Volumen 36 | Número 01

Cuadernos de Herpetología | Volumen 36 | Número 1

2023-05-17T20:02:29Z

Edicion de revista Cuadernos de Herpetología; vol. 36, no. 1 Trabajos - Hannemania sp. larvae (Acari: Leeuwenhoekiidae) in Leptodactylus luctator (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in the Pampa biome, southern Brazil | Juliana H. Wolter, Carolina S. Mascarenhas, Bruna M. Chaviel, Ana Beatriz D. Henzel, Ricardo R. C. Silva, Frank Lira, Gertrud Müller - Herpetofauna of an urban environmental protection area in an Amazon forest remnant of Amapá state, northern Brazil | Rodrigo Tavares-Pinheiro, Vinícius A. M. B. de Figueiredo, Fernanda S. Melo, Aline E. Oliveira-Souza, Abdiel Pinheiro-Freitas, Carlos E. Costa-Campos - Lipidic cycle, condition factor and reproductive cell maturation in Gymnodactylus darwinii Gray, 1845 (Squamata, Phyllodactylidae) from a fragment of Atlantic Forest in northeastern Brazil | Leonardo P. C. Oitaven, Márcio F. Chaves, José L. de Araújo, Felipe S. Ribeiro, Geraldo J.B. de Moura - Reproductive strategies of the semifossorial snake Atractus zebrinus from the Atlantic Forest | Lucas Henrique Carvalho Siqueira, Jade Lima-Santos, Karina Maria Pereira Silva - Taxonomic notes on the Phalotris bilineatus group (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Elapomorphini), with the description of a new species from northwestern Argentina | Gustavo J. Scrocchi, Alejandro R. Giraudo, Santiago J. Nenda Notas - Preliminary inventory of the anuran fauna of the Mata Estrela Private Natural Heritage Reserve, in the Atlantic Forest of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil | Cristiane Nikely S. Palmeira, Ubiratan Gonçalves, Marcos J. Matias Dubeux, Luana Rodrigues Lima, Carolina Lambertini, Anyelet Valencia-Aguilar, Thomas Stuart Jenkinson, Timothy Yong James, Luís Felipe Tole- do, Tamí Mott - O canto de soltura de Rhinella crucifer (Wied-Neuwied, 1821), no Estado de Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil | Flávio José da Silva, Emerson Gonçalves Dias, Marcelo Nogueira de Carvalho Kokubum, Ednilza Maranhão dos Santos - Breeding activity of Dendropsophus counani (Anura: Hylidae) in eastern Brazilian Amazonia | Patrick Ribeiro Sanches, Fillipe Pedroso-Santos, Carlos Eduardo Costa-Campos - Tail-break frequency inferences on Lygodactylus klugei (Smith, Martin & Swain, 1977) (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in northeastern Brazil | Antônio Rafael Lima Ramos, John Allyson Andrade Oliveira, Margarida Maria Xavier da Silva, Robson Victor Tavares, Diva Maria Borges-Nojosa - First observations on courtship and nesting behavior of Kinosternon vogti (Testudines: Kinosternidae) | Carlos Santiago Rosales-Martínez, Carlos Daniel Bello-Sánchez, Marco Antonio López-Luna, Armando H. Escobedo-Galván, Fabio G. Cupul-Magaña - Defensive behaviors of Leptodactylus rhodomystax (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from northern Brazil | Fillipe Pedroso-Santos, Vinícius A. M. B. de Figueiredo, Carlos E. Costa-Campos - Diet composition of two hylid species (Dendropsophus haraldschultzi and D. minutus) in anthropogenic environments in eastern Amazonia | Ana Luiza Sangel Soeiro, Anna Klara Matos Guerreiro, Aline Emanuele Oliveira-Souza, Maria Madalena Salviano Santana, Carlos Eduardo Costa-Campos Novedades zoogeográficas - Leiosaurus jaguaris Laspiur, Acosta & Abdala, 2007 (Squamata: Leiosauridae): Primer registro para el Parque Nacional Talampaya, provincia de La Rioja, Argentina | Victor M. Pardo, Luciana L. Castillo, Ana C. Ochoa, Lucía Martínez Retta - New record and updated distribution map for Drymoluber brazili (Gomes, 1918) (Serpentes: Colubridae) | Sâmia Caroline Melo Araújo, Lucas Rafael Uchôa, Felipe Paixão de Sena, Carina Uchôa Barbosa, Alan Pablo Antonio Gonçalves Campêlo de Sousa, Etielle Barroso de Andrade - New distribution record of endangered and endemic frog Pristimantis quantus (Lynch, 1998) in western Andes of Colombia | Freddy A. Grisales-Martínez, Beatriz E. Rendón-Valencia - Primera cita de Hemidactylus mabouia (Moreau de Jonnès, 1818) en la provincia de Jujuy, Argentina | María Paula Cabrera, Eduardo Vargas, Juan Carlos Stazzonelli

Hannemania sp. larvae (Acari: Leeuwenhoekiidae) in Leptodactylus luctator (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in the Pampa biome, southern Brazil

2023-05-17T20:02:34Z

Articulo Cuadernos de Herpetología; vol. 36, no. 1 The study aims to register Hannemania larvae in Leptodactylus luctator and their infestation rates in an area of the Pampa biome at the extreme south of Brazil. Forty-six specimens of L. luctator (25 females: 21 males) collected in an urban area of the state of Rio Grande do Sul were examined. The prevalence of mites was 93.5%, and 4207 larvae were collected. The mean intensity of infestation was 97.8 mites/host (6-379). There were no significant differences in the prevalence and mean intensity of infestation between male and female hosts. There was no relationship between abundance of larvae and size of anurans. The study increases knowledge of the parasitic fauna and its parasitological indices in anurans from extreme south of Brazil.; O estudo tem o objetivo de registrar larvas de Hannemania sp. em Leptodactylus luctator e suas taxas de infestação em uma área do bioma Pampa no extremo sul do Brasil. Foram examinados 46 espécimes de L. luctator (25 fêmeas: 21 machos) coletados em uma área urbana do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A prevalência de ácaros foi de 93,5%, e 4207 larvas foram coletadas. A intensidade média de infestação foi de 97,8 ácaros/hospedeiro (6-379). Não houve diferenças significativas na prevalência e intensidade média de infestação entre hospedeiros machos e fêmeas. Não houve relação entre abundância de larvas e tamanho dos anuros. O estudo amplia o conhecimento da fauna parasitária e seus índices parasitológicos em anuros no extremo sul do Brasil.

Diet composition of two hylid species (Dendropsophus haraldschultzi and D. minutus) in anthropogenic environments in eastern Amazonia

2023-05-17T20:02:35Z

Articulo Cuadernos de Herpetología; vol. 36, no. 1 The diet composition of hylids ranges from generalist to specialist, depending on the relative proportions of different types of prey found in their gastrointestinal tracts and trophic niche. Here, we report the diet composition and compare the niche breadth of two syntopic hylid species in eastern Amazonia, Dendropsophus haraldschultzi and D. minutus, which use anthropogenic environments during the rainy season. We collected 32 individuals of D. haraldschultzi and 30 individuals of D. minutus. The most important preys found in the diet of D. haraldschultzi were Hemiptera (34.6%), whereas Lepidoptera larvae (63.8%) were predominant in the diet of D. minutus. Both Dendropsophus species had a similar niche breadth with generalist characteristics. The consumption of mobile and slow-moving prey, and hard-bodied and soft-bodied arthropods, indicated a combined use of both “sit-and-wait” and “active search” foraging strategies.

O canto de soltura de Rhinella crucifer (Wied-Neuwied, 1821), no Estado de Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil

2023-05-17T20:02:36Z

Articulo Cuadernos de Herpetología; vol. 36, no. 1 In this work, we describe for the first time the release call of Rhinella crucifer in addition to comparing its advertisement call with other species of your group. The records were made in an area of Atlantic Forest, named Refúgio de Vida Silvestre Matas de Sirij, in the municipality of São Vicente Férrer, state of Pernambuco, in the Northeast Region of Brazil. At 18 June 2019, 24 advertisement vocalizations of four males were recorded, of which three emit 31 release calls. The results showed a structural difference between the two types of vocalizations, such as the presence of pulses defined, harmonics and greater modulation in the release call. Compared to other Rhinella species of the crucifer group, the release call of R. crucifer had a greater resemblance to R. ornata in the duration and interval of notes and number and interval of pulses. While the proximity of the dynamic parameters of the advertisement call with R. casconi, the highlight was the compatibility of the dominant frequency with R. inopina. This work adds new information on the vocal repertoire of the species, which contributes to information about your natural history.; Neste trabalho descrevemos pela primeira vez o canto de soltura de Rhinella crucifer além de comparar o seu canto de anúncio com outras espécies de seu grupo. Os registros foram feitos em uma área de Floresta Atlântica denominada Refúgio de Vida Silvestres Matas de Sirij, no município de São Vicente Férrer, Pernambuco, na Região nordeste do Brasil. No dia 18 de junho de 2019 foram registradas 24 vocalizações de anúncio de quatro machos, dos quais três reproduziram 31 chamadas de soltura. Os resultados mostraram que houve diferença estrutural entre os dois tipos de cantos, como a presença de pulsos definidos, harmônicos e maior modulação no canto de soltura. Quando comparado com outras espécies de Rhinella do grupo crucifer, o canto de soltura do R. crucifer teve maior semelhança com R. ornata na duração e intervalo de notas e número e intervalo de pulsos. Apesar da proximidade dos parâmetros dinâmicos do canto de anuncio com R. casconi, o destaque foi a similaridade da frequência dominante com R. inopina. Com este trabalho adicionamos mais informações do repertório vocal da espécie, o que contribui com informações sobre sua história natural.

Taxonomic notes on the Phalotris bilineatus group (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Elapomorphini), with the description of a new species from northwestern Argentina

2023-05-17T20:02:39Z

Articulo Cuadernos de Herpetología; vol. 36, no. 1 The examination of 93 specimens of the Phalotris bilineatus group housed in the major Argentinian collections allowed us to recognize three additional species of this group. We propose the resurrection of two names, Phalotris spegazzinii and Phalotris suspectus, previously placed in the synonymy of P. bilineatus, and describe a new species from northwestern Argentina. The new species is recognized based on a unique combination of morphological characters. In addition, we redescribe the resurrected taxa (providing variation in color patterns, meristic and morphometric characters) and present new data on their geographic distributions.; El examen de 93 ejemplares del grupo de Phalotris bilineatus depositados en las principales colecciones de la Argentina permitió reconocer tres especies adicionales del complejo. Proponemos la revalidación de dos nombres, Phalotris spegazzinii y Phalotris suspectus, previamente ubicados en la sinonimia de Phalotris bilineatus, y se describe una nueva especie del noroeste de la Argentina. La nueva especie se reconoce con base en una combinación única de caracteres. Adicionalmente, redescribimos los taxones revalidados (brindando información sobre patrones de coloración, caracteres morfológicos y merísticos) y presentamos nuevos datos sobre su distribución geográfica.

Breeding activity of Dendropsophus counani (Anura: Hylidae) in eastern Brazilian Amazonia

2023-05-17T20:02:40Z

Articulo Cuadernos de Herpetología; vol. 36, no. 1 The current knowledge on the natural history are still scarce for most species of Amazonian anurans. Among these, the hylid Dendropsophus counani has incipient data on its breeding biology. Herein, we studied the breeding biology of D. counani in the breeding seasons at Cancão Municipal Natural Park, municipality of Serra do Navio, Amapá state. Males of D. counani often start calling in the late afternoon (17:45 pm) and continue at night. All clutches had been deposited on tree leaves (n = 8) and branches (n = 9) above the water, and after a few days the eggs hatching into exotrophic tadpoles that dropped from the gelatinous clutch in lentic waters. The number of eggs per egg clutch ranged from 40 to 153 eggs. Our study adds necessary data about the natural history of this species, in addition to increasing the knowledge of the breeding biology of Dendropsophus species.

Preliminary inventory of the anuran fauna of the Mata Estrela Private Natural Heritage Reserve, in the Atlantic Forest of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

2023-05-17T20:02:42Z

Articulo Cuadernos de Herpetología; vol. 36, no. 1 Tropical regions harbor the highest amphibian biodiversity, nevertheless, information on species composition is lacking in most areas yet these baseline data are essential to guide conservation strategies. The goal of the present study was to survey the anurans of a Private Natural Heritage Reserve named Mata Estrela, a fragment of about 26 km2 in the Northern Atlantic Forest, Brazil. The study was carried out as an active census in June 2015. We found 27 anuran species assigned to five families: Bufonidae (2 spp.), Craugastoridae (1 sp.), Hylidae (11 spp.), Leptodactylidae (12 spp.) and Phyllomedusidae (1 sp.). All species are widespread in the Atlantic forest as well as in other South American ecoregions. Descriptions of local diversity such as this one are a fundamental baseline for conservation work and are especially needed in the northern limits of the Atlantic forest, for which there is still a huge lack of biological knowledge.

First observations on courtship and nesting behavior of Kinosternon vogti (Testudines: Kinosternidae)

2023-05-16T20:02:58Z

Articulo Cuadernos de Herpetología; vol. 36, no. 1 Kinosternon vogti is one of the most narrowly distributed kinosternid turtles in Mexico; it is apparently restricted to small streams and ponds in the urban area of Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco and Bahía de Banderas, Nayarit. There is little information on the biology of this recently described and endangered species, particularly regarding reproductive biology. We report reproductive behaviors on two mating pairs of K. vogti in captivity. Males exhibited combat for copulating with female. During courtship, the male blocks the female movements, the female bites male´s rostrum scute, the male displays titillation posture, and finally the male moves to position himself above the female. The reproductive season begins with courtship in August-September and ends with egg-laying in November-December. Six and two eggs per clutch (non-viable eggs; average size, n = 5: 28.83 ± 1.19 x 15.95 ± 0.55 mm). Minimal reproductive size of females and males were CL (carapace length) = 88.37 mm and CL = 78.7 mm, respectively.

Tail-break frequency inferences on Lygodactylus klugei (Smith, Martin & Swain, 1977) (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in northeastern Brazil

2023-05-16T20:02:59Z

Articulo Cuadernos de Herpetología; vol. 36, no. 1 We investigated the sexual, interpopulational, and microhabitat use effects on the autotomy frequencies in the Kluge’s Dwarf Gecko Lygodactylus klugei in 12 populations inserted in the Caatinga ecoregion, in northeast Brazil. We observed the frequency of autotomized tails in each population by analyzing sexual differences and the characteristics of the trees used, such as the number of branches, presence of thorns, and trunk texture (smooth or rough). The autotomy frequencies ranged from 28.5% to 75% among these populations. We did not find differences in population, sex or on the presence of thorns and number of branches available in the trees used on autotomy rates. On the other hand, lizards found on smooth trunks had a higher rate of autotomized tails compared to those found on rough trunks. We suggest that the presence of crevices in trees with rough trunks is an important factor responsible for protecting lizards against predator attacks.

Defensive behaviors of Leptodactylus rhodomystax (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from northern Brazil

2023-05-16T20:03:01Z

Comunicacion Cuadernos de Herpetología; vol. 36, no. 1 The study of defensive behaviors in anurans can lead to new hypotheses for a better understanding of prey-predator interactions. Herein, based on field observations, we described for the first time defensive behaviors of Leptodactylus rhodomystax. The studied individual displayed stretching limbs posture and evidenced hidden aposematism. Hidden aposematism was occasionally described to occur with stretching limbs posture. Our observations suggest that synergistic defense mechanisms in anurans may be more common than currently known.

Leiosaurus jaguaris Laspiur, Acosta & Abdala, 2007 (Squamata: Leiosauridae): Primer registro para el Parque Nacional Talampaya, provincia de La Rioja, Argentina

2023-05-16T20:03:03Z

Comunicacion Cuadernos de Herpetología; vol. 36, no. 1 Localidad.- Argentina, provincia de La Rioja, Departamentos de General Felipe Varela e Independencia, Parque Nacional Talampaya (29°47’38.5’’S, 67°59’05.8’’W). Fecha: 4 de marzo de 2020. Avistado y fotografiado por Lucía Martínez Retta, Victor M. Pardo y Ana C. Ochoa. Fotografías depositadas en la Colección Herpetológica de la Fundación Miguel Lillo (FML 30834).

Lipidic cycle, condition factor and reproductive cell maturation in Gymnodactylus darwinii Gray, 1845 (Squamata, Phyllodactylidae) from a fragment of Atlantic Forest in northeastern Brazil

2023-05-16T20:03:05Z

Articulo Cuadernos de Herpetología; vol. 36, no. 1 In this study, we describe a variation in fat bodies (liposomatic relationship), condition factor (the welfare degree of a population against the environment, K1), and male and female reproductive cells of the gecko Gymnodactylus darwinii (Gray, 1845) collected in two contiguous protected areas (Tapacurá and Mata do Camucim forests) in the municipality of São Lourenço da Mata, Pernambuco state, Brazil. We assessed seasonal variation and the influence of biotic (body temperature and K1 condition factor) and abiotic (air temperature and precipitation) factors on the lipidic cycle and reproductive cells’ maturation. As typical in geckos, fat bodies in G. darwinii decreased markedly during the high temperature and low precipitation periods. A slight variation in K1 suggests similar levels of energetic investment in growth and sexual maturation. Different reproductive cells matured similarly in sexually mature individuals, indicating a continuous, synchronised maturation cycle. Nonetheless, while fat bodies decreased and the number of mature reproductive cells increased in dry months, the opposite pattern was observed in rainy months. Our results indicate that G. darwinii does not show reproductive seasonality but instead peaks of reproductive activity (reproductive cell maturation, mating, lay eggs) synchronised in females and males, regulated by body temperature and climatic variables, including air temperature and precipitation.

New record and updated distribution map for Drymoluber brazili (Gomes, 1918) (Serpentes: Colubridae)

2023-05-15T20:02:48Z

Comunicacion Cuadernos de Herpetología; vol. 36, no. 1 Locality.- Brazil, state of Piauí, municipality of Pedro II, Grota rural village (4°29’56” S; 41°28’59” W, datum WGS84, ca. 580 m above sea level). Collected by Felipe Paixão de Sena on April 21, 2021, around 11:00 am. Deposited in the Biological Collection of the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciências e Tecnologias do Piauí-IFPI Campus Pedro II (CBPII 189).

New distribution record of endangered and endemic frog Pristimantis quantus (Lynch, 1998) in western Andes of Colombia

2023-05-15T20:02:51Z

Comunicacion Cuadernos de Herpetología; vol. 36, no. 1 Locality- Colombia, western Andes, Antioquia department, Jardín municipality, vereda Macanas, Natural Reserve El Centello, (5°30’11.48”N; 75°51’6.05”O, WGS84, 2461 m elevation). The 17 July 2018 at 20:15 h. during a field trip Beatriz Rendón-Valencia and her assistant Divier Idárraga found an adult of Pristimantis quantus.

Reproductive strategies of the semifossorial snake Atractus zebrinus from the Atlantic Forest

2023-05-15T20:02:54Z

Comunicacion Cuadernos de Herpetología; vol. 36, no. 1 Secretive snakes (e.g., fossorial or semifossorial) show morphological adaptations that may constrain potential reproductive output. However, females can store sperm in the reproductive tract, increasing their reproductive potential. Thus, studies on the reproduction of fossorial and semifossorial species are of great interest for a complete understanding of snake reproductive strategies. Here, we investigate the reproductive strategies of the semifossorial snake Atractus zebrinus through macroscopic and histological analyzes of the male and female reproductive tracts. Females were larger and had more ventral scales than males, the most common pattern in snakes, and apparently conserved in the genera. The female reproductive cycle was seasonal, with gravid females occurring in spring and summer. Rainfall seems to be the major factor driving female reproductive seasonality, and sperm storage in the infundibular receptacles may ensure fertilization and multiple paternity. The male reproductive cycle was aseasonal. Spermiation, hypertrophy of the sexual segment of the kidney, and sperm storage in the ductus deferentia occurred over several months. This aseasonal reproduction in males may enhance paternity by increasing the species mating chances.; Las serpientes fosoriales y semifosoriales presentan adaptaciones morfológicas que pueden limitar su reproducción. Sin embargo, las hembras pueden almacenar espermatozoides en el tracto reproductivo aumentando su potencial reproductivo. Por lo tanto, estudios sobre la reproducción de especies fosoriales y semifosoriales son de gran interés para la comprensión de las estrategias reproductivas de las serpientes. En este trabajo, investigamos las estrategias reproductivas de la serpiente semifossorial Atractus zebrinus através de análisis macroscópicos y cortes histológicos de los tractos reproductivos de machos y hembras. Como resultado, encontramos que las hembras fueron más grandes y tenían más escamas ventrales que los machos. Por otro lado, el ciclo reproductivo de las hembras fue estacional, con hembras grávidas en primavera y verano. La lluvia parece ser el factor principal que influencia la estacionalidad reproductiva de las hembras, y el almacenamiento de espermatozoide en los receptáculos infundibulares podría asegurar la fertilización y la paternidad múltiple. Además, el ciclo reproductivo de los machos no fue estacional. En varios meses, se encontraron procesos de espermiación, hipertrofia del segmento sexual del riñón y almacenamiento de semen en el conducto deferente. Esta reproducción no estacional en los machos puede aumentar las posibilidades de apareamiento de la especie.

Primera cita de Hemidactylus mabouia (Moreau de Jonnès, 1818) en la provincia de Jujuy, Argentina

2023-05-15T20:02:59Z

Comunicacion Cuadernos de Herpetología; vol. 36, no. 1 Localidad.- Argentina. Provincia de Jujuy, Departamento Ledesma, Libertador Gral. San Martín (23°48´S - 64°47´W; 482 m s.n.m) (Fig.1). 29 de octubre de 2019. Lucas Flores. Colectado en el interior de una vivienda. Colección de Herpetología de la Fundación Miguel Lillo FML 31080.

Herpetofauna of an urban environmental protection area in an Amazon forest remnant of Amapá state, northern Brazil

2023-05-15T20:03:00Z

Articulo Cuadernos de Herpetología; vol. 36, no. 1 The herpetofauna of Amazonia biome is one of the richest in the world. However, there is a lack of information on its richness and distribution. Here we provide a list of the herpetofauna from the Environmental Protection Area of Lagoa dos Índios, state of Amapá, Brazil, in the northern Amazon Forest. Sampling effort was conducted by active search in three distinct transects from January to May 2018 (rainy season) and August to December 2019 (drought season). We recorded 46 species composing the local herpetofauna, being 18 amphibians and 28 reptiles. Scinax ruber, Gonatodes humeralis and Helicops angulatus were the most abundant species. Regarding the conservation status, two species are categorized as Date Data deficient, (Lysapsus bolivianus and Eunectes deschauenseei), and one as Vulnerable (Podocnemis unifilis) in the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Podocnemis unifilis is also considered Near Threatened in the Brazilian Red List of Endangered Species. Our results suggest that local biodiversity is still underestimated and, if expanded, could increase the species richness in the area. This study represents preliminary trends and raise further questions concerning the herpetofauna assemblage of Eastern Brazilian Amazonia.; El bioma de la herpetofauna de la Amazonia es uno de los más ricos del mundo. Sin embargo, falta información sobre su riqueza y distribución. Aquí proporcionamos una lista de la herpetofauna del Área de Protección Ambiental de Lagoa dos Índios, estado de Amapá, Brasil, en el norte de la Selva Amazónica. El esfuerzo de muestreo se realizó mediante búsqueda activa en tres transectos distintos de enero a mayo de 2018 (temporada de lluvias) y de agosto a diciembre de 2019 (temporada de sequía). Registramos 46 especies que componen la herpetofauna local, siendo 18 anfibios y 28 reptiles. Scinax ruber, Gonatodes humeralis y Helicops angulatus fueron las especies más abundantes. En cuanto al estado de conservación, dos especies están categorizadas como Datos deficientes en fecha, (Lysapsus bolivianus y Eunectes deschauenseei), y una como Vulnerable (Podocnemis unifilis) en la Lista Roja de la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza. Podocnemis unifilis también se considera Casi Amenazada en la Lista Roja Brasileña de Especies Amenazadas. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la biodiversidad local todavía se subestima y, si se amplía, podría aumentar la riqueza de especies en el área. Este estudio representa tendencias preliminares y plantea más preguntas sobre el conjunto de herpetofauna de la Amazonia brasileña oriental.