vol. 25, no. 03

Experiencia reguladora cubana en calidad y bioequivalencia para la intercambiabilidad terapéutica de medicamentos genéricos

2013-10-17T12:02:29Z

Contribucion a revista Cuban regulatory experience on quality and bioequivalence for therapeutic interchangeability of generic drugs Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 3 Se caracterizó la política reguladora cubana de intercambiabilidad terapéutica para medicamentos genéricos en base al panorama sanitario y la evolución de la normatividad emitida por la Autoridad Nacional. Se mostró que la prioridad ha sido la demostración de calidad para lo que la autoridad ha realizado sistemáticamente acciones reguladoras, destacándose los requerimientos para el registro y buenas prácticas, sobre todo de fabricación. Los estudios de bioequivalencia para demostrar la intercambiabilidad terapéutica de los medicamentos genéricos en el registro, son imprescindibles solamente para un limitado grupo de productos y para seleccionarlos se consideró la prioridad terapéutica, riesgo, experiencia nacional en el uso clínico y el criterio de otras autoridades sanitarias y organizaciones internacionales.; The Cuban Drug Regulatory Policy for therapeutic interchangeability for generic drugs based in the sanitary environment and the evolution of regulations issued by the National Drug Regulatory Authority was characterized. It was showed the priority given to quality demonstration and the permanent regulatory actions for that, mostly for drug registration and good practices, mainly referred to drug manufacturing. The bioequivalence tests for therapeutic interchangeability of generic drugs under registration are considered indispensable only for a limited group of drugs in whose selection were taking into account the therapeutic priority, risk, national experience in the clinical use, and the opinion of another authorities and international organizations.

Capraria biflora L. (Scrophulariaceae): uma revisão

2013-10-17T12:02:29Z

Articulo Capraria biflora L. (Scrophulariaceae): a review Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 3 Capraria biflora L. é uma planta medicinal tradicionalmente usada no Brasil para o tratamento de problemas no estômago, sendo reportada como diurética, estimulante e digestiva. Neste trabalho vários aspectos associados a esta espécie como atividade biológica, propriedades físico-químicas e fitoquímica são discutidos.; Capraria biflora L. is an medicinal plant traditionally used in Brazil for stomach pains, as diuretic, stimulant and digestive. In this review several aspects on their use associated with biological activity, physicochemical properties and phytochemistry are discussed.

Análise da completude de prescrições médicas dispensadas em uma farmácia comunitária de Fazenda Rio Grande - Paraná (Brasil)

2013-10-17T12:02:29Z

Articulo Analysis of filling out of prescriptions dispensing in a community pharmacy of Fazenda Rio Grande - Paraná (Brazil) Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 3 A prescrição médica é o principal veículo de comunicação entre prescritores e dispensadores, sendo que avaliar o perfil dessas e sua completude em uma farmácia comunitária pode ser útil na melhoria do processo de dispensação de medicamentos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a completude de prescrições médicas em uma farmácia comunitária, com a finalidade de conhecer seu perfil e as falhas freqüentemente encontradas. Realizou-se um estudo transversal descritivo, em uma farmácia da cidade de Fazenda Rio Grande, região metropolitana de Curitiba (Brasil). Todos os pacientes apresentando uma prescrição médica no período de outubro a dezembro de 2004 foram convidados a participar do estudo. A análise da completude do receituário baseou-se em critérios pré-estabelecidos pela legislação do Brasil e OMS. Foi também analisada a complexidade da farmacoterapia por meio do Índice de Complexidade da Farmacoterapia (ICFT). Na população estudada, os analgésicos, AINES e antibióticos aparecem entre os mais prescritos, seguidos por fármacos para o trato gastrintestinal e respiratório. Quando analisado a completude das receitas, destaca-se a ausência do endereço do paciente (98%), da duração do tratamento (55,5%), das instruções complementares (97%) e da concentração do medicamento (20%). A média do Índice de Complexidade da Farmacoterapia por prescrição foi de 7,4 (DP=4,4). Este estudo demonstrou que orientações referentes à duração do tratamento e informações complementares sobre o uso são especialmente importantes para a dispensação, considerando o perfil das prescrições médicas.; The medical prescription is the main vehicle of communication between physicians and pharmacists, being that to evaluate the profile of prescriptions and its filling out in a community pharmacy it can be useful in the improvement of medication dispensing process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the filling out of medical prescriptions in a community pharmacy, with the purpose to know its profile and the frequently imperfections found. It was developed a transversal study in a pharmacy in Fazenda Rio Grande city, in metropolitan region of Curitiba (Brazil). All patients with a medical prescription in the period of October to December, 2004, had been enclosed in the study. The analysis of the prescriptions was based on criteria previous- established by legislation of Brazil and OMS. It was the pharmacotherapy complexity also analyzed through the Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI). In the studied population, the analgesics, NSAI and antibiotics were the most prescribed, followed the drugs of digestive and respiratory systems. When analyzed the filling out of prescriptions, the most common mistake were the absence of address of the patient (98%), duration of the treatment (55.5%), complementary instructions (97%) and concentration of the drugs (20%). The average of the MRCI was of 7.4 (DP = 4.4) per prescription. This study demonstrated that referring information about the duration of the treatment and complementary information about the use were especially important in dispensing process, considering the profile of medical prescriptions.

Atenção farmacêutica: teoria e prática: um diálogo possível?

2013-10-17T12:02:29Z

Articulo Pharmaceutical Care: theory and practice: a possible dialogue? Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 3 Este artigo pretende ampliar a discussão a respeito da Atenção Farmacêutica - um novo modelo de prática da profissão de Farmácia - e explora alguns aspectos relacionados com sua compreensão, na tentativa de contribuir para o avanço da prática. Além disso, aborda questões relacionadas com a necessidade social e com as habilidades farmacêuticas que justificam o seu surgimento e reforçam a sua aplicabilidade. No Brasil, a carência de entendimento sobre conceitos, métodos e competências na Atenção Farmacêutica resultou em um processo de implementação muito fragmentado. Isso diminui o impacto da prática e inibe o desenvolvimento de estratégias de ação mais efetivas.; This article aims to broaden the discussion about Pharmaceutical Care - a new practice model in the Pharmacy profession - and explores some aspects related to its comprehension, in an attempt to contribute to the advancement of the practice. Moreover, this article approaches some questions about the social need and professional competencies that justify its emergence and reinforce its applicability. In Brazil, the lack of agreement about Pharmaceutical Care's concepts, methods and competencies results in a very fragmented process of implementation. This diminishes the impact of the practice and inhibits the development of more effective strategies.

Desarrollo de un método analítico aplicable al control de la calidad de tabletas de Clonazepam

2013-10-17T12:02:29Z

Articulo Development of an analytic method aplicated in the quality control of Clonazepam tablets Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 3 Se desarrolló y validó un método analítico alternativo para el control de la calidad de las tabletas de clonazepam 2 mg sin lactosa por espectrofotometría UV, el cual no es aplicable a los estudios de estabilidad, ya que este método resulta más rápido, más sencillo y económico. Además se validó el método analítico reportado para el estudio de estabilidad por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (CLAR), comparándose ambos métodos estadísticamente. Ambos métodos resultaron específicos, lineales, precisos y exactos en el rango de concentraciones estudiadas.; An alternative analytic method for the quality control of clonazepam 2 mg tablets without lactose for ultraviolet spectrophotometry was developed and validated. The method is not applicable to stability studies, for it is quickler, simpler and more economic. The analytic method reported for the study of stability by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was also validated and statistically compared with the developed method. Both methods were specific, lineal, precise, and exact in the range of the studied concentrations.

Validação de metodologia analítica por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência para doseamento de cápsulas de fluoxetina

2013-10-17T12:02:29Z

Articulo Validation of a high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of fluoxetine capsules Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 3 Um método analítico utilizando cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) foi validado para quantificar fluoxetina em cápsulas. O ensaio utilizou uma coluna de RP-C18 com detector ultravioleta a 226 nm e fase móvel constituída de acetonitrila e tampão fosfato 0,05M pH 3,0 (1:1v/v), com fluxo 1,0 mL/min e isocrático. Os parâmetros utilizados no processo de validação foram: linearidade, intervalo, precisão, especificidade, exatidão e robustez. Todos os resultados se mostraram satisfatórios, o método demonstrou- se adequado para a quantificação de fluoxetina em cápsulas, considerando os parâmetros especificados pela ANVISA-Brasil Resolução 899/2003 e ICH.; An analytical method using a sensitive high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) technique was validated to quantify fluoxetine in capsule dosage form. The analysis was carried out using a RP-C18 column with ultraviolet detection at 226 nm. The mobile phase was acetonitrile and phosphate buffer 0.05M pH 3.0 (1:1v/v) at 1.0 mL/min. The parameters used in the validation process were: linearity, interval, accuracy, specificity, precision and robustness. Results were satisfactory and the method proved to be adequate, considering ANVISA-Brasil Resolution 899/2003 and ICH.

Efecto de la 2-fenil-4,4-bis-(hidroximetil)-2-oxazolina en la respuesta del giro dentado a la estimulación de la corteza endorrinal y en la actividad eléctrica espontánea del gerbil de Mongolia

2013-10-17T12:02:29Z

Comunicacion Effect of the 2-phenyl-4,4-bis-hydroxymethyl-2-oxazoline in the dentate gyrus response to stimulation of entorhinal cortex and spontaneous electrical activity of the Mongolian gerbil Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 3 La epilepsia constituye un desorden neurológico de gran incidencia en la población, con un marcado impacto familiar y social. El gerbil de Mongolia es un modelo de epilepsia de gran utilidad, pues este animal desarrolla crisis espontáneas fenomenológicamente similares a las epilepsias refractarias. En el presente trabajo se estudió el efecto de la 2-fenil-4,4-bis-(hidroximetil)-2-oxazolina (OX) en la respuesta del giro dentado a la estimulación eléctrica de la corteza endorrinal y en la actividad eléctrica espontánea en el gerbil de Mongolia. Se detectó un efecto inhibitorio de OX en esta sinapsis, con una reducción en la amplitud de la espiga de población. El registro de la actividad eléctrica espontánea permitió detectar una disminución de la actividad paroxística del EEG dependiente de la dosis.; Epilepsy constitutes a neurological disorder that has great incidence and an enormous familiar and social impact. Mongolian gerbil is a useful epilepsy model because these animals develop spontaneous crisis seemed to the refracted epilepsies. In this paper we studied the effect of the 2-phenyl-4,4-bis-hydroximethyl-2-oxazoline (OX) in the response of the dentate gyrus, during electrical stimulation of entorhinal cortex and the spontaneous electrical activity in the Mongolian Gerbil. It was found an inhibitory effect of OX in that synapsis, with a reduction in the population spikes amplitude. The record of the electric spontaneous activity allowed the detection of a doses-dependent decrease in the paroxistical activity.

Determinación de la citotoxicidad de extractos de Erythroxylum confusum Britt. mediante el método de la artemia salina

2013-10-17T12:02:29Z

Comunicacion Citotoxicity of extracts from Erythroxylum confusum Britt. determined by the Artemia salina bioassay Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 3 El género Erythroxylum muestra una gran variedad en cuanto a sus actividades biológicas. Para su estudio se determinó la citotoxicidad preliminar de extractos de E. confusum Britt. evaluando las diferentes épocas de colecta, los tipos de preparación de extractos y del método de secado; mediante un bioensayo con camarones de mar (Artemia salina Leach). Para ninguno de los ensayos realizados, el valor promedio de la CL₅₀ se comportó por debajo de 640 µg/mL. De manera general las preparaciones obtenidas de la especie estudiada se pueden considerar como no tóxicas, según el método de la Artemia Salina, lo que permite continuar la realización de experimentos biológicos para evaluar sus efectos farmacológicos.; The Erythroxylum genus shows a great variety for its biological activities. Preliminary citotoxicity of E. confusum Britt. extracts was determined by the brine shrimp (Artemia salina Leach) bioassay, evaluating different collection times, types of extracts and dry method using. The value of CL₅₀ behaved below 640 µg/mL in all experiment. The extracts can be considered not toxic, according to the Artemia salina bioassay, what allows continuing the realization of biological experiments to evaluate their pharmacological effects.; El género Erythroxylum muestra una gran variedad en cuanto a sus actividades biológicas. Para su estudio se determinó la citotoxicidad preliminar de extractos de E. confusum Britt. evaluando las diferentes épocas de colecta, los tipos de preparación de extractos y del método de secado; mediante un bioensayo con camarones de mar (Artemia salina Leach). Para ninguno de los ensayos realizados, el valor promedio de la CL50 se comportó por debajo de 640 ?g/mL. De manera general las preparaciones obtenidas de la especie estudiada se pueden considerar como no tóxicas, según el método de la Artemia Salina, lo que permite continuar la realización de experimentos biológicos para evaluar sus efectos farmacológicos.

Estudo toxicológico reprodutivo da Carapa guianensis Aublet (Andiroba) em ratas Wistar

2015-10-20T18:29:09Z

Comunicacion Toxicological reproductive study of Carapa guianensis Aublet (Andiroba) in female Wistar rats Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 3 Os efeitos do óleo extraído das sementes da Carapa guianensis (OS) foram investigados sobre variáveis reprodutivas e desenvolvimento da prole de ratas Wistar. Quatro grupos de fêmeas foram tratados per os com OS (0,375, 0,75 e 1,5 g/kg) ou água durante a gestação. Não houve diferenças significantes nas variáveis reprodutivas entre os grupos tratados e controle. Na prole, não foram registradas alterações, exceto aumento da atividade motora na menor dose do OS. Conclui-se que o óleo de Carapa guianensis não interfere na fertilidade de ratas Wistar e desenvolvimento da prole, entretanto o aumento da atividade motora pode indicar uma possível ação sobre o desenvolvimento do sistema nervoso central.; The effects of the Carapa guianensis seed oil (SO) in the reproductive parameters and in the offspring development were investigated in Wistar rats. Four groups of female rats were treated orally with the SO (0,375, 0,75 and 1,5 g/kg) or water during the pregnancy. There were not significant differences in the reproductive parameters among the groups. In the offspring, there were no changes, except for an increase of the motor activity in the group SO 0,375 g/kg. It is concluded that the SO did not interfere on the fertility of Wistar rats and in the offspring development. However, the increase of the motor activity may indicate a possible action on the development of the central nervous system.

Acción del extracto de hojas secas de Cissus sicyoides en ratas grávidasrats

2014-08-29T16:24:26Z

Comunicacion The action of extract of the dry leaves of Cissus sicyoides L. in pregnant rats Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 3 Los extractos alcohólico e hidroalcólico de la hojas secas de Cissus sicyoides mostraron acción abortiva yñ teratogénica en ratas embarazada adminsitrados oralmente en dosis de 300, 600 y 1000 mg.kg^-1.; The hydroalcohol and alcohol extract of the dry leaves of Cissus sicyoides, showed abortive and teratogenic action in pregnant rats given orally at doses 300, 600, and 1000 mg.kg^-1.

Efecto de la elicitación en la síntesis de solasodina en cultivos de raíces transfomadas de Solanum eleagnifolium Cav.

2013-10-17T12:02:29Z

Articulo Effects of elicitation on solasodine production by Solanum Eleagnifolium Cav. hairy root cultures Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 3 El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar de distintos elicitores sobre la producción de solasodina por cultivos de raíces transformadas de Solanum eleagnifolium Cav. Se ensayaron: quitosano 10 y 100 mg/l, hemicelulasa 0.1 y 0.2 mg/l, H₂O₂ 17 y 170 mg/l, AgNO₃ 0,14 mg/l y homogenatos de los hongos Hormonema sp. y Phytium sp., los cuales no produjeron diferencias significativas en la acumulación de solasodina respecto del control. Asimismo cuando se elicitó con un homogenato de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum se produjo una disminución de la concentración del alcaloide de 30% respecto al control, atribuible a la posibilidad de que la elicitación con este hongo haya inducido la producción de sesquiterpenos en vez de alcaloides como la solasodina.; The effect of several elicitors on solasodine production by hairy root cultures of Solanum eleagnifolium Cav. was studied. When chitosan 10 and 100 mg/l, hemicelullase 0.10 and 0.2 0 mg/, H₂O₂ 17 and 170 mg/l, Ag- NO₃ 0,14 mg/l and Hormonema sp. and Phytium sp´s homogenates were used as elicitors no effect on solasodine production was observed. When homogenates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were used the solasodine production decreased about 30% respect to the control. This behavior could be attributed to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum elicitation induced the sesquiterpenes biosynthesis instead of alkaloids production.

Actividad antileishmania y citotóxica de monoterpenos aromáticos sintéticos

2013-10-17T12:02:29Z

Articulo Antileishmanial and cytotoxic activity of synthetic aromatic monoterpens Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 3 Fue evaluada la actividad antileishmania in vitro de monoterpenos sintéticos contra promastigotes y amastigotes de L. (V.) panamensis y comparada con la del Glucantime®. La actividad citotóxica fue determinada contra células U-937. Siete compuestos mostraron una baja citotóxicidad en las células U-937 (CL₅₀ >100.0 µg/ml) y cuatro de ellos fueron activos contra la forma amastigote (CE₅₀ <60.0 µg/ml). No se halló correlación entre las actividades contra los promastigotes y amastigotes, sugiriendo una vez más que el potencial quimioterapéutico de fármacos anti-leshmania depende de su acción contra los amastigotes. El más activo de los compuestos fue el derivado 3-isopropil- 2,5-dimetoxi-6-metil-fenilamina (T6) mostrando actividad a concentraciones similares a las alcanzadas por los antimoniales pentavalentes a nivel sanguíneo (13.6 (g/ml), sin embargo el compuesto 5-isopropil-4-metoxi-2-metil-3-nitrofenol (T4) presento la mayor selectividad hacia Leishmania que hacia las células mamíferas (IS = 8,7). Este estudio concluye que los derivados monoterpénicos muestran una potencial actividad antileishmania y podrían ser considerados en la investigación de nuevos agentes leishmanicidas.; The in vitro activity of synthetic monoterpens were evaluated against promastigotes and amastigotes of L. (V.) panamensis and compared to Glucantime®. Cytotoxic activity was determined against U-937 cells. Seven compounds showed low toxicity to U-937 cells (LC₅₀ >100.0 µg/ml) and four of them were active against amastigotes form (EC₅₀ <60.0 µg/ml). No correlation was found between promastigote and amastigote activities, suggesting again that the chemotherapeutic potential of anti-leishmanial drugs depend on their action against amastigotes. The 3-isopropyl-2,5-dimethoxy-6-methyl-phenylamine (T6) compound was the most active showing activity at concentrations similar to those reached in serum by pentavalent antimonials (13.6 µg/ml) but the 5-isopropyl-4-methoxy-2-methyl-3-nitro-phenol (T4) compound was the most selective for Leishmania rather than mammal cells (SI = 8.7). This study concludes that monoterpen derivatives show promising antileishmanial potential and could be considered as new lead structures in the search for novel antileishmanial drugs.

Microesferas de etilcelulosa conteniendo diclofenaco: desarrollo y caracterización

2013-10-17T12:02:29Z

Articulo Ethylcelullose microspheres containing sodium diclofenac: development and characterization Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 3 El objetivo del este estudio fue el desarrollo y la caracterización del microesferas de etilcelulosa contiendo diclofenaco y la determinación del perfil de la liberación del fármaco in vitro. Las microesferas fueron preparadas por el método de emulsificación/evaporación del solvente, usando como disolvente polimérico el acetato de etilo y como no disolvente el agua, y fueron caracterizadas por análisis morfológicos y granulométricos. Fueron determinados el tenor de encapsulación y el perfil de la liberación del fármaco in vitro. Las microesferas obtenidas presentaron superficie plana y distribución de tamaño pequeña, siendo aproximadamente el 50% de las partículas más pequeñas que 5 µm. La metodología usada hizo posible la encapsulación del fármaco y el sistema usado proveyó un perfil de la liberación controlada del mismo.; The objective of the present study was the development and characterization of ethylcellulose microspheres containing diclofenac and the determination of the in vitro drug release profile. Microspheres were prepared by emulsification/solvent evaporation method using ethyl acetate as solvent for the polymer and water as non solvent. The microspheres were characterized by morphologic and granulometric analyses. The amount of encapsulated drug as well as its release profile in vitro were also determined. The product obtained was microparticles with smooth surface and narrow size distribution, about 50% of the particles being smaller than 5 µm. The methodology used allowed drug encapsulation with a good yield and the system provided a controlled release of diclofenac.

Equivalencia farmacéutica de comprimidos conteniendo 150 mg de Ranitidina

2013-10-17T12:02:29Z

Articulo Pharmaceutical equivalence of Ranitidine 150 mg tablets Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 3 Ranitidina (RNT) es un derivado del furano, antagonista de los receptores H2, que inhibe de manera competitiva la interacción de la histamina con estos receptores. Es selectivo y tiene efecto mínimo sobre los receptores H1, disminuye la secreción ácida, tanto basal como provocada por diversos estímulos. Es ampliamente utilizado clínicamente en pacientes con úlcera péptica, enfermedad por reflujo esofágico y dispepsia. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar un estudio comparativo de las veinticinco marcas de comprimidos conteniendo 150 mg de RNT, presentes en el mercado farmacéutico argentino y aprobadas para su comercialización, con la finalidad de establecer equivalencia farmacéutica entre ellas. Se realizaron los siguientes ensayos: evaluación de rótulos y prospectos, descripción de los comprimidos, identidad y contenido de RNT, uniformidad de unidades de dosificación, ensayo de disolución y perfiles de disolución. Se concluyó que no todas las especialidades medicinales conteniendo RNT 150 mg, en su forma farmacéutica comprimidos, a la fecha del presente estudio, son equivalentes farmacéuticos.; Ranitidine (RNT) is a furane derivate, selective histamine H2-receptor antagonist that is widely used to treat gastric and duodenal ulcers, in the esophagic reflux and dyspepsia. The aim of this study was to compare the twenty five products, RNT tablets 150 mg, which were available in the argentine pharmaceutical market, looking to the pharmaceutical equivalence between them. The following tests were made: evaluation of packaging specifications, description of tablets, identification and quantification, uniformity of dosage units, dissolution test and dissolution profiles. We conclude that there is not pharmaceutical equivalence between all the studied products at the moment of the present study.

Niveles de cumarina en plantas jóvenes de Mikania glomerata (guaco) sometidas a diferentes niveles de radiación y fotoperiodo

2013-10-17T12:02:29Z

Articulo Coumarin contents in young Mikania glomerata Plants (Guaco) under different radiation levels and photoperiod Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 3 La actividad farmacológica de Mikania glomerata Sprengel (Asteraceae) se encuentra asociada a su contenido de cumarina. Es uma planta medicinal ampliamente utilizada en la medicina popular brasileña para el tratamiento de enfermedades respiratorias. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un experimento realizado con el objetivo de evaluar los efectos de diferentes intensidades de radiación y fotoperíodos en el contenido de cumarina de Mikania glomerata. Plántulas con 60 días de edad obtenidas por propagación vegetativa se sometieron durante 100 días a cuatro intensidades de luz (0% o pleno sol, 30%, 50% y 70%) y cuatro fotoperíodos (8, 12, 16 y 20 h). Los niveles de cumarina en las hojas y tallos secos fueron determinados por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (CLAR). Los resultados obtenidos revelaron que en plantas jóvenes (100 días de edad), cultivadas a pleno sol, el nivel de cumarina en las hojas fue dos veces mayor cuando se compararon con plantas adultas crecidas en las mismas condiciones de radiación. En la parte superior de la planta, tanto las hojas como los tallos presentaron mayores niveles de cumarina para todas las radiaciones estudiadas. El fotoperíodo influenció significativamente en el nivel de cumarina em hojas y tallos de Mikania glomerata. El nivel de cumarina fue mayor em el fotoperíodo de 16 h de luz.; Mikania glomerata Sprengel (Asteraceae) has its pharmacological activity ascribed to coumarin. It is a medicinal plant used extensively in popular medicine in Brazil to treat respiratory diseases. In the present work we present the results of an experiment performed with the objective of evaluating the effects of different radiation levels and photoperiod in the content of coumarin of Mikania glomerata. Sixty day-old seedlings obtained from cutting propagation, were submitted for 100 days to four light levels (0% or full sunlight, 30%, 50% and 70%) and four photoperiodS (8, 12, 16 and 20 h). Coumarin contents in leaves and stems dry were evaluated through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results obtained revealed that coumarin content in the leaves of young plants (100 days old), cultivated under the full sunlight, was twice larger when compared with the adult planted growing under the same radiation conditions. The upper part of the plants, both on the leaves and stems, presented greater coumarin content, at all levels of radiation. The photoperiod also influenced significantly the coumarin content in Mikania glomerata leaves and stems. The coumarin content was higher in 16 h light period.

Avaliação da equivalência farmacodinâmica entre produtos fitoterápicos usados como laxantes e/ou reeducadores intestinais

2017-12-05T18:17:22Z

Articulo Evaluation of the pharmacodynamic equivalence between phytotherapic products used as laxatives and/or intestinal reeducators Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 3 Os modelos de medida do trânsito intestinal em camundongos e de determinação da eliminação de fezes em 24 h em ratos foram usados para avaliar os efeitos laxantes e/ou reeducadores intestinais de dois produtos fitoterápicos, em duas formas de apresentação. O primeiro contendo pó de folhas e extrato de sene (Cassia angustifolia), extrato de cássia (Cassia fistula), tamarindo (Tamarindus indica), pó de folhas de coentro (Coriandrum sativum) e pó de alcaçuz (Glycyrrhiza glabra) na forma de cápsulas e de geleia (Tamarilax Cápsulas® e Tamarilax Geleia®), e o segundo contendo pó de folhas e extrato seco de sene (Senna alexandrina), extrato de cássia (Cassia fistula), tamarindo (Tamarindus indica), coentro (Coriandrum sativum) e alcaçuz (Glycyrrhiza glabra) na forma de cápsulas e de geleia (Naturetti Cápsulas® e Naturetti Geleia ®). Na medida do trânsito intestinal em camundongos, a proporção de intestino delgado percorrida pelo marcador (carvão ativado), sob ação de cápsulas e geleias de Tamarilax® e Naturetti® foi equivalente a observada no grupo de camundongos tratados com sulfato de magnésio (controle positivo). A eliminação de fezes em ratos mostrou-se aumentada nos grupos tratados com cápsulas e geleias de Tamarilax® e Naturetti ® com aumento da incidência de fezes pastosas. Os resultados indicam que os dois fitoterápicos, Tamarilax ® e Naturetti®, na forma de cápsulas e geleia apresentam efeitos laxantes e/ou reeducadores intestinais semelhantes, o que indica que são equivalentes.; The intestinal transit in mice and the faeces elimination in rats were used to investigate the laxative and/or intestinal reeducator effects of two phytotherapics. One composed by leaf powder and extract of Cassia angustifolia, extract of Cassia fistula, Tamarindus indica, leaf powder of Coriandrum sativum and powder of Glycyrrhiza glabra, in capsule and jelly form (Tamarilax Cápsulas® and Tamarilax Geleia®), the other composed by leaf powder and extract of Senna alexandrina, extracts of Cassia fistula, Tamarindus indica, Coriandrum sativum and Glycyrrhiza glabra in capsule and jelly form (Naturetti Cápsulas® and Naturetti Geleia®). The percentual of intestine traveled by the marker (charcoal) was equivalent for Tamarilax ® e Naturetti® capsule and jelly form to the percentual observed by magnesium sulfate (positive control group). The rat faeces elimination was enhanced in Tamarilax® and Naturetti® treated groups, with increased incidence of pasty faeces. The results indicate that both pytotherapics, Tamarilax® e Naturetti®, in capsule and jelly form showed similar laxative and/or intestinal reeducator activity, indicating equivalence.

Importancia de la excreción biliar en la farmacocinética del paracetamol en la rata

2013-10-17T12:02:29Z

Articulo Importance of biliary excretion in paracetamol pharmacokinetics in the rat Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 3 El presente trabajo reporta el estudio de la farmacocinética del paracetamol en ratas (100 mg/kg, p.o) con flujo biliar modificado, interrumpido por canulación del conducto biliar o estimulado por acción farmacológica con ácido ursodesoxicólico. A pesar de que el paracetamol sufre recirculación enterohepática y que la excreción biliar de la droga es una vía importante de eliminación en la rata, la alteración del flujo biliar no provocó diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el tiempo de vida medio de eliminación de la droga. Por el contrario, se observó una modificación de los parámetros farmacocinéticos relacionados con la biodisponibilidad del paracetamol.; The present work reports the study of paracetamol pharmacokinetics in the rat (100 mg/kg, p.o) with modified bile flow, interrupted by bile duct cannulation or pharmacologically stimulated by ursodeoxycholic acid. Even if paracetamol undergoes enterohepatic recycling and the biliary excretion has been reported to be an important pathway of drug elimination in the rat, the modification of the bile flow lead to no statistical significant difference in the elimination half life time of the drug. On the contrary, it was observed a change in the pharmacokinetic parameters related to the bioavailability of paracetamol.

Desarrollo de una formulación de tabletas revestidas de Azitromicina Dihidrato 500 mg.

2013-10-17T12:02:29Z

Articulo Development of a formulation of coated tablets of Azithromycin Dihidrate 500 mg. Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 3 En este trabajo se describe el desarrollo de una formulación de tabletas revestidas de Azitromicina dihidrato 500 mg. El método de fabricación empleado fue la vía húmeda convencional, tomando en consideración las características físico-químicas y tecnológicas del principio activo. En el revestimiento de las tabletas se utilizó un sistema acuoso empleando hidroxipropilmetilcelulosa como polímero de cubierta. Los lotes de estabilidad fueron elaborados a escala piloto, demostrando la factibilidad del proceso de fabricación a esta escala. Las tabletas revestidas presentaron adecuadas propiedades físico-mecánicas y tecnológicas y las mismas fueron envasadas en diferentes tipos de envase. La estabilidad química y microbiológica del producto terminado fue estudiada durante 12 meses y los resultados demostraron la buena estabilidad del producto.; In this work the development of a formulation of coated tablets of Azithromycin dihydrate 500 mg is described. The manufacture method used was the conventional humid road, taking in consideration the physicochemical and technological characteristics of the active principle. The coating system used was HPMC in water as cover polymer. The stability lots were elaborated to scale pilot, demonstrating the feasibility of the production process to this scale. The coated tablets presented appropriate physico-mechanical and technological properties and the same ones were packed in different container types. The chemical and microbiological stability of the finished product were studied during 12 months, the results demonstrating the good stability of the product.

Comprimidos bioadhesivos formulados con excipientes hidrofílicos para uso bucofaríngeo

2013-10-17T12:02:29Z

Articulo Bioadhesive tablets developed with hydrophilic excipients for buccal-pharyngeal administration Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 3 Se desarrollaron comprimidos bioadhesivos usando diferentes derivados de celulosa (HPMC K15M y HPMC K100M) y alginatos (Protanal® LF 120 M y Protanal® LF 240 D). Se realizaron estudios de caracterización in vitro y de mucoadhesión ex vivo de todas las formulaciones. Como modelo de droga se utilizó clorhidrato de ciprofloxacino. Se evaluó la cinética de liberación in vitro del fármaco. Las formulaciones que sufren menor erosión son las de mayor tiempo de adherencia. De esta manera, se obtienen comprimidos que poseen un buen poder de adherencia con la menor erosión matricial. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, la estructura de la forma farmacéutica se mantendría casi intacta mientras permanece en la cavidad bucal.; Bioadhesive tablets were developed using different derivatives from cellulose (HPMC K15M and HPMC K100M) and alginate (Protanal® LF 120 M and Protanal® LF 240 D). All tablets formulations were described by in vitro characterization and ex vivo mucoadhesion studies. Ciprofloxacine hydrochlorate was used as a drug model. In vitro drug release kinetic was evaluated. The formulations that undergo minor erosion are those of greater time of adhesion. This way, highly adhesive tablets can be obtained, showing minimum matrix erosion. According to the results, the structure of the pharmaceutical form would stay almost intact while it remains in the buccal cavity.

Actividad antimicrobiana de Senecio desiderabilis Vellozo (Asteraceae)

2013-10-17T12:02:29Z

Articulo Antimicrobial activity of Senecio desiderabilis Vellozo (Asteraceae) Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 3 Los extractos diclorometánico y etanólico de S. desiderabilis Vellozo fueron analizados en relación a su actividad antimicrobiana por el método de microdilución en caldo. El efecto más fuerte ocurrió con el extracto diclorometánico frente a Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans y C. neoformans var. gatti (MIC 50 µg/mL), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (25 µg/mL) y Microsporum canis (25 µg/mL). Pseudomonas aeruginosa multiresistente y Escherichia coli no fueron inhibidos por ninguno de los extractos.; CH₂CI₂ and EtOH extracts from S. desiderabilis Vellozo were tested concerning their antimicrobial activity by broth microdilution method. The strongest effect was manifested by the CH₂CI₂ extract against Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans and C. neoformans var. gatti (MIC 50 µg/mL), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (25 mg/mL) and Microsporum canis (25 mg/mL). Escherichia coli and multirresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were not inhibited by any extract.