Late Chronology in Hualfín Valley (Catamarca, Argentina): A Revision from 14C Dating

Abstract

In this paper we address chronological problems about archaeological sites traditionally associated with “Belén culture” from Hualfín Valley (Catamarca, Argentina), analyzing background research, radiocarbon dates obtained by A. Rex González before 1970, and those made since 1996. First, we critically review the chronological sequence built by González for “Belén” sites, which include Late Period (1100-1480) and Inka Period (1480-1536 AD), subdivided into three phases. Methodological problems that could affect results of first radiocarbon dates are discussed. Based on this review, we present new 14C dating considering extraction contexts, types of samples, calibration curve, the laboratory where each date was obtained and their methods of measuring, characteristics of sites of origin and associated archaeological materiality. Finally, using calibrated ranges for 1σ and 2σ, and a Bayesian single phase model, we suggest different groups of events that would correspond to different times in the history of late occupations in the valley.