ou sequencial ao dessecante. A concentração biodisponível no solo aos 25 dias após a aplicação foi maior entre 2 e 8 cm de profundidade. Nesse sentido, o herbicida imazaquin apresentou baixa capacidade de lixiviação.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the leaching of the residual herbicide imazaquin when applied simultaneously or in sequence to non-selective herbicides paraquat and glyphosate. In the present work we evaluated, under field conditions at the Estação Experimental Agronômica of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (EEA/UFRGS), in no-till area, and in the growing chamber of the Faculdade de Agronomia of the UFRGS under Argissolo Vermelho Distrófico típico (Ultisol) contend 28% of clay. The experimental design used was the random blocks with four repetitions, being the treatments distributed in subdivided plots. The nonselective herbicides were placed in the main plots (paraquat, 600 g ha-1 or glyphosate 720 g ha-1), the residual herbicide imazaquin (300 g ha-1) were applied in the subplots associated or sequentially to the non-selective herbicides. The control treatment consisted of non-selective herbicide, without application of the residual herbicide. The presence of non-selective herbicides didn’t affect the leaching of the residual herbicide when applied on cover crop. There is no difference between associated and sequential application of the non-selective herbicides on the leaching of imazaquin. The bioavailable concentration in soil collected 25 days after the application was highest among 2-8 cm depth. In this sense, the herbicide imazaquin has low leaching capacity.Reutilização de resíduos regionais como substratos na produção de mudas de cultivares de alface a partir de sementes com e sem peletizaçãoBrito, Leonardo P. da S.Beckmann-Cavalcante, Márkilla Z.Amaral, Genilda C.Silva, Alcilane ArnaldoAvelino, Rodrigo C.http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/618302019-11-13T20:03:09Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZArticulo
Reuse of regional residues as substrate for production of seedlings of lettuce cultivares proceeding from non and with pelleted seeds
Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía; vol. 116, no. 1
O objetivo do trabalho consistiu em avaliar o desenvolvimento de mudas de diferentes cultivares de alface oriundas de sementes não peletizadas e peletizadas, cultivadas em diferentes substratos hortícolas. O experimento foi conduzido sob telado com 50% de sombreamento. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em esquema fatorial 2x3x5, referentes à dois tipos de sementes (não peletizadas e peletizadas), três cultivares de alface (‘Delicía’, ‘Babá de Verão’ e ‘Itapuã 401’) e cinco substratos, sendo eles, substrato comercial (vermiculita); paú de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa); resíduo de carnaúba (Copernicia prunifera) + casca de arroz (Oriza sativa); resíduo de carnaúba em pó e resíduo de carnaúba semidecomposto. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Na execução do experimento foram registrados: porcentagem de emergência das plântulas e índice de velocidade de emergência. Ao término, foram determinados altura da parte aérea das mudas; número de folhas; comprimento da maior raiz; volume de raízes; massa seca da parte aérea e das raízes; estabilidade do torrão; e, área foliar. Sementes peletizadas proporcionam melhor formação e desenvolvimento de mudas de alface. As cultivares ‘Delícia’, ‘Babá de Verão’ e ‘Itapuã 401’ são influenciados pelo tipo de semente e substrato. O material resíduo de carnaúba com casca de arroz (RCCA) pode ser utilizado para produção de mudas de alface com qualidade, sendo um substituto ao substrato comercial.; The objective of this work was to evaluate development of seedlings of different lettuce cultivars proceeding from non pelleted and pelleted seeds, grown in different substrates. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse with 50% shade. The treatments resulting from a factorial design 2x3x5, corresponding to two types of seeds (non pelleted and pelleted), three lettuce cultivars (‘Delicía’, ‘Babá de Verão’ and ‘Itapuã 401’) and five substrates, namely, commercial substrate (vermiculite); ‘paú’ of Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa); carnauba residue (Copernicia prunifera) + rice husk (Oryza sativa); carnauba residue powder and partially decayed carnauba residue. The experimental design was a randomized block with three replicates. During the conduction of the experiment emergence percentage and seedling emergence speed index were recorded. At the end, the following parameters were determined: the aerial part of the seedlings height; leaves number; roots length; root volume; shoots and roots dry weight; stability turf and leaf area. Pelleted seeds provide better formation and development of lettuce seedlings. Cultivars ‘Delicía’, ‘Babá de Verão’ and ‘Itapuã 401’are influenced by the type of seed and substrate. The carnauba residue plus rice husk material (RCCA) can be used for producing quality lettuce seedlings, resulting in a substitute for commercial substrate.
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZO objetivo do trabalho consistiu em avaliar o desenvolvimento de mudas de diferentes cultivares de alface oriundas de sementes não peletizadas e peletizadas, cultivadas em diferentes substratos hortícolas. O experimento foi conduzido sob telado com 50% de sombreamento. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em esquema fatorial 2x3x5, referentes à dois tipos de sementes (não peletizadas e peletizadas), três cultivares de alface (‘Delicía’, ‘Babá de Verão’ e ‘Itapuã 401’) e cinco substratos, sendo eles, substrato comercial (vermiculita); paú de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa); resíduo de carnaúba (Copernicia prunifera) + casca de arroz (Oriza sativa); resíduo de carnaúba em pó e resíduo de carnaúba semidecomposto. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Na execução do experimento foram registrados: porcentagem de emergência das plântulas e índice de velocidade de emergência. Ao término, foram determinados altura da parte aérea das mudas; número de folhas; comprimento da maior raiz; volume de raízes; massa seca da parte aérea e das raízes; estabilidade do torrão; e, área foliar. Sementes peletizadas proporcionam melhor formação e desenvolvimento de mudas de alface. As cultivares ‘Delícia’, ‘Babá de Verão’ e ‘Itapuã 401’ são influenciados pelo tipo de semente e substrato. O material resíduo de carnaúba com casca de arroz (RCCA) pode ser utilizado para produção de mudas de alface com qualidade, sendo um substituto ao substrato comercial.
The objective of this work was to evaluate development of seedlings of different lettuce cultivars proceeding from non pelleted and pelleted seeds, grown in different substrates. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse with 50% shade. The treatments resulting from a factorial design 2x3x5, corresponding to two types of seeds (non pelleted and pelleted), three lettuce cultivars (‘Delicía’, ‘Babá de Verão’ and ‘Itapuã 401’) and five substrates, namely, commercial substrate (vermiculite); ‘paú’ of Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa); carnauba residue (Copernicia prunifera) + rice husk (Oryza sativa); carnauba residue powder and partially decayed carnauba residue. The experimental design was a randomized block with three replicates. During the conduction of the experiment emergence percentage and seedling emergence speed index were recorded. At the end, the following parameters were determined: the aerial part of the seedlings height; leaves number; roots length; root volume; shoots and roots dry weight; stability turf and leaf area. Pelleted seeds provide better formation and development of lettuce seedlings. Cultivars ‘Delicía’, ‘Babá de Verão’ and ‘Itapuã 401’are influenced by the type of seed and substrate. The carnauba residue plus rice husk material (RCCA) can be used for producing quality lettuce seedlings, resulting in a substitute for commercial substrate.Efeitos de temperaturas, recipientes e substratos no desenvolvimento de <i>Brassica rapa</i> subsp. <i>nipposinica</i>Feitosa, Felipe R. C.Guimarães, Marcelo de A.Hendges, Ana Régia A.Silva, Bruno d. N.Takane, Roberto J.http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/618282019-11-13T20:02:59Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZArticulo
Effects of temperatures, containers and substrate in the development of <i>Brassica rapa</i> subsp. <i>nipposinica</i>
Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía; vol. 116, no. 1
O presente trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar a influência da temperatura na germinação de sementes e no desenvolvimento de plântulas em recipientes e substratos; e, quantificar os custos de produção das mudas de couve mizuna (Brassica rapa subsp. e nipposinica (L.H. Bailey) Hanelt). Para tal, realizou-se quatro experimentos. No primeiro, determinou-se a temperatura ótima para obtenção do maior percentual e velocidade de germinação. No segundo estudou-se: percentual e índice de velocidade de emergência de plântulas normais emergidas em bandejas de quatro diferentes volumes combinadas com cinco substratos. Para o terceiro e quarto experimentos, avaliou-se o comportamento das mudas ao longo de diferentes datas (23, 33 e 43 dias após a semeadura), sob os diferentes recipientes e substratos avaliados. Nesses últimos, foram analisados aspectos fitotécnicos, índice de qualidade de Dickson e custo de produção por muda. Para todos os experimentos utilizouse o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. A temperatura de 23,5° C foi a que possibilitou o maior percentual de germinação. O substrato contendo 60% de húmus de minhoca, 20% fibra de coco e 20% de vermiculita proporcionou os maiores percentuais de emergência em bandejas de 162 células e maior índice de velocidade de emergência nas de 450. O recipiente de 162 células possibilitou a aquisição de mudas de melhor qualidade, entretanto, no recipiente de 450 células obteve-se mudas de menor custo, que se transplantadas mais precocemente, 35 DAS, podem ser indicadas para a produção de mudas de mizuna em combinação com a formulação de substrato previamente citada.; This study aimed to evaluate the influence of temperature on seed germination and seedling development in containers and substrates, as well as quantify the costs of the production of mizuna (Brassica rapa subsp. e nipposinica (L.H. Bailey) Hanelt) seedlings. For this four experiments were conducted. At first, we determined the optimal temperature for obtaining the best percentage and germination. Then, we studied the percentage of normal seedlings emerged and speed index of mizuna in four different trays combined with five substrates. For the third and fourth experiments, the behavior of plants was evaluated over different times (23, 33 and 43 days after sowing) under different containers and substrates. In these latter were quantified phytotechnical aspects, Dickson quality index and cost of production per seedling. For all experiments we used the randomized block design with four replicates. The temperature of 23.5° C was the one that allowed the highest percentage of germination. The substrate containing 60% earthworm humus, 20% coconut fiber and 20% vermiculite provided the highest percentage of emergency in 162 cells and increased speed index emergence in 450 trays. The container with 162 cells enabled the acquisition of better-quality seedlings, however, the container with 450 cells was the one that yielded the least cost seedlings that if transplanted earlier, 35 DAS may be suitable for producing seedlings of mizuna in combination with substrate formulation mentioned previously.
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZO presente trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar a influência da temperatura na germinação de sementes e no desenvolvimento de plântulas em recipientes e substratos; e, quantificar os custos de produção das mudas de couve mizuna (Brassica rapa subsp. e nipposinica (L.H. Bailey) Hanelt). Para tal, realizou-se quatro experimentos. No primeiro, determinou-se a temperatura ótima para obtenção do maior percentual e velocidade de germinação. No segundo estudou-se: percentual e índice de velocidade de emergência de plântulas normais emergidas em bandejas de quatro diferentes volumes combinadas com cinco substratos. Para o terceiro e quarto experimentos, avaliou-se o comportamento das mudas ao longo de diferentes datas (23, 33 e 43 dias após a semeadura), sob os diferentes recipientes e substratos avaliados. Nesses últimos, foram analisados aspectos fitotécnicos, índice de qualidade de Dickson e custo de produção por muda. Para todos os experimentos utilizouse o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. A temperatura de 23,5° C foi a que possibilitou o maior percentual de germinação. O substrato contendo 60% de húmus de minhoca, 20% fibra de coco e 20% de vermiculita proporcionou os maiores percentuais de emergência em bandejas de 162 células e maior índice de velocidade de emergência nas de 450. O recipiente de 162 células possibilitou a aquisição de mudas de melhor qualidade, entretanto, no recipiente de 450 células obteve-se mudas de menor custo, que se transplantadas mais precocemente, 35 DAS, podem ser indicadas para a produção de mudas de mizuna em combinação com a formulação de substrato previamente citada.
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of temperature on seed germination and seedling development in containers and substrates, as well as quantify the costs of the production of mizuna (Brassica rapa subsp. e nipposinica (L.H. Bailey) Hanelt) seedlings. For this four experiments were conducted. At first, we determined the optimal temperature for obtaining the best percentage and germination. Then, we studied the percentage of normal seedlings emerged and speed index of mizuna in four different trays combined with five substrates. For the third and fourth experiments, the behavior of plants was evaluated over different times (23, 33 and 43 days after sowing) under different containers and substrates. In these latter were quantified phytotechnical aspects, Dickson quality index and cost of production per seedling. For all experiments we used the randomized block design with four replicates. The temperature of 23.5° C was the one that allowed the highest percentage of germination. The substrate containing 60% earthworm humus, 20% coconut fiber and 20% vermiculite provided the highest percentage of emergency in 162 cells and increased speed index emergence in 450 trays. The container with 162 cells enabled the acquisition of better-quality seedlings, however, the container with 450 cells was the one that yielded the least cost seedlings that if transplanted earlier, 35 DAS may be suitable for producing seedlings of mizuna in combination with substrate formulation mentioned previously.Numerical quality rating of a Yellow Latosol under an integrated croplivestock systemAraújo, Fernando S.Leite, Luiz Fernando C.Souza, Zigomar M.Araújo, Ademir Sergio F.Siqueira, Diego S.Tavares, Rose Luiza M.http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/618262019-11-13T20:03:04Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZArticulo
Classificação numérica da qualidade de um Latossolo Amarelo sob sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária
Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía; vol. 116, no. 1
Ações antrópicas afetam a atmosfera da terra, despertando para uma consciência global sobre a necessidade de sistemas agrícolas sustentáveis. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar índices de sustentabilidade do solo para um sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária em um Latossolo Amarelo do cerrado brasileiro no Piauí, utilizando uma classificação numérica. Foram estudados três sistemas de manejo do solo: preparo convencional (PC) com disco de arado e grade pesada em cultivo de soja; plantio direto com rotação de milho soja e milheto como cobertura viva (NT + M); e dois sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária, um com cinco meses, em pastagens e cultivo de soja (ICL + S) e outro com pastejo contínuo (ICL + P). Uma área sob mata nativa (NF) foi avaliado, como um solo sob condições naturais. Propriedades físicas, químicas e biológicas foram avaliadas no 0,00-0,05 m camada. Na análise de componentes principais, os ambientes ICL + S e ICL + P foram classificados como um único grupo, e pode ser caracterizados pelas propriedades de carbono orgânico no solo, reservatórios de carbono e nitrogênio no solo, o nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana, e total de nitrogênio. A propriedade do solo que melhor caracterizou o ambiente CT foi a atividade da enzima FDA (hidrolisa acetato). As propriedades que melhor caracterizam o ambiente NF são a capacidade de troca catiônica, carbono da biomassa microbiana, microporosidade, índice de estabilidade de agregados, diâmetro médio geométrico e percentagem de agregados estáveis> 2,00 milímetros.; Anthropic action is affecting the Earth's atmosphere, awakening a global awareness about the need for sustainable farming systems. The objective of this study was to determine indices of soil sustainability for an integrated crop-livestock system in a Yellow Latosol of the Brazilian Cerrado in Piauí by using a numerical rating.
Three systems of soil management were studied: an area under conventional tillage (CT) with plow disk and heavy harrow and soybean cultivation; an area under no-tillage with soybean-maize rotation and millet as a cover crop (NT+M); and two areas under an Integrated Crop-Livestock System, one with five-month pasture grazing and soybean cultivation and the other with continuous pasture grazing (ICL + S and ICL + P, respectively). An area under Native Forest (NF) was evaluated as well as a soil under natural conditions. The physical, chemical, and biological properties were evaluated in the 0.00-0.05 m layer. The environments ICL + S and ICL + P were classified as a single group, and can be characterized by the properties soil organic carbon, soil carbon and nitrogen pools, microbial biomass nitrogen, and total soil N. The property that best characterizes the CT environment is enzyme activity FDA (Fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis). The properties that best characterize the NF environment are cation exchange capacity, microbial biomass carbon, microporosity, aggregate stability index, geometric mean diameter, and percentage of stable >2.00 mm aggregates.
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZAções antrópicas afetam a atmosfera da terra, despertando para uma consciência global sobre a necessidade de sistemas agrícolas sustentáveis. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar índices de sustentabilidade do solo para um sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária em um Latossolo Amarelo do cerrado brasileiro no Piauí, utilizando uma classificação numérica. Foram estudados três sistemas de manejo do solo: preparo convencional (PC) com disco de arado e grade pesada em cultivo de soja; plantio direto com rotação de milho soja e milheto como cobertura viva (NT + M); e dois sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária, um com cinco meses, em pastagens e cultivo de soja (ICL + S) e outro com pastejo contínuo (ICL + P). Uma área sob mata nativa (NF) foi avaliado, como um solo sob condições naturais. Propriedades físicas, químicas e biológicas foram avaliadas no 0,00-0,05 m camada. Na análise de componentes principais, os ambientes ICL + S e ICL + P foram classificados como um único grupo, e pode ser caracterizados pelas propriedades de carbono orgânico no solo, reservatórios de carbono e nitrogênio no solo, o nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana, e total de nitrogênio. A propriedade do solo que melhor caracterizou o ambiente CT foi a atividade da enzima FDA (hidrolisa acetato). As propriedades que melhor caracterizam o ambiente NF são a capacidade de troca catiônica, carbono da biomassa microbiana, microporosidade, índice de estabilidade de agregados, diâmetro médio geométrico e percentagem de agregados estáveis> 2,00 milímetros.
Anthropic action is affecting the Earth's atmosphere, awakening a global awareness about the need for sustainable farming systems. The objective of this study was to determine indices of soil sustainability for an integrated crop-livestock system in a Yellow Latosol of the Brazilian Cerrado in Piauí by using a numerical rating.
Three systems of soil management were studied: an area under conventional tillage (CT) with plow disk and heavy harrow and soybean cultivation; an area under no-tillage with soybean-maize rotation and millet as a cover crop (NT+M); and two areas under an Integrated Crop-Livestock System, one with five-month pasture grazing and soybean cultivation and the other with continuous pasture grazing (ICL + S and ICL + P, respectively). An area under Native Forest (NF) was evaluated as well as a soil under natural conditions. The physical, chemical, and biological properties were evaluated in the 0.00-0.05 m layer. The environments ICL + S and ICL + P were classified as a single group, and can be characterized by the properties soil organic carbon, soil carbon and nitrogen pools, microbial biomass nitrogen, and total soil N. The property that best characterizes the CT environment is enzyme activity FDA (Fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis). The properties that best characterize the NF environment are cation exchange capacity, microbial biomass carbon, microporosity, aggregate stability index, geometric mean diameter, and percentage of stable >2.00 mm aggregates.Conteúdo lipídico e biomassa de Chlorella homosphaera cultivada de modo heterotrófico sob diferentes concentrações de carbono e nitrogênioPires Ferreira, ShanaVieira Costa, Jorge Albertohttp://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/617852019-11-13T20:03:15Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZArticulo
Lipid content and Chlorella homosphaera biomass grown under heterotrophic conditions and different carbon and nitrogen concentrations
Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía; vol. 116, no. 1
O crescente interesse no estudo do cultivo de microalgas tem sido realizado visando á produção de biomassa tanto para uso na elaboração de alimentos quanto para a obtenção de compostos bioativos e medicinais com alto valor no mercado mundial. Estes são empregados especialmente no desenvolvimento de alimentos funcionais, por suas propriedades nutricionais e farmacêuticas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da concentração das fontes de carbono (glicose, C6H12O6) e nitrogênio (N-NO3) no crescimento heterotrófico e na produtividade lipídica da microalga Chlorella homosphaera. O planejamento fatorial fracionário utilizado foi do tipo 32, o qual totaliza 9 combinações, das quais foram utilizadas apenas 5 combinações sendo uma delas em triplicata. Os fatores de estudo foram as concentrações de glicose (5, 10 e 15 g.L-1) e de N-NO3 (82,5; 165 e 247,5 mg.L-1) e as respostas analisadas foram as concentrações de lipídeos totais e de biomassa. O cultivo realizado com 5 g.L-1 de glicose e 247,5 mg.L-1 de N-NO3 foi o que apresentou maior produção de biomassa (1,22 g.L-1) e maior produtividade lipídica (13,07 mg.L-1.d-1), com predominância dos ácidos graxos palmítico (C16:0 - 23,6 %p/p) e linoléico (C18:1n9 - 22,4 %p/p). A interação entre a concentração de glicose e de N-NO3 influenciou significativamente as respostas concentração de lipídeos totais e a concentração máxima de biomassa. A microalga em estudo produziu a maior concentração de lipídeos quando cultivada com a menor concentração de glicose associada a maior concentração de nitrogênio do planejamento experimental, o que é muito promissor para a indústria.; The increasing interest in the study of microalgae cultivation has been oriented to biomass production in order to use it in food preparation, as well as in bioactive compounds with high medicinal value in the world markets. They are especially used in functional food development, owing to their nutritional and pharmaceutical properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of the carbon source (glucose) and nitrogen source (N-NO3) in heterotrophic growth and lipid productivity of microalga Chlorella homosphaera. The fractional factorial design used was of type 32, which offers 9 combinations, only 5 were used and one of them in triplicate.
The factors were glucose (5, 10 and 15 g.L-1) and N-NO3 (82.5; 165 and 247.5 mg.L-1) concentrations and the response variables were the total lipid and the biomass concentrations. The treatment with 5 g.L-1 of glucose and 247.5 mg.L-1 of N-NO3 showed the highest biomass yield (1.22 g.L-1) and the highest lipid productivity (13.07 mg.L-1.d-1), predominantly composed of palmitic (C16:0 - 23.6 %w/w) and linoleic (C18:1n9 - 22.4 %w/w) fatty acids. The interaction between the concentration of glucose and N-NO3 concentration influenced significantly the responses of total lipids and the maximum concentration of biomass. The microalga studied produced a higher concentration of lipids when grown with the lowest concentration of glucose associated with a higher concentration of nitrogen experimental design, which is very promising at the industrial.
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZO crescente interesse no estudo do cultivo de microalgas tem sido realizado visando á produção de biomassa tanto para uso na elaboração de alimentos quanto para a obtenção de compostos bioativos e medicinais com alto valor no mercado mundial. Estes são empregados especialmente no desenvolvimento de alimentos funcionais, por suas propriedades nutricionais e farmacêuticas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da concentração das fontes de carbono (glicose, C6H12O6) e nitrogênio (N-NO3) no crescimento heterotrófico e na produtividade lipídica da microalga Chlorella homosphaera. O planejamento fatorial fracionário utilizado foi do tipo 32, o qual totaliza 9 combinações, das quais foram utilizadas apenas 5 combinações sendo uma delas em triplicata. Os fatores de estudo foram as concentrações de glicose (5, 10 e 15 g.L-1) e de N-NO3 (82,5; 165 e 247,5 mg.L-1) e as respostas analisadas foram as concentrações de lipídeos totais e de biomassa. O cultivo realizado com 5 g.L-1 de glicose e 247,5 mg.L-1 de N-NO3 foi o que apresentou maior produção de biomassa (1,22 g.L-1) e maior produtividade lipídica (13,07 mg.L-1.d-1), com predominância dos ácidos graxos palmítico (C16:0 - 23,6 %p/p) e linoléico (C18:1n9 - 22,4 %p/p). A interação entre a concentração de glicose e de N-NO3 influenciou significativamente as respostas concentração de lipídeos totais e a concentração máxima de biomassa. A microalga em estudo produziu a maior concentração de lipídeos quando cultivada com a menor concentração de glicose associada a maior concentração de nitrogênio do planejamento experimental, o que é muito promissor para a indústria.
The increasing interest in the study of microalgae cultivation has been oriented to biomass production in order to use it in food preparation, as well as in bioactive compounds with high medicinal value in the world markets. They are especially used in functional food development, owing to their nutritional and pharmaceutical properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of the carbon source (glucose) and nitrogen source (N-NO3) in heterotrophic growth and lipid productivity of microalga Chlorella homosphaera. The fractional factorial design used was of type 32, which offers 9 combinations, only 5 were used and one of them in triplicate.
The factors were glucose (5, 10 and 15 g.L-1) and N-NO3 (82.5; 165 and 247.5 mg.L-1) concentrations and the response variables were the total lipid and the biomass concentrations. The treatment with 5 g.L-1 of glucose and 247.5 mg.L-1 of N-NO3 showed the highest biomass yield (1.22 g.L-1) and the highest lipid productivity (13.07 mg.L-1.d-1), predominantly composed of palmitic (C16:0 - 23.6 %w/w) and linoleic (C18:1n9 - 22.4 %w/w) fatty acids. The interaction between the concentration of glucose and N-NO3 concentration influenced significantly the responses of total lipids and the maximum concentration of biomass. The microalga studied produced a higher concentration of lipids when grown with the lowest concentration of glucose associated with a higher concentration of nitrogen experimental design, which is very promising at the industrial.Etnoconhecimento associado às amoreiras-brancas (Rubus spp.) ocorrentes na Floresta Ombrófila Mista, Santa Catarina, BrasilCouto Waltrich, CibelleBoff, PedroBoff, Mari Inês Caríssimihttp://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/617832019-11-13T20:02:57Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZArticulo
Ethno-knowledge of greenberries (Rubus spp.) growing in the “Ombrófila Mista” forest of Santa Catarina State, Brazil
Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía; vol. 116, no. 1
Amoreiras-brancas (Rubus spp.) são espécies frutíferas nativas da Floresta Ombrófila Mista, ecossistema predominante no Sul do Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi sistematizar o etnoconhecimento associado ás amoreiras-brancas. Foram abordados os seguintes aspectos: histórico e potencial de uso de amoreiras-brancas, aspectos socioeconômicos dos informantes, nome comum da planta, manejo das plantas, formas de consumo, época de frutificação e sabor dos frutos. O estudo demonstrou serem os agricultores mantenedores de amoreiras-brancas. O uso mais frequente era na forma de frutos frescos e para chás de folhas, flores e raízes. A maioria dos entrevistados (32) utilizam a amoreira-branca como medicinal. Entre os informantes, trinta e quatro afirmavam que aprenderam sobre o uso de plantas medicinais com os pais, incluindo a amoreira-branca. Todos informantes tinham livre acesso ás plantas em suas propriedades ou em terreno de vizinhos e seis informantes não utilizavam/desconheciam a forma de uso medicinal da espécie. As indicações terapêuticas de maior uso da amoreira-branca foram: diabetes (27), colesterol (19) e pressão alta (9). A parte da planta mais citada para uso medicinal era a folha, com apenas uma citação para utilização de flores e raízes. O modo de administração se dava por via na forma de chá por infusão. O consumo in natura dos frutos era feito de forma eventual. Embora a espécie seja negligenciada pelos consumidores urbanos, a amoreira-branca pode se constituir em alternativa de renda para pequenos agricultores e fonte nutracêutica para residentes no Planalto Sul Catarinense, cultivando-a para produção de frutos, como planta ornamental e/ou medicinal.; Greenberries (Rubus spp.) are native fruit species from “Ombrofila Mista” a predominant ecosystem in the Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil. The aim of this study was to systematize the ethnoknowledge associated with greenberries. The questions addressed the following aspects: history and potential use of greenberries, socioeconomic aspects of the farmers, common name of the plant, management of plants, forms of consumption, time of fruiting and fruit flavor. The study showed that farmers are the maintainers of greenberries. The most common use was in the form of fresh fruits and teas of leaves, flowers and roots. The majority (32) of farmers used the greenberries plants as medicinal. Among the respondents, thirty-four said they learned about the use of medicinal plants with parents, including greenberries. All informants had free access to plants on their properties or land in neighboring. Six respondents not used / ignored the form of medicinal use of the specie. The most frequent therapeutic uses of greenberries were: diabetes (27), cholesterol (19) and blood high-pressure (9). The most mentioned plant part for medicinal use was the leave, with only a quote for the use of flowers and roots. The mode of administration was given through the form of tea infusion. The consumption of in natura fruits was eventually made. Although the species is neglected by urban consumers, the greenberries can be an alternative income for small farmers. It is a rich source nutraceutical and farmers do Planalto Sul Catarinense are able to cultivate it for fruit production, ornamental and / or medicinal plant.
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZAmoreiras-brancas (Rubus spp.) são espécies frutíferas nativas da Floresta Ombrófila Mista, ecossistema predominante no Sul do Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi sistematizar o etnoconhecimento associado ás amoreiras-brancas. Foram abordados os seguintes aspectos: histórico e potencial de uso de amoreiras-brancas, aspectos socioeconômicos dos informantes, nome comum da planta, manejo das plantas, formas de consumo, época de frutificação e sabor dos frutos. O estudo demonstrou serem os agricultores mantenedores de amoreiras-brancas. O uso mais frequente era na forma de frutos frescos e para chás de folhas, flores e raízes. A maioria dos entrevistados (32) utilizam a amoreira-branca como medicinal. Entre os informantes, trinta e quatro afirmavam que aprenderam sobre o uso de plantas medicinais com os pais, incluindo a amoreira-branca. Todos informantes tinham livre acesso ás plantas em suas propriedades ou em terreno de vizinhos e seis informantes não utilizavam/desconheciam a forma de uso medicinal da espécie. As indicações terapêuticas de maior uso da amoreira-branca foram: diabetes (27), colesterol (19) e pressão alta (9). A parte da planta mais citada para uso medicinal era a folha, com apenas uma citação para utilização de flores e raízes. O modo de administração se dava por via na forma de chá por infusão. O consumo in natura dos frutos era feito de forma eventual. Embora a espécie seja negligenciada pelos consumidores urbanos, a amoreira-branca pode se constituir em alternativa de renda para pequenos agricultores e fonte nutracêutica para residentes no Planalto Sul Catarinense, cultivando-a para produção de frutos, como planta ornamental e/ou medicinal.
Greenberries (Rubus spp.) are native fruit species from “Ombrofila Mista” a predominant ecosystem in the Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil. The aim of this study was to systematize the ethnoknowledge associated with greenberries. The questions addressed the following aspects: history and potential use of greenberries, socioeconomic aspects of the farmers, common name of the plant, management of plants, forms of consumption, time of fruiting and fruit flavor. The study showed that farmers are the maintainers of greenberries. The most common use was in the form of fresh fruits and teas of leaves, flowers and roots. The majority (32) of farmers used the greenberries plants as medicinal. Among the respondents, thirty-four said they learned about the use of medicinal plants with parents, including greenberries. All informants had free access to plants on their properties or land in neighboring. Six respondents not used / ignored the form of medicinal use of the specie. The most frequent therapeutic uses of greenberries were: diabetes (27), cholesterol (19) and blood high-pressure (9). The most mentioned plant part for medicinal use was the leave, with only a quote for the use of flowers and roots. The mode of administration was given through the form of tea infusion. The consumption of in natura fruits was eventually made. Although the species is neglected by urban consumers, the greenberries can be an alternative income for small farmers. It is a rich source nutraceutical and farmers do Planalto Sul Catarinense are able to cultivate it for fruit production, ornamental and / or medicinal plant.Densidad de la madera como variable integradora de la anatomía del leño: análisis de ramas y fuste en cuatro especies de <i>Eucalyptus</i>Monteoliva, Silvia EstelaBarotto, Antonio JoséAlarcón, PamelaTesón, NataliaFernández, María Elenahttp://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/617812019-11-13T20:03:00Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZArticulo
Wood density as an integrating variable of wood anatomy: analysis of branches and stem in four species of Eucalyptus
Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía; vol. 116, no. 1
El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la relación entre densidad aparente normal y la anatomía del xilema de ramas terminales y de tronco de cuatro especies de Eucalyptus L´Hér. (Myrtaceae) de importancia comercial, considerando a la anatomía como principal determinante de la funcionalidad de la madera. Se trabajó con material proveniente de ramas (n=30) y fuste (n=82) de ejemplares adultos de: E. grandis, E. camaldulensis, E. viminalis y E. globulus. Se determinaron la densidad de la madera y los caracteres anatómicos cuantitativos de vasos, fibras y proporción de tejidos (fibras, traqueidas vasicéntricas, vasos, radios y parénquima) en cortes histológicos y macerados en ambos tipos de órganos (ramas y tronco). La densidad difirió a nivel de fuste pero fue similar en las ramas al comparar las distintas especies. Según las relaciones halladas entre densidad y anatomía, mediante correlaciones y análisis de componentes principales, las tendencias no siempre siguieron patrones similares entre ramas y troncos. La densidad de la madera no resultó buen predictor de las distintas variables anatómicas individuales dentro de cada órgano. En el caso de las ramas, la densidad se reveló como una variable integradora de la fracción de lúmenes más que de las variables individuales de vasos (diámetro o número) o las asociadas a la fracción de pared (biometría de fibras y área ocupada). En cambio, en fuste, la densidad integró tanto la fracción de lúmenes (vasos), como la morfometría de fibras y porcentajes de tejidos. Es posible entonces hallar especies/genotipos de densidad similar dentro de este género pero con diferente composición/estructura anatómica.; The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between wood density and xylem anatomy of branches and stem of four commercial Eucalyptus L´Hér. (Myrtaceae) species, considering anatomy as the main determinant of xylem functionality. We worked with samples from branches (n = 30) and stem (n = 82) of four species of adult’s trees: E. grandis, E. camaldulensis, E. viminalis and E. globulus. The wood density and quantitative anatomical features of vessels, fibers and proportion of tissue (fibers, vasicentric tracheids, vessels, rays and parenchyma) in histological sections and macerated were determined in both organ types (stem and branches). The wood density of stem was different among species but it was similar in the branches. According to the relationships found between density and anatomy, using correlations and principal component analysis, trends not always followed similar patterns among branches and stem. The wood density was not a good predictor of the several individual anatomical variables within each organ considered. In the case of branches, the density was revealed as an integrating variable of fraction lumens more than the individual variables of vessels (diameter or number) or the associated wall fractions (biometrics of fibers and occupied area). In contrast, in stem, density integrated fraction lumens (vessels), including morphometry of fibers and tissue percentages. Then, it is possible to find species / genotypes of similar density in this genus but with different composition / anatomical structure.
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZEl objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la relación entre densidad aparente normal y la anatomía del xilema de ramas terminales y de tronco de cuatro especies de Eucalyptus L´Hér. (Myrtaceae) de importancia comercial, considerando a la anatomía como principal determinante de la funcionalidad de la madera. Se trabajó con material proveniente de ramas (n=30) y fuste (n=82) de ejemplares adultos de: E. grandis, E. camaldulensis, E. viminalis y E. globulus. Se determinaron la densidad de la madera y los caracteres anatómicos cuantitativos de vasos, fibras y proporción de tejidos (fibras, traqueidas vasicéntricas, vasos, radios y parénquima) en cortes histológicos y macerados en ambos tipos de órganos (ramas y tronco). La densidad difirió a nivel de fuste pero fue similar en las ramas al comparar las distintas especies. Según las relaciones halladas entre densidad y anatomía, mediante correlaciones y análisis de componentes principales, las tendencias no siempre siguieron patrones similares entre ramas y troncos. La densidad de la madera no resultó buen predictor de las distintas variables anatómicas individuales dentro de cada órgano. En el caso de las ramas, la densidad se reveló como una variable integradora de la fracción de lúmenes más que de las variables individuales de vasos (diámetro o número) o las asociadas a la fracción de pared (biometría de fibras y área ocupada). En cambio, en fuste, la densidad integró tanto la fracción de lúmenes (vasos), como la morfometría de fibras y porcentajes de tejidos. Es posible entonces hallar especies/genotipos de densidad similar dentro de este género pero con diferente composición/estructura anatómica.
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between wood density and xylem anatomy of branches and stem of four commercial Eucalyptus L´Hér. (Myrtaceae) species, considering anatomy as the main determinant of xylem functionality. We worked with samples from branches (n = 30) and stem (n = 82) of four species of adult’s trees: E. grandis, E. camaldulensis, E. viminalis and E. globulus. The wood density and quantitative anatomical features of vessels, fibers and proportion of tissue (fibers, vasicentric tracheids, vessels, rays and parenchyma) in histological sections and macerated were determined in both organ types (stem and branches). The wood density of stem was different among species but it was similar in the branches. According to the relationships found between density and anatomy, using correlations and principal component analysis, trends not always followed similar patterns among branches and stem. The wood density was not a good predictor of the several individual anatomical variables within each organ considered. In the case of branches, the density was revealed as an integrating variable of fraction lumens more than the individual variables of vessels (diameter or number) or the associated wall fractions (biometrics of fibers and occupied area). In contrast, in stem, density integrated fraction lumens (vessels), including morphometry of fibers and tissue percentages. Then, it is possible to find species / genotypes of similar density in this genus but with different composition / anatomical structure.