Volumen 19 | Número 02

Formación para la discapacidad en programas de Educación Física - Colombia

2019-05-24T04:03:07Z

Articulo Training for disability in physical education programs - Colombia Educación Física y Ciencia; vol. 19, no. 2 Objetivo. Identificar los programas de la Educación Física, la Recreación y el Deporte en diferentes Universidades Colombianas que reflejen, en su plan de estudios, asignaturas que desarrollen el tema de discapacidad o la atencion a la discapacidad. Metodología. El estudio presentó un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo con corte transversal, realizado entre agosto de 2015 y diciembre de 2016, con 63 universidades registradas en la plataforma oficial del Ministerio de Educación Nacional de Colombia (SNIES), que ofrecen licenciaturas o programas profesionales en Educación Física, Recreación y Deporte. Resultados. Se evidenció que los programas se ofrecen en mayor proporción en la zona Andina y Pacífica, de la misma manera se apreció que son muy pocos los programas ofrecidos en el campo de la Recreación con respecto a los otros campos; la estimación de materias ofertadas que atienden a las personas en situación de discapacidad es relativamente pequeña y con baja cobertura en las zonas de la Orinoquia, Amazonia y del Caribe. Conclusiones. Se encontró debilidad relacionado al ofrecimiento de asignaturas o cursos, dentro de la malla curricular, que discutan el tema de la atención a las personas en situación de discapacidad y, en especial, en las zonas Caribe, Amazónica y Orinoquia.; Objective. To identify the programs of the Physical Education, Recreation and Sports field in different Colombian Universities that reflect in their curriculum subjects that develop the subject of disability or the attention to the disability. Methodology. The study presented a descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative approach, carried out between August 2015 and December 2016, with 63 universities registered in the official platform of the National Ministry of Education of Colombia (SNIES), offering undergraduate degrees or professional programs in Physical Education, Recreation and Sports. Results. It was evidenced that the programs are offered in greater proportion in the Andean and Pacifica zone, in the same way it is appreciated that there are very few programs offered in the field of recreation with respect to the other fields. The estimation of subjects offered for disabled people is relatively small and with low coverage in the areas of Orinoquia, Amazonia and the Caribbean. Conclusions. We found weaknesses in the offering of subjects or courses, within the curriculum, in the topics related to the care for people with disabilities, especially in the Caribbean, Amazonian and Orinoquia areas.

Estilo de vida de estudantes de Educação Física

2019-05-24T04:03:06Z

Articulo Life style of Physical Education Students Educación Física y Ciencia; vol. 19, no. 2 O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever o estilo de vida e a atividade física habitual em universitários de Educação Física de uma Instituição privada de Ensino Superior. Este é um estudo descritivo, com delineamento transversal. A amostra foi composta por 82 universitários, de ambos os sexos, do curso de Educação Física de uma instituição de Ensino Superior, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Foram utilizados dois questionários: Perfil do Estilo de Vida; Questionário de Atividades Físicas Habituais. Os dados coletados foram tratados por meio da estatística descritiva (média e desvio padrão, distribuição por frequência) no software SPSS versão 17.0. Os resultados encontrados revelaram que os níveis de estilo de vida dos universitários, apresentam pelo menos um escore negativo em cada um dos cinco componentes estudados, ficou evidenciado que os componentes nutrição e estresse apresentam os maiores índices de escores negativos. Quanto a análise do nível de atividade física habitual, os dados apresentam-se como bons indicadores do nível de vida fisicamente ativo da população do estudo. No entanto, uma parcela dos participantes apresentou índice indesejável, consequentemente, baixos níveis para a saúde geral. Para concluir, as variáveis hábitos alimentares, prevenção e relacionamento interpessoal necessitam maior atenção dos profissionais de saúde.; The main purpose of this is study was to describe the life style and physical activity habits of the Physical Education students from a private Institution of higher Education. With a cross-sectional design study, the sample was formed by 82 students, both genders, recruited in a Physical Education Course, from a private institution of Higher Education, in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. To collect data, the students answered two questionnaires: The profile of life styles and the Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire. The data are presented by descriptive statistics, (means, standard deviation and frequencies) and analyzed in SPSS 17.0. The main results showed at least one negative score in each of the five dimensions of the profile of life styles. In this context, stress and nutrition presented higher negative scores. According the Habitual Physical activity, the data showed good scores in physical activity for this sample. However, a significant number of students presented low levels for this variable, consequently, higher levels for bad health status. To conclude, the variable nutrition habits, prevention and interpersonal relationship need more attention from health professionals.

Perfil dermatoglífico y condición física de jugadores adolescentes de fútbol

2019-05-23T20:03:52Z

Articulo Dermatoglyphic profile and physical condition of adolescent soccer players Educación Física y Ciencia; vol. 19, no. 2 El objetivo del estudio fue establecer la relación entre el perfil dermatoglífico y la condición física de los jugadores de fútbol de la selección sub-16 del Departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. Se evaluaron veinte jugadores, edad 15,2±0,3 años, talla 169,3±4,3 cm, masa corporal 58,7±5,0 kg, índice de masa corporal 20,5±2,1 kg/m2 y porcentaje de masa adiposa 10,2±2,7 %. Los niveles de fuerza explosiva de los miembros inferiores, de la potencia aeróbica, de la velocidad, agilidad y de la fuerza máxima de los miembros superiores, mostraron un buen desarrollo con relación a estudios nacionales e internacionales con poblaciones de la misma edad. El perfil dermatoglífico encontrado fue Arco 0,45 ± 0,8; Presilla 6,5 ± 2,7; Verticilo 3,0 ± 3,0; SQTL 131,6 ± 39.1 e Índice delta (D10) 12,6 ± 3,5. Se encontró una correlación muy significativa (p=<0,00) entre el registro de los arcos y el salto largo sin impulso (SLSI). También se encontró correlación significativa (p=<0,05) entre la sumatoria de la cantidad total de líneas de las dos manos (SQTL) y el SLSI y entre D10 y el SLSI; pero, no se encontró correlación significativa entre las demás características dermatoglíficas y los indicadores de las capacidades físicas.; The goal of the study was to establish the relationship between the dermatoglyph profile and the physical condition of the soccer players of the U16 team Cordoba State, Colombia. Twenty players were evaluated, age 15,2 ± 0,3 years old, height 169,3 ± 4,3 cm, body mass 58,7 ± 5,0 kg, body mass index 20,5 ± 2,1 kg/m2 and percentage of adipose mass 10,2 ± 2,7%. The levels of explosive strength of the lower limbs, aerobic power, speed, agility and maximum strength of the upper limbs, showed a good development in relation to national and international studies with populations of the same age. The dermatoglyphic profile found was: Arch 0,45 ± 0,8; Loop 6,5 ± 2,7; Whorl 3,0 ± 3,0; SQTL 131,6 ± 39,1 and Delta index (D10) 12,6 ± 3,5. A very significant correlation (p=<0,00) was found between arches and Standing Long Jump (SLJ). There was also a significant correlation (p=<0,05) between the sum of the quantity of total lines on both hands (SQTL) and SLJ, and between D10 and SLJ; but, no significant correlation was found between the other dermatoglyphic characteristics and the physical ability indicators.

Incentivo dos componentes psicossociais na trajetória de atletas de voleibol

2019-05-23T20:03:51Z

Articulo Incentive of psychosocial components in the trajectory of volleyball athletes Educación Física y Ciencia; vol. 19, no. 2 Objetivo: Comparar o incentivo dos componentes psicossociais nas diferentes fases da trajetória esportiva em atletas de voleibol nas categorias de formação. Métodos: Aplicou-se um questionário específico baseado nos elementos dinâmicos da formação esportiva (Côté, 1999; Côté, Turnnidge, & Vierimaa, 2016) em 78 atletas do sexo masculino com média de idade de 19.24±0.9 anos de clubes de reconhecimento nacional brasileiro. Utilizou-se o teste quiquadrado e a regressão logística multinomial para comparar o nível de incentivo dos componentes psicossociais à prática de voleibol e de outras modalidades em cada fase da trajetória esportiva, adotando nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Os componentes psicossociais incentivam não apenas à prática da modalidade alvo, mas também à prática de outras modalidades. Entretanto, o incentivo dos familiares (p≤0,001), amigos (p≤0,001) e treinadores (p≤0,001) à prática do voleibol aumentou no decorrer da trajetória esportiva, permanecendo estável o incentivo à prática das demais modalidades esportivas. Conclusão: Os componentes psicossociais exercem importante papel na trajetória esportiva de atletas de voleibol em clubes de reconhecimento nacional brasileiro. Ao agregarem reflexões sobre a importância dos componentes psicossociais na vida esportiva de um indivíduo, os achados fornecem pistas às federações, clubes e locais de iniciação esportiva para estruturação de programas de formação esportiva na modalidade.; Aim: To compare the support of the psychosocial components in different phases of sporting trajectory in volleyball underage teams. Methods: A specific questionnaire based on the Developmental Model Sport Participation (Côté, 1999; Côté et al., 2016) was applied to 78 male athletes with an average age of 19.24 ± 0.9 years old from Brazilian national outstanding clubs. The chi-square test and the multinomial logistic regression were used to compare the level of support of the psychosocial components for the practice of volleyball and other sports in each phase of the sporting trajectory, adopting a significance level of 5%. Results: The psychosocial components encourage not only the practice of the target sport, but also the practice of other sports. However, the encouragement of family members (p≤0.001), friends (p≤0.001) and coaches (p≤0.001) for the practice of volleyball increased during the course of the sport, the support to practice other sports remained stable. Conclusion: The psychosocial components play an important role in the sporting trajectory of volleyball athletes in Brazilian national outstanding clubs. By adding reflections on the importance of psychosocial components in an individual's sporting life, the findings provide clues to federations, clubs, and sports associations for structuring sport training programs in the sport.

Espacios Conceptuales de Actuación Profesional: vivencia, práctica y entrenamiento

2019-05-23T20:03:50Z

Articulo Conceptual Spaces of the Professional Performance of the Physical Education Teacher: experience, practice and training Educación Física y Ciencia; vol. 19, no. 2 Los espacios de actuación profesional del profesor de Educación Física (Pérez Gallardo, et.al.2003), aparecen como una forma de diferenciar las responsabilidades y objetivos que el profesional del área debe desarrollar conforme lo indican las características de su profesión. En el presente ensayo se enfatiza que dichos espacios, al conformar en la acción diferentes conceptualizaciones, estos sufren una modificación en su expresión original. De ahí que se reconozcan, en este estudio, como espacios conceptuales de actuación profesional. En su génesis, estos espacios, vinieron a aclarar y diferenciar la complejidad de las intervenciones pedagógicas del profesor de Educación Física. Por ello se indica que, una formación inicial competente, debiera permitir, reconocer y adecuar la acción profesional identificando las variables y los conceptos que cada espacio conceptual implica y que estos no deben confundirse con espacios físicos.; The Performance spaces of the Physical Education Teacher (Pérez Gallardo, et.al.2003) appear to be a way to differentiate the responsibilities and objectives that the professional area should develop as indicated by the characteristics of their profession. In this work, it is emphasized that these spaces, while forming different conceptualizations in action, suffer a modification in its original expression. That´s why, they are recognized, in this study, as conceptual spaces of performance. In their genesis, these spaces came to clarify and differentiate the complexity of pedagogical interventions of the Physical Education Teacher. This indicates that the competent initial training should help to recognize and adapt vocational action, identifying variables and concepts involved in each conceptual space and that these spaces should not be confused with physical ones.

Female basketball athlete development environment: proposed guidelines and success factors

2019-05-23T20:03:48Z

Articulo Entorno para el desarrollo de atletas de baloncesto femenino: las directrices propuestas y los factores de éxito Educación Física y Ciencia; vol. 19, no. 2 The aim of this study was to determine the guidelines and success factors of a sport club that contribute to the identification and development of female basketball athletes. The context investigated comprises a Brazilian club with strong tradition in the training of athletes and important sporting achievements in the sport. Data collection used interviews and documentary sources, which were analyzed using the technique of content analysis. The results showed the importance of administrative organization of sports institutions guided by solid training guidelines that support the club management actions and emphasize the importance of public-private partnerships to increase the federated sport, where sponsorship exchanges such as scholarships in private universities and government policies become crucial for maintaining athletes in adulthood. However, as municipal public institutions do not have as priority elite sport, the basketball club investigated has presented difficulties in keeping teams of higher and adult ages in the scenario to which they belong. In this sense, sports managers and coaches should establish clear guidelines for the strengthening of the organizational culture of the institution, since, with structural conditions and greater sense of belonging to the club, there are higher possibilities for maintenance of talents in the sports institution.; El objetivo del estudio es analizar directrices y factores de éxito de un club deportivo, que contribuyen a la identificación y desarrollo de jugadoras de baloncesto femenino. Se investigó un club brasileño caracterizado por una tradición en la formación de atletas e importantes conquistas deportivas en dicha modalidad. Recogida de información: se utilizaron entrevistas y fuentes documentales; fueron analizadas mediante la técnica de análisis de contenidos. Los resultados muestran la importancia de la organización administrativa en instituciones deportivas, establecida mediante unas directrices sólidas de formación que respaldan las acciones de gestión del club, además de enfatizar en la importancia de las asociaciones público-privadas, donde diferentes sistemas de patrocinio, como becas de estudio de universidades privadas y/o de políticas gubernamentales, resultan fundamentales para la manutención de jugadores en edad adulta. Como las instituciones públicas municipales no tienen como prioridad el deporte de élite, el club presenta dificultades para mantener equipos cuyos jugadores comprenden edades más avanzadas. Se recomienda a gestores y entrenadores, establecer directrices claras para fortalecer la cultura organizativa de las instituciones; teniendo buenas condiciones estructurales y un mayor sentimiento de pertenencia al club, se consiguen mayores y mejores posibilidades de manutención y progresión de talentos en las instituciones deportivas.

“Fitters”, “paleo” y “veggies”: nuevas formas de clasificar lo comestible

2019-05-23T20:03:46Z

Articulo "Fitters", "paleo" and "veggies": New ways to classify the edible products Educación Física y Ciencia; vol. 19, no. 2 Las dietas son combinaciones de hábitos y estilos de vida, ligados a prácticas de consumo y condiciones socioeconómicas de los individuos, sus elecciones y gustos. Las sociedades humanas usan la dieta no sólo para mantener la vida biológica, sino también para expresar relaciones sociales y hacer declaraciones colmadas de simbolismo cultural. Las elecciones que hacen las personas en cuanto a su alimentación nos sirven para pensar relaciones, correspondencias o contradicciones con clases sociales, taxonomías y sistemas clasificatorios de la sociedad contemporánea, que superan los particularismos locales y abarcan tendencias globales. Para este trabajo he decidido trabajar con tres grupos sociales que adoptan y siguen diferentes hábitos alimentarios, asociados a sus distintas cosmovisiones del mundo, para apreciar sus sistemas de clasificación social y moralidad: las personas que siguen una dieta fitness, quienes adoptan la dieta paleolítica y los que deciden ser vegetarianos. El objetivo es reflexionar sobre los modos en que tres grupos –“fitters”, “paleo” y “veggies”– perciben lo comestible, cómo ordenan los alimentos como tales, por qué existen “limitaciones” para cada grupo y las relaciones que pueden establecerse con el consumo, la clase social, ciertas prácticas deportivas, y las clasificaciones y elecciones alimentarias que realizan los sujetos.; Diets are a combination of habit and lifestyle related to practices of consumption and socioeconomic conditions, to people’s choices and their tastes. Human societies follow diets not only to keep biological life but also to display social relationships and to make culturally symbolic declarations. People’s food choices allow us to think about the relations, connections, and/or contradictions within social classes, taxonomies, and classification systems in contemporary society, which overcome local particularisms and include global trends. For this article I have decided to work with social groups that adopt and follow three different diets based on their distinct worldviews: fitness, paleolithic, and vegetarianism, in order to comprehend their systems of social classification and morality. My aim is to consider the ways in which these three groups perceive the edible products, how they arrange foods as such, why there are “limitations” for each group, and the relationships that can be established by people’s consumption habits, social class, particular sports practices, and food choices and classifications.

Decisão Motriz nos Jogos Esportivos Coletivos: implicações a partir da Comunicação Práxica

2019-05-23T20:03:46Z

Articulo Motor Decision in Collective Sports Games: implications from the Praxic’s Communication Educación Física y Ciencia; vol. 19, no. 2 Os Jogos Esportivos Coletivos são modalidades que apresentam, em sua lógica interna, peculiaridades que lhes dão um caráter de dinâmica para essas práticas motrizes. Nesse sentido, a capacidade de decisão de um jogador torna-se fundamental para que se logre êxito no jogo. Assim, esse estudo tem como objetivo analisar o processo de Decisão Motriz nos Jogos Esportivos Coletivos, considerando os conhecimentos da Comunicação Práxica a partir da Praxiologia Motriz. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa teórica, apresentando definições conceituais da Decisão Motriz, os conhecimentos da Comunicação Práxica, bem como as implicações dessas propostas nos Jogos Esportivos Coletivos.; The Collective Sport Games are modalities that present, in their internal logic, peculiarities that give them a dynamic’s character for these motor practices. In this sense, a player's decision-making capability is critical to succeed in the game. Thus, this study aims to analyze the process of Motor Decision in Collective Sport Games, considering Praxic Communication’s knowledge from the Motor Praxiology. For that, a theoretical research was realized, presenting conceptual definitions of the Motor Decision, the knowledge of the Praxical Communication, as well the implications of these proposals in Collective Sport Games.

Análisis crítico de la Ley de Henneman

2019-05-23T20:03:44Z

Articulo Critical review of Henneman's Law Educación Física y Ciencia; vol. 19, no. 2 La Ley de Henneman (también denominada "principio del tamaño") establece que, dado que el tamaño de las motoneuronas determina su umbral de excitación, durante la aplicación de una fuerza muscular las unidades motoras de menor tamaño serán las primeras en reclutarse, y en la medida en que el esfuerzo lo requiera, se irán reclutando más unidades motoras en un patrón estereotipado según su progresivo tamaño. No obstante, durante las actividades propias de la vida diaria o el deporte, este principio adolece de numerosas excepciones. El propósito de este trabajo de revisión es describir, en concordancia con la evidencia científica, en qué condiciones esta Ley no se cumple, o bien se ve significativamente alterada.; Henneman's Law (also known as "size principle") states that, considering that motor neuron's size determines its excitation threshold, during the application of a muscular force the smaller motor units are the first to be recruited, and if the effort is stronger, the other motor units are going to be recruited in a stereotyped way, according to their progressive size. However, during daily living or sport activities, this principle has a number of exemptions. The purpose of this review is to describe, according to the scientific evidence, the conditions under which this principle does not apply or is significantly affected.

Formação inicial e iniciação a docência: uma análise a partir do subprojeto PIBID Educação Física

2019-05-23T20:03:43Z

Articulo Inicial training and teaching introduction: an analysis based on the subproject PIBID Physical Education Educación Física y Ciencia; vol. 19, no. 2 Procuramos compreender as contribuições e implicações do subprojeto “PIBID Educação Física Ensino Fundamental Anos Finais” à formação inicial e à iniciação docente de acadêmicos bolsistas deste programa. Este trabalho caracteriza-se, quanto aos objetivos, como um estudo descritivo e, quanto aos procedimentos, a um estudo de campo. Entre os resultados, destacamos que o subprojeto supracitado visa qualificar a formação de seus bolsistas no sentido de corroborar para a construção de sua identidade docente. Nesse contexto, concluímos que as trocas de experiências entre a universidade e a escola são imprescindíveis, pois os saberes articulados em ambas podem auxiliar os acadêmicos a melhor compreender as práticas educativas e a atuação profissional.; This work seeks to understand the contributions and implications of subproject “PIBID Physical Education Elementary School Initial Years” on initial education and teaching introduction of academic interns of this program. As regards objectives, this research is a descriptive study, and as regards procedures, it is a field study. Within the results, we can highlight that above mentioned subproject aims to qualify the training of its interns so as to support the construction of the teaching identity. In this context, we conclude that the experiences exchanged between university and school are essential, because the knowledge articulated in both participants can help the academics to understand better the educational practices and the professional performance.

Nosotros hacemos CrossFit: etnografía sobre identidades deportivas

2019-05-23T20:03:42Z

Articulo We do CrossFit: ethnography on sport identities Educación Física y Ciencia; vol. 19, no. 2 En este artículo se plantean los primeros resultados del trabajo de campo realizado desde 2014 hasta 2016 en un box de CrossFit de la Ciudad de Santiago del Estero. El abordaje etnográfico permitió el surgimiento de interrogantes que delinearon la investigación, orientándose hacia el estudio en este tipo de entrenamiento. Se entiende que el CrossFit como deporte produce una conversión de doble tipo: en primera instancia corporal y a su vez, es productor de una identidad social performativa, la cual traspasa las fronteras del box para instalarse en las demás esferas de la vida de sus practicantes. El trabajo focaliza puntualmente en un grupo de jóvenes autodenominados “Los Locos” y la descripción densa de sus competencias a fin de caracterizar las técnicas corporales de esta forma de ejercitación. También se incluyen fragmentos de conversaciones informales y entrevistas en profundidad, comprendidas como insumos que permitieron arribar a las primeras conclusiones.; This article presents the first results of the fieldwork conducted from 2014 to 2016 in a CrossFit box in the City of Santiago del Estero. The ethnographic approach allowed the emergence of questions that outlined the research, guiding itself towards the study in this type of training. It is understood that the CrossFit as a sport produces a double conversion: in the first instance body and in turn, is a producer of a performative social identity, which transcends the boundaries of the box to settle in the other spheres of the life of its practitioners. The work focuses specifically on a group of young people called "Los Locos" and the detailed description of their competencies in order to characterize the corporal techniques of this form of exercise. Fragments of informal conversations and interviews in depth are also included, understood as inputs that allowed us to arrive at the first conclusions.

How do students’ hamstring extensibility levels change through an academic year?: A longitudinal study

2019-05-23T20:03:42Z

Articulo ¿Cómo cambian los niveles de extensibilidad isquiosural de los estudiantes durante un año académico? Un estudio longitudinal Educación Física y Ciencia; vol. 19, no. 2 The main purpose of the present study was to examine the students’ hamstring extensibility levels through an academic year. A sample of 128 11th-grade students from a high school center was assessed by the classic sit-and-reach test in pre-, mid- and post-academic year. The results showed that students’ hamstring extensibility level statistically significantly decreased from pre-academic year (22.1 ± 8.5 cm) to mid- (19.9 ± 8.6 cm; d = -0.26) and post-academic year (18.6 ± 9.3 cm; d = -0.41) (p < 0.001) and from mid-academic year to post-academic year (d = -0.16) (p < 0.001). The results of the McNemar’s test indicated that there was a statistically significant decrease on the proportion of students with normal hamstring extensibility level from pre-academic year to post-academic year (p < 0.05). In conclusion, high-school students lost hamstring extensibility levels during an academic year. As a result of this decrease, the number of students with hamstring extensibility shortening increased by 10.9%. Physical education teachers should implement stretching programs to avoid students’ hamstring extensibility shortening.; El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue examinar los niveles de extensibilidad isquiosural de los estudiantes durante un curso académico. Una muestra de 128 estudiantes de 1º de bachillerato de un centro de educación secundaria se evaluó mediante la prueba de classic sit-and-reach al comienzo, mediados y final del curso académico. Los resultados mostraron que el nivel de extensibilidad de isquiosural de los estudiantes disminuyó estadísticamente significativamente desde el comienzo (22,1 ± 8,5 cm) a mediados (19,9 ± 8,6 cm, d = -0,26) y final del año académico (18,6 ± 9,3 cm; d = -0,41) (p < 0,001), y desde mediados al final (d = -0.16) (p < 0,001). Los resultados de la prueba de McNemar indicaron que hubo una disminución estadísticamente significativa en la proporción de estudiantes con un nivel de extensibilidad isquiosural normal desde el comienzo al final del curso académico (p < 0,05). En conclusión, los estudiantes de educación secundaria perdieron niveles de extensibilidad isquiosural durante un curso académico. Como resultado de esta disminución, el número de estudiantes con acortamiento de los músculos isquiosurales aumentó un 10,9%. Los profesores de educación física deberían implementar programas de estiramiento para prevenir el acortamiento de extensibilidad isquiosural de los estudiantes.