http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/229 2026-05-20T04:15:22Z 2026-05-20T04:15:22Z Ashok Kumar, Bagepalli Srinivas Lakshman, Kuruba Jayaveera, Korala Konta Narsimha Shekar, Devangam Sheshadri Muragan, Chinna SwamyVel http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7961 2019-06-29T04:03:29Z 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

Comunicacion Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 4 The methanolic extract of whole plant of Amaranthus caudatus Linn. (MEAC), was tested for antinociceptive (using hot plate method, acetic acid writhing and tail immersion) and antipyretic (using yeast induced pyrexia) activities using mice and rats at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. MEAC significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited acetic acid induced writhing and also significantly delayed the reaction time of mice to thermal stimulation produced by the hot plate and hot water in tail immersion test. MEAC significantly (p < 0.01) reduced fever induced by yeast. These results suggest that the MEAC has exhibited significant antinociceptive and antipyretic effects, which were comparable with standard drugs.

2010-01-01T00:00:00Z The methanolic extract of whole plant of Amaranthus caudatus Linn. (MEAC), was tested for antinociceptive (using hot plate method, acetic acid writhing and tail immersion) and antipyretic (using yeast induced pyrexia) activities using mice and rats at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. MEAC significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited acetic acid induced writhing and also significantly delayed the reaction time of mice to thermal stimulation produced by the hot plate and hot water in tail immersion test. MEAC significantly (p < 0.01) reduced fever induced by yeast. These results suggest that the MEAC has exhibited significant antinociceptive and antipyretic effects, which were comparable with standard drugs. Schneider, Naira F.Z. Moura, Neusa F. de Mendonça, Luciene C. Denardim, Rosiane B.N. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7960 2019-06-29T04:03:29Z 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

Comunicacion Antimicrobial activity of the leaves of Casearia sylvestris Swart Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 4 A atividade antimicrobiana das folhas da espécie Casearia sylvestris foi determinada utilizando a metodologia Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Letal Mínima (CLM). Foram testados o extrato bruto e as frações hexânica, clorofórmica, acetato de etila e o óleo essencial da espécie C. sylvestris, sendo que todos demonstraram atividade antimicrobiana. Entre as frações testadas, a hexânica apresentou melhor CIM frente a Staphylococcus aureus e óleo essencial apresentou atividade bacteriostática e bactericida frente Escherichia coli.; The antimicrobial activity of Casearia sylvestris leaves was determined using the methodology Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Lethal Concentration (CLM). The crude extract and the fractions hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and the essential oil of the species C. sylvestris were tested and all showed antimicrobial activity. Among the fractions tested, the hexane showed better MIC against S. aureus and essential oils showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against E. coli

2010-01-01T00:00:00Z A atividade antimicrobiana das folhas da espécie Casearia sylvestris foi determinada utilizando a metodologia Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Letal Mínima (CLM). Foram testados o extrato bruto e as frações hexânica, clorofórmica, acetato de etila e o óleo essencial da espécie C. sylvestris, sendo que todos demonstraram atividade antimicrobiana. Entre as frações testadas, a hexânica apresentou melhor CIM frente a Staphylococcus aureus e óleo essencial apresentou atividade bacteriostática e bactericida frente Escherichia coli. The antimicrobial activity of Casearia sylvestris leaves was determined using the methodology Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Lethal Concentration (CLM). The crude extract and the fractions hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and the essential oil of the species C. sylvestris were tested and all showed antimicrobial activity. Among the fractions tested, the hexane showed better MIC against S. aureus and essential oils showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against E. coli Manfredi, Márcia A. B. Menoncin, Sergio M. Santos, Thalita G. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7959 2019-06-29T04:03:28Z 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

Comunicacion Tecnosurveillance: the quality of medical devices in a hospital of the sentinel network Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 4 Neste trabalho realizou-se um estudo da qualidade dos produtos para a saúde em um Hospital da Rede Sentinela com o objetivo de subsidiar a ANVISA e melhorar a segurança na utilização destes produtos. O estudo teve caráter quantitativo e foi realizado no período de fevereiro de 2006 a maio de 2008. Foram analisados 376 produtos para a saúde. A ocorrência de queixas técnicas de artigos médico-hospitalares (197) foram maiores do que queixas técnicas de medicamentos (179). O principal problema encontrado nos artigos médico-hospitalares foi a ausência do produto ou parte dele da embalagem original (29%). Nas queixas técnicas de medicamentos, o desvio mais frequentemente encontrado foi a turvação da solução de medicamentos de administração por via parenteral (24%). Os resultados demonstram que apesar da legislação vigente, ainda existem produtos sendo comercializados fora dos padrões de qualidade. A tecnovigilância é um método eficaz que pode ser utilizado para colaborar na melhora da qualidade destes produtos.; A study based on the quality of medical devices has been carried out in a Hospital of The Sentinel Network to subsidize the ANVISA and to evaluate and improve the security of theses products. It is a quantitative study and was held in period of February 2006 to May 2008. The analysis was based on 376 products with problems. The occurrences of technical complaints in medical devices (197) were higher than technical complaints in drugs (179). The main problem found in medical devices was the absence or part of the product of the original packaging (29%). In the drugs analyses, the most common problem were the turbidity of the solution from i.v. drugs (24%). The results show that despite of the legislation existing, many products are sold outside the standards of quality and tecnosurveillance is an effective method used to improve the quality of these products.

2010-01-01T00:00:00Z Neste trabalho realizou-se um estudo da qualidade dos produtos para a saúde em um Hospital da Rede Sentinela com o objetivo de subsidiar a ANVISA e melhorar a segurança na utilização destes produtos. O estudo teve caráter quantitativo e foi realizado no período de fevereiro de 2006 a maio de 2008. Foram analisados 376 produtos para a saúde. A ocorrência de queixas técnicas de artigos médico-hospitalares (197) foram maiores do que queixas técnicas de medicamentos (179). O principal problema encontrado nos artigos médico-hospitalares foi a ausência do produto ou parte dele da embalagem original (29%). Nas queixas técnicas de medicamentos, o desvio mais frequentemente encontrado foi a turvação da solução de medicamentos de administração por via parenteral (24%). Os resultados demonstram que apesar da legislação vigente, ainda existem produtos sendo comercializados fora dos padrões de qualidade. A tecnovigilância é um método eficaz que pode ser utilizado para colaborar na melhora da qualidade destes produtos. A study based on the quality of medical devices has been carried out in a Hospital of The Sentinel Network to subsidize the ANVISA and to evaluate and improve the security of theses products. It is a quantitative study and was held in period of February 2006 to May 2008. The analysis was based on 376 products with problems. The occurrences of technical complaints in medical devices (197) were higher than technical complaints in drugs (179). The main problem found in medical devices was the absence or part of the product of the original packaging (29%). In the drugs analyses, the most common problem were the turbidity of the solution from i.v. drugs (24%). The results show that despite of the legislation existing, many products are sold outside the standards of quality and tecnosurveillance is an effective method used to improve the quality of these products. Andrade, Juliana M. M. Apel, Miriam A. Ramirez, Maria Rosana Raseira, María C. B. Pereira, José F. M. Henriques, Amélia T. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7958 2019-06-29T04:03:27Z 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

Comunicacion Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 4 In this work, fruits of three cultivars, Caingangue, Cherokee and Guarani, originated from collections from Embrapa, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, were analyzed concerning the anthocyanin content and the essential oils composition. The anthocyanin content were determined by spectrophotometry, resulting in 0.606 ± 0.018 g/ 100 g, 0.728 ± 0.020 g/100 g and 0.854 ± 0.065 g/ 100 g expressed as cyanidin-3- glucoside, for the three cultivars, respectively. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus and the chemical characterization was performed by GC-FID and GCMS. The oil composition of Caingangue cultivar presented predominance of monoterpenes, especially piperitone (50.5%) and camphor (15.5%). The oil fractions of Cherokee and Guarani cvs. were characterized by sesquiterpenes. Cherokee fruits presented high amount of β-caryophyllene (29.6%) followed by the hexadecanoic acid (11.7%), whereas in Guarani fruits spathulenol (22.4%), globulol (16.9%), epi-globulol (11.3%), δ-cadinene (10.0%) and α-cadinene (10.0%) were the main constituents.

2010-01-01T00:00:00Z In this work, fruits of three cultivars, Caingangue, Cherokee and Guarani, originated from collections from Embrapa, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, were analyzed concerning the anthocyanin content and the essential oils composition. The anthocyanin content were determined by spectrophotometry, resulting in 0.606 ± 0.018 g/ 100 g, 0.728 ± 0.020 g/100 g and 0.854 ± 0.065 g/ 100 g expressed as cyanidin-3- glucoside, for the three cultivars, respectively. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus and the chemical characterization was performed by GC-FID and GCMS. The oil composition of Caingangue cultivar presented predominance of monoterpenes, especially piperitone (50.5%) and camphor (15.5%). The oil fractions of Cherokee and Guarani cvs. were characterized by sesquiterpenes. Cherokee fruits presented high amount of β-caryophyllene (29.6%) followed by the hexadecanoic acid (11.7%), whereas in Guarani fruits spathulenol (22.4%), globulol (16.9%), epi-globulol (11.3%), δ-cadinene (10.0%) and α-cadinene (10.0%) were the main constituents. Ghoghare, Ujwala R. Nirmal, Sunil A. Pawar, Pratap B. Pal, Subodh C. Mandal, Subhash C. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7957 2019-06-29T04:03:27Z 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

Comunicacion Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 4 Gynandropsis gynandra Linn. (Capparadiaceae) leaves are used in the treatment of pain traditionally. In order to evaluate its scientific validity, leaves were extracted successively to produce various extracts. These extracts were screened for antinociceptive activity using hot plate test and acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice at the dose of 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally. Aqueous extract was found most active in both the tests. Further it was fractionated into four major fractions and were screened by the same tests at the dose of 25 mg/kg, i.p. Results showed that AQI fraction is most active and may responsible for the antinociceptive action. GC-MS analysis of AQI fraction showed that it is a mixture of benzene acetic acid ethyl ester, octaneoic acid, dodecanal, and cholest-4-en-26-al, 3-oxo-, cyclic 26-(ethylene acetate).

2010-01-01T00:00:00Z Gynandropsis gynandra Linn. (Capparadiaceae) leaves are used in the treatment of pain traditionally. In order to evaluate its scientific validity, leaves were extracted successively to produce various extracts. These extracts were screened for antinociceptive activity using hot plate test and acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice at the dose of 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally. Aqueous extract was found most active in both the tests. Further it was fractionated into four major fractions and were screened by the same tests at the dose of 25 mg/kg, i.p. Results showed that AQI fraction is most active and may responsible for the antinociceptive action. GC-MS analysis of AQI fraction showed that it is a mixture of benzene acetic acid ethyl ester, octaneoic acid, dodecanal, and cholest-4-en-26-al, 3-oxo-, cyclic 26-(ethylene acetate). López Hernández, Orestes D. Núñez Figueredo, Yanier Menéndez Castillo, Rosa A. Nogueira Mendoza, Antonio Reyes T., Maria I. Toledo S., Carlos Pérez S., Enma Agüero Fernández, Sara http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7956 2019-06-29T04:03:25Z 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

Comunicacion Influence of the microencapsulation process on the pharmacological effect of Cucurbita pepo L. seed lipids Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 4 Las semillas de Cucurbita pepo L., por su elevado porcentaje de aceite fijo, son ricas en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados, fitoesteroles, tocoferoles y carotenoides, empleándose tradicionalmente como antiinflamatorio en el tratamiento de la hiperplasia benigna prostática. La microencapsulación mediante secado por aspersión del extracto lipídico de las semillas de Cucurbita pepo L., empleando polímeros naturales modifica el estado de agregación del extracto, permitiendo así presentarlo en forma sólida para elaborar tabletas o cápsulas. La microencapsulación le confiere una mayor biodisponibilidad, lográndose un efecto antiinflamatorio con dosis inferiores al extracto lipídico sin microencapsular originado por el alto grado de dispersión que le confiere el proceso de microencapsulación.; Most fixed oil of Cucurbita pepo L. seeds is composed by polyunsaturated fatty acids, fitoesterols, tocoferols and carotenoids, and is traditionally used as anti-inflammatory in the treatment of the benign prostatic hyperplasia. The microencapsulation by spray drying of the Cucurbita pepo L. seeds lipidic extract, using natural polymers, modifies the state of aggregation of the extract, allowing this way to present it in solid form to elaborate tablets or capsules. The microencapsulation generates a higher bioavailability, being achieved an anti-inflammatory effect with minor dose to the non microencapsulated lipidic extract, owed to the high dispersion degree that produces the microencapsulation processes.

2010-01-01T00:00:00Z Las semillas de Cucurbita pepo L., por su elevado porcentaje de aceite fijo, son ricas en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados, fitoesteroles, tocoferoles y carotenoides, empleándose tradicionalmente como antiinflamatorio en el tratamiento de la hiperplasia benigna prostática. La microencapsulación mediante secado por aspersión del extracto lipídico de las semillas de Cucurbita pepo L., empleando polímeros naturales modifica el estado de agregación del extracto, permitiendo así presentarlo en forma sólida para elaborar tabletas o cápsulas. La microencapsulación le confiere una mayor biodisponibilidad, lográndose un efecto antiinflamatorio con dosis inferiores al extracto lipídico sin microencapsular originado por el alto grado de dispersión que le confiere el proceso de microencapsulación. Most fixed oil of Cucurbita pepo L. seeds is composed by polyunsaturated fatty acids, fitoesterols, tocoferols and carotenoids, and is traditionally used as anti-inflammatory in the treatment of the benign prostatic hyperplasia. The microencapsulation by spray drying of the Cucurbita pepo L. seeds lipidic extract, using natural polymers, modifies the state of aggregation of the extract, allowing this way to present it in solid form to elaborate tablets or capsules. The microencapsulation generates a higher bioavailability, being achieved an anti-inflammatory effect with minor dose to the non microencapsulated lipidic extract, owed to the high dispersion degree that produces the microencapsulation processes. Singh, Udaya Pratap Das, Aparoop Chetia, Dipak Bhattacharya, Ashokanshu Subhaschandra, Yadav Pankajkumar Kumar, Vikas Bhat, HansRaj http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7955 2019-06-29T04:03:25Z 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

Comunicacion Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 4 A series of 2,4-bis(substitutedphenyl)-6-(4-(4-substitutedphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine- 2,4,6-triamine were synthesised, characterised by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass and elemental analysis and evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against three gram positive and gram negative bacteria by disk diffusion test and agar dilution technique with reference to streptomycin as standard. The antibacterial data revealed that compounds 2,4-bis(substitutedphenyl)-6-(4-(4-nitrophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine- 2,4,6-triamine had significant activity against the tested gram negative organism in reference to standard. However, these were nearly inactive against gram positive organisms.

2010-01-01T00:00:00Z A series of 2,4-bis(substitutedphenyl)-6-(4-(4-substitutedphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine- 2,4,6-triamine were synthesised, characterised by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass and elemental analysis and evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against three gram positive and gram negative bacteria by disk diffusion test and agar dilution technique with reference to streptomycin as standard. The antibacterial data revealed that compounds 2,4-bis(substitutedphenyl)-6-(4-(4-nitrophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine- 2,4,6-triamine had significant activity against the tested gram negative organism in reference to standard. However, these were nearly inactive against gram positive organisms. Lhez, Lucía Allemandi, Daniel A. Palma, Santiago D. Pappano, Nora B. Debattista, Nora B. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7954 2019-06-29T04:03:23Z 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

Comunicacion Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 4 Vehicles and enhancers effect on in vitro probenecid permeation through dermatomed abdominal pig skin was investigated. The permeability of different probenecid percentages dispersed in vehicles as vaseline, carbopol/ethanol/water and carbopol/propylene glycol was tested. The 1.3% L-menthol addition, as permeation enhancer, over probenecid/vaseline formulations showed the highest values for both, flux and permeation coefficient. Permeation experiments of the probenecid formulations in carbopol/ propylene glycol showed that the carbopol/probenecid concentration relation is the most important issue to be considered. Comparatively to lipophilic vehicle (vaseline), carbopol dispersions seen to be more convenient as vehicle for topical administration of probenecid. The results obtained from this study may be helpful in the development of a probenecid transdermal drug delivery system.

2010-01-01T00:00:00Z Vehicles and enhancers effect on in vitro probenecid permeation through dermatomed abdominal pig skin was investigated. The permeability of different probenecid percentages dispersed in vehicles as vaseline, carbopol/ethanol/water and carbopol/propylene glycol was tested. The 1.3% L-menthol addition, as permeation enhancer, over probenecid/vaseline formulations showed the highest values for both, flux and permeation coefficient. Permeation experiments of the probenecid formulations in carbopol/ propylene glycol showed that the carbopol/probenecid concentration relation is the most important issue to be considered. Comparatively to lipophilic vehicle (vaseline), carbopol dispersions seen to be more convenient as vehicle for topical administration of probenecid. The results obtained from this study may be helpful in the development of a probenecid transdermal drug delivery system. Patto, Daniela C.S. Leite, Heitor O.A. Tavares, Vanessa F. Almeida, Mariana M. de Lima, Cibele R. R. C. Alves, João M. P. Prado, Maria S. A. Hackmann, Erika R. M. K. Santoro, Maria Ines Rocha Miritello Singh, Anil K. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7953 2019-06-29T04:03:22Z 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

Articulo Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 4 New fast liquid chromatographic and capillary zone electrophoresis methods were developed and validated for simultaneous determination of atenolol and chlortalidone in combined dose tablets. The reversed phase HPLC method was carried out on a CN LiChrosorb® (125 x 4 mm, 5 μm) column. The CZE method was carried out on an uncoated fused-silica capillary of 30 cm x 75 μm i.d. with 25 mmol L^-1 sodium tetraborate, pH 9.4. The total analysis time was <6 and <2.5 min for HPLC and CZE methods, respectively. Both methods can be used for stability studies as well.

2010-01-01T00:00:00Z New fast liquid chromatographic and capillary zone electrophoresis methods were developed and validated for simultaneous determination of atenolol and chlortalidone in combined dose tablets. The reversed phase HPLC method was carried out on a CN LiChrosorb® (125 x 4 mm, 5 μm) column. The CZE method was carried out on an uncoated fused-silica capillary of 30 cm x 75 μm i.d. with 25 mmol L^-1 sodium tetraborate, pH 9.4. The total analysis time was <6 and <2.5 min for HPLC and CZE methods, respectively. Both methods can be used for stability studies as well. Alves, Bruno R. V. Reis, Adriano V. Albuquerque Cavalcanti, Osvaldo http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7952 2019-06-29T04:03:20Z 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

Articulo Characterization of ethylcellulose isolated films: evalution of hydration and permeability properties Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 4 Neste trabalho propusemos o desenvolvimento de filmes isolados constituídos de etilcelulose contendo novo aditivo de formulação, o alfa-glucoligossacarídeo (α-GOS), além do tensoativo Tween® 80, sendo este material candidato à aplicação ao processo de revestimento de formas farmacêuticas orais, destinadas à liberação cólon-específico. A partir de filmes isolados foram realizadas avaliações das propriedades de hidratação (índice de intumescimento) e permeabilidade através da transmissão de vapor d’água (TVA). Resultados evidenciaram que as incorporações dos aditivos proporcionaram maior hidratação e influência na permeabilidade dos filmes. A presença do α-GOS gerou a formação de novo material com habilidade filmogênica e com elevado grau de hidratação proporcionando maior acessibilidade ao ataque pelas bactérias colônicas aos filmes isolados, estabelecendo perspectiva de aplicação em revestimento de formas farmacêuticas orais, destinadas à liberação modificada de fármaco.; In this work was proposed the development of a new isolated film constituted of ethylcellulose and formulation additives: α-glucooligosaccharide (α-GOS) and/or surfactant Tween® 80. These materials have been used as candidate coating films for colon-specific drug delivery. Hydration and permeability studies were carried out through analyses of the index swelling and water vapor transmission (WTV), respectively. Results showed that the incorporation of the additives provided greater hydration and influence of the permeability to the film. The presence of the α-GOS produced the formation of new material with filmogenic ability and high degree of swelling providing the isolated films more accessible for bacterial attack to provides perspective application in pharmaceutical coating process of solid dosage oral form, destined for modified drug delivery systems

2010-01-01T00:00:00Z Neste trabalho propusemos o desenvolvimento de filmes isolados constituídos de etilcelulose contendo novo aditivo de formulação, o alfa-glucoligossacarídeo (α-GOS), além do tensoativo Tween® 80, sendo este material candidato à aplicação ao processo de revestimento de formas farmacêuticas orais, destinadas à liberação cólon-específico. A partir de filmes isolados foram realizadas avaliações das propriedades de hidratação (índice de intumescimento) e permeabilidade através da transmissão de vapor d’água (TVA). Resultados evidenciaram que as incorporações dos aditivos proporcionaram maior hidratação e influência na permeabilidade dos filmes. A presença do α-GOS gerou a formação de novo material com habilidade filmogênica e com elevado grau de hidratação proporcionando maior acessibilidade ao ataque pelas bactérias colônicas aos filmes isolados, estabelecendo perspectiva de aplicação em revestimento de formas farmacêuticas orais, destinadas à liberação modificada de fármaco. In this work was proposed the development of a new isolated film constituted of ethylcellulose and formulation additives: α-glucooligosaccharide (α-GOS) and/or surfactant Tween® 80. These materials have been used as candidate coating films for colon-specific drug delivery. Hydration and permeability studies were carried out through analyses of the index swelling and water vapor transmission (WTV), respectively. Results showed that the incorporation of the additives provided greater hydration and influence of the permeability to the film. The presence of the α-GOS produced the formation of new material with filmogenic ability and high degree of swelling providing the isolated films more accessible for bacterial attack to provides perspective application in pharmaceutical coating process of solid dosage oral form, destined for modified drug delivery systems Baratto, Leopoldo Duarte, Márcia do Rocio Moraes Santos, Cid Aimbiré de http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7951 2019-06-29T04:03:19Z 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

Articulo Leaf morpho-anatomy of Rauvolfia sellowii Müll. Arg., Apocynaceae Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 4 Rauvolfia sellowii Müll. Arg. (Apocynaceae), uma árvore nativa brasileira rica em alcaloides indólicos, é conhecida como "pau-pra-tudo" e utilizada popularmente como hipocolesterolêmica, hipoglicêmica e anti-hipertensiva. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar morfoanatomicamente a folha desta planta medicinal, a fim de contribuir para o controle de qualidade e autenticidade desta espécie. O material vegetal foi fixado e submetido às microtécnicas usuais. Como características destacam-se: folhas simples, glabras, lanceolado-obovadas, de mesofilo dorsiventral e lâmina hipoestomática, com estômatos paracíticos e epiderme uniestratificada, revestida por cutícula estriada; nervura central biconvexa e pecíolo plano-convexo, ambos com um feixe vascular bicolateral em forma de arco aberto; laticíferos, amiloplastos e drusas de oxalato de cálcio presentes no parênquima fundamental da nervura central e do pecíolo. Estes caracteres morfoanatômicos em conjunto podem ser utilizados como parâmetros para o controle de qualidade desta espécie.

2010-01-01T00:00:00Z Rauvolfia sellowii Müll. Arg. (Apocynaceae), uma árvore nativa brasileira rica em alcaloides indólicos, é conhecida como "pau-pra-tudo" e utilizada popularmente como hipocolesterolêmica, hipoglicêmica e anti-hipertensiva. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar morfoanatomicamente a folha desta planta medicinal, a fim de contribuir para o controle de qualidade e autenticidade desta espécie. O material vegetal foi fixado e submetido às microtécnicas usuais. Como características destacam-se: folhas simples, glabras, lanceolado-obovadas, de mesofilo dorsiventral e lâmina hipoestomática, com estômatos paracíticos e epiderme uniestratificada, revestida por cutícula estriada; nervura central biconvexa e pecíolo plano-convexo, ambos com um feixe vascular bicolateral em forma de arco aberto; laticíferos, amiloplastos e drusas de oxalato de cálcio presentes no parênquima fundamental da nervura central e do pecíolo. Estes caracteres morfoanatômicos em conjunto podem ser utilizados como parâmetros para o controle de qualidade desta espécie. Hussain, Javid Khan, Farman-ullah Gilani, Syed A. Abbas, Ghulam Ahmed, Sagheer Khan, Arif-ullah Ullah, Wasi Choudhary, Muhammad I. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7950 2019-06-29T04:03:18Z 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

Articulo Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 4 Nepeta suavis Stapf. (Lamiaceae), one of the ignored species for testing biological activities, was studied. In present research, the Nepeta suavis fractions: chloroform (FC), ethyl acetate (FE) and aqueous (FW) were evaluated for platelet aggregation, antiglycation, cytoxicity, and phytotoxicity. FE showed 65.60% antiglycation activity against the protein glycation while the other fractions showed less than 50% inhibitory potential. The FW inhibited arachidonic acid (AA) and platelet activating factor (acetyl-glyceryl-ether-phosphorylcholine, PAF) induced platelet aggregation. FE showed significant cytotoxicity against brine shrimp larvae with LD50 of 41.3 μg/ml. Phytotoxic studies of FC, FE and FW against Lemna minor showed 77.5-100% inhibitory effects at 1000 μg/ml. However, at lower concentration (10 μg/ml) enhancing effects were observed in FC and FE, as compared to control. FW remained in a uniform pattern of inhibitory effects in all three concentrations (10,100 and 1000 μg/ml). FE showed highest inhibitory activities against formation of glycation, while FW showed significant inhibitory effects against platelet aggregation and Lemna minor. Both of these fractions are recommended for further study to identify and isolate active chemical compounds.

2010-01-01T00:00:00Z Nepeta suavis Stapf. (Lamiaceae), one of the ignored species for testing biological activities, was studied. In present research, the Nepeta suavis fractions: chloroform (FC), ethyl acetate (FE) and aqueous (FW) were evaluated for platelet aggregation, antiglycation, cytoxicity, and phytotoxicity. FE showed 65.60% antiglycation activity against the protein glycation while the other fractions showed less than 50% inhibitory potential. The FW inhibited arachidonic acid (AA) and platelet activating factor (acetyl-glyceryl-ether-phosphorylcholine, PAF) induced platelet aggregation. FE showed significant cytotoxicity against brine shrimp larvae with LD50 of 41.3 μg/ml. Phytotoxic studies of FC, FE and FW against Lemna minor showed 77.5-100% inhibitory effects at 1000 μg/ml. However, at lower concentration (10 μg/ml) enhancing effects were observed in FC and FE, as compared to control. FW remained in a uniform pattern of inhibitory effects in all three concentrations (10,100 and 1000 μg/ml). FE showed highest inhibitory activities against formation of glycation, while FW showed significant inhibitory effects against platelet aggregation and Lemna minor. Both of these fractions are recommended for further study to identify and isolate active chemical compounds. Barman, Ranjan K. Gafur, Mohammad A. Rahman, Bytul M. Khondkar, Proma http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7949 2019-06-29T04:03:18Z 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

Articulo Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 4 A new compound, 8-propionate-2-β-(D+)-glucosyl-9,10-pyranopyridine, was isolated from the chloroform extract of a Streptomyces species. The structure of the compound was confirmed by spectroscopic techniques including UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 1H-1H COSY and HMBC (long range coupling) spectra. The compound showed significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the isolated compound against Bacillus megaterium, Streptococcus β-haemolyticus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae were found to be 0.16, 0.08, 0.08, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.08 μM, respectively.

2010-01-01T00:00:00Z A new compound, 8-propionate-2-β-(D+)-glucosyl-9,10-pyranopyridine, was isolated from the chloroform extract of a Streptomyces species. The structure of the compound was confirmed by spectroscopic techniques including UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 1H-1H COSY and HMBC (long range coupling) spectra. The compound showed significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the isolated compound against Bacillus megaterium, Streptococcus β-haemolyticus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae were found to be 0.16, 0.08, 0.08, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.08 μM, respectively. Singh, Akhilesh V. Pandey, Rishabh D. Nath, Lila K. Das, Anudwipa http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7948 2019-06-29T04:03:17Z 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

Articulo Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 4 The present investigation concerns the development of a floating matrix tablet, which after oral administration prolong the gastric residence time and increases bioavailability of drugs, which are predominantly absorbed from gastric region .With this aim, floating dosage form containing baclofen as drug, and different grades of HPMC as release retarding polymer was prepared. Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid were used as gas generating agents. Some factors were investigated concerning the effect of release retarding polymer on drug release behaviors like t50% and t90%. A 32 factorial design was applied to optimize the drug release profile. The amounts of HPMC K4M(X1) and HPMC K100M (X2) were selected as independent variables. The time required for 50% (t50%) and 90% (t90%) drug dissolution were selected as dependent variables. The results of full factorial design indicates that moderate amount of both the release retardant polymer, controlled the release behavior. It can be concluded from release kinetic models that the release followed Higuchi model, as the correlation coefficient (R2 value) was high in all the evaluated models. The release mechanism followed non-fickian diffusion as the release exponent (n-value) was >0.5 in all the optimized formulations.

2010-01-01T00:00:00Z The present investigation concerns the development of a floating matrix tablet, which after oral administration prolong the gastric residence time and increases bioavailability of drugs, which are predominantly absorbed from gastric region .With this aim, floating dosage form containing baclofen as drug, and different grades of HPMC as release retarding polymer was prepared. Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid were used as gas generating agents. Some factors were investigated concerning the effect of release retarding polymer on drug release behaviors like t50% and t90%. A 32 factorial design was applied to optimize the drug release profile. The amounts of HPMC K4M(X1) and HPMC K100M (X2) were selected as independent variables. The time required for 50% (t50%) and 90% (t90%) drug dissolution were selected as dependent variables. The results of full factorial design indicates that moderate amount of both the release retardant polymer, controlled the release behavior. It can be concluded from release kinetic models that the release followed Higuchi model, as the correlation coefficient (R2 value) was high in all the evaluated models. The release mechanism followed non-fickian diffusion as the release exponent (n-value) was >0.5 in all the optimized formulations. Khan, Shujaat A. Ahmad, Mahmood Aamir, Muhammad N. Murtaza, Ghulam Rasool, Fatima Akhtar, Muhammad http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7947 2019-06-29T04:03:13Z 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

Articulo Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 4 The aim of this study was to formulate ethyl cellulose (EC) microparticles for sustained release of nimesulide and study the effect of processing variables, drug to polymer ratio and also study the drug polymer compatibility. The microparticles were prepared by coacervation (temperature change) technique. Physical properties, such as particle size, entrapment efficiency, release pattern and morphological characteristics were investigated by in vitro dissolution, SEM, FTIR, XRD, DSC and TGA in order to optimize the formulation of the microparticles. With the increase of polymer concentration there was an increase in size and drug entrapment efficiency of microparticles. There was a decrease in size and nonlinear change in entrapment efficiency with the increase of stirring speed and time. The release of drug from microparticles was anomalous diffusion. It was confirmed that there is no strong chemical interaction between drug and polymer except the change in crystal habit and polymorphism. Ethyl cellulose microparticles containing nimesulide are suitable for controlled release devising.

2010-01-01T00:00:00Z The aim of this study was to formulate ethyl cellulose (EC) microparticles for sustained release of nimesulide and study the effect of processing variables, drug to polymer ratio and also study the drug polymer compatibility. The microparticles were prepared by coacervation (temperature change) technique. Physical properties, such as particle size, entrapment efficiency, release pattern and morphological characteristics were investigated by in vitro dissolution, SEM, FTIR, XRD, DSC and TGA in order to optimize the formulation of the microparticles. With the increase of polymer concentration there was an increase in size and drug entrapment efficiency of microparticles. There was a decrease in size and nonlinear change in entrapment efficiency with the increase of stirring speed and time. The release of drug from microparticles was anomalous diffusion. It was confirmed that there is no strong chemical interaction between drug and polymer except the change in crystal habit and polymorphism. Ethyl cellulose microparticles containing nimesulide are suitable for controlled release devising. Biswas, Gunjan Sarkar, Sagartirtha Acharya, Krishnendu http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7946 2019-06-29T04:03:13Z 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

Articulo Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 4 The present study was aimed to evaluate free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory potential of extracts of Astraeus hygrometricus - a tropical wild edible mushroom. Free radical scavenging potential of crude, boiled and ethanolic extracts was studied using different in vitro antioxidant models. The anti-inflammatory activity of the potential extract was evaluated in carrageenan and dextran induced acute and formalin induced chronic inflammatory model in mice. Among all the extracts, ethanolic extract possesses significant in vitro superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition activities. The IC50 values of ethanolic extracts of A. hygrometricus represented 357.95, 81.2 and 87.96 μg/ml respectively. Furthermore, the ethanolic extract showed remarkable anti-inflammatory activity in all models comparable to the standard reference drug diclofenac. The results suggest that anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic extract of A. hygrometricus is possibly attributed to its free radical scavenging properties.

2010-01-01T00:00:00Z The present study was aimed to evaluate free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory potential of extracts of Astraeus hygrometricus - a tropical wild edible mushroom. Free radical scavenging potential of crude, boiled and ethanolic extracts was studied using different in vitro antioxidant models. The anti-inflammatory activity of the potential extract was evaluated in carrageenan and dextran induced acute and formalin induced chronic inflammatory model in mice. Among all the extracts, ethanolic extract possesses significant in vitro superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition activities. The IC50 values of ethanolic extracts of A. hygrometricus represented 357.95, 81.2 and 87.96 μg/ml respectively. Furthermore, the ethanolic extract showed remarkable anti-inflammatory activity in all models comparable to the standard reference drug diclofenac. The results suggest that anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic extract of A. hygrometricus is possibly attributed to its free radical scavenging properties. Bertol, Charise D. Stulzer, Hellen Karine Cruz, Ariane P. Tagliari, Mónika P. Segatto Silva, Marcos Antonio http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7945 2019-06-29T04:03:10Z 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

Articulo Characterization and quality evaluation of primaquine diphosphate raw materials Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 4 Este trabalho objetivou caracterizar e avaliar a qualidade de matérias-primas (MPs) de primaquina de diferentes fornecedores, designadas amostras A, B, C e D. Os resultados de características físicas, solubilidade, faixa de fusão, perda por dessecação e identificação mostraram estar de acordo com o preconizado pelas literaturas oficiais para todas as amostras. Os difratogramas apontaram que todas as MPs apresentaram características cristalinas semelhantes. Nas imagens obtidas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura a amostra D demonstrou um tamanho maior de partícula. A pureza do fármaco por titulação potenciométrica, variou de 98,8 a 101,1% para todas as amostras, estando de acordo com as especificações farmacopéicas e, por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, as amostras A e B demonstraram estar com a pureza inadequada (90,7 e 93,1% respectivamente), revelando a presença da impureza quinocida.; This work aimed to the characterization and quality evaluation of primaquine diphosphate raw materials provenient from different suppliers, designated A, B, C and D. The results of physical characteristics, solubility, melting range, loss on drying and identification were in accordance with the recommended official literature for all samples. The diffractograms showed that all samples have similar crystal characteristics. In scanning electron microscopy images the sample D shows a larger particle size. The drug content available by potentiometric titration, ranged from 98.8 to 101.1%, in accordance with the pharmacopoeia specifications and the results obtained by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that the samples A and B have an inappropriate content (90.7 and 93.1%, respectively), revealing the quinocide impurity presence.

2010-01-01T00:00:00Z Este trabalho objetivou caracterizar e avaliar a qualidade de matérias-primas (MPs) de primaquina de diferentes fornecedores, designadas amostras A, B, C e D. Os resultados de características físicas, solubilidade, faixa de fusão, perda por dessecação e identificação mostraram estar de acordo com o preconizado pelas literaturas oficiais para todas as amostras. Os difratogramas apontaram que todas as MPs apresentaram características cristalinas semelhantes. Nas imagens obtidas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura a amostra D demonstrou um tamanho maior de partícula. A pureza do fármaco por titulação potenciométrica, variou de 98,8 a 101,1% para todas as amostras, estando de acordo com as especificações farmacopéicas e, por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, as amostras A e B demonstraram estar com a pureza inadequada (90,7 e 93,1% respectivamente), revelando a presença da impureza quinocida. This work aimed to the characterization and quality evaluation of primaquine diphosphate raw materials provenient from different suppliers, designated A, B, C and D. The results of physical characteristics, solubility, melting range, loss on drying and identification were in accordance with the recommended official literature for all samples. The diffractograms showed that all samples have similar crystal characteristics. In scanning electron microscopy images the sample D shows a larger particle size. The drug content available by potentiometric titration, ranged from 98.8 to 101.1%, in accordance with the pharmacopoeia specifications and the results obtained by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that the samples A and B have an inappropriate content (90.7 and 93.1%, respectively), revealing the quinocide impurity presence. Oliveira, Tiago B. Soares, Rebeca L. Tresvenzol, Leonice M.F. Branquinho, Daniella S. P. Bara, María Teresa. F. Fiuza, Tatiana S. Rezende, Maria H. Paula, José R. de http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7944 2019-06-29T04:03:06Z 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

Articulo Characterization of leaves and barks of Rhamnidium elaeocarpum Reissek Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 4 As folhas e cascas da Rhamnidium elaeocarpum Reissek (Rhamnaceae), conhecida como cafezinho, são utilizadas popularmente no Brasil para reduzir o prurido das gengivas de crianças no início da dentição e para dores estomacais. O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar a caracterização das folhas, cascas do caule e cascas da raiz da R. elaeocarpum. Observou-se que as folhas são opostas cruzadas simples, hipoestomáticas, apresentando tricomas tectores sobre as nervuras. As cascas das raízes possuem cicatrizes ou fendas na face externa e fratura fibrosa na face interna. Verificou-se a presença de flavonóides, alcalóides, saponinas e taninos em todas as amostras. Esses resultados podem subsidiar estudos futuros, pois contribuiram para a obtenção de dados padrão visando o controle de qualidade da matéria-prima dessa espécie.; The leaves and barks of Rhamnidium elaeocarpum Reissek (Rhamnaceae), known as cafezinho, are popularly used in Brazil to reduce gums itching of the children at the teeth beginning and the stomach pain. The work was a characterization the leaves, stem bark and root bark of R. elaeocarpum. It was observed that the leaves are cross-opposite simple, hypostomatic, showing trichomes on the veins. The roots bark have scars or cracks on the outside and fibrous fracture on the inner side. It was detected the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and tannins in all samples. These results may support future studies, allowing to obtain data to the standard quality control of raw material of this species.

2010-01-01T00:00:00Z As folhas e cascas da Rhamnidium elaeocarpum Reissek (Rhamnaceae), conhecida como cafezinho, são utilizadas popularmente no Brasil para reduzir o prurido das gengivas de crianças no início da dentição e para dores estomacais. O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar a caracterização das folhas, cascas do caule e cascas da raiz da R. elaeocarpum. Observou-se que as folhas são opostas cruzadas simples, hipoestomáticas, apresentando tricomas tectores sobre as nervuras. As cascas das raízes possuem cicatrizes ou fendas na face externa e fratura fibrosa na face interna. Verificou-se a presença de flavonóides, alcalóides, saponinas e taninos em todas as amostras. Esses resultados podem subsidiar estudos futuros, pois contribuiram para a obtenção de dados padrão visando o controle de qualidade da matéria-prima dessa espécie. The leaves and barks of Rhamnidium elaeocarpum Reissek (Rhamnaceae), known as cafezinho, are popularly used in Brazil to reduce gums itching of the children at the teeth beginning and the stomach pain. The work was a characterization the leaves, stem bark and root bark of R. elaeocarpum. It was observed that the leaves are cross-opposite simple, hypostomatic, showing trichomes on the veins. The roots bark have scars or cracks on the outside and fibrous fracture on the inner side. It was detected the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and tannins in all samples. These results may support future studies, allowing to obtain data to the standard quality control of raw material of this species. Paula, Márcio A. Couto, Renê O. Bara, María Teresa. F. Rezende, Maria H. Paula, José R. de Costa, Elson A. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7943 2019-06-29T04:03:04Z 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

Articulo Pharmacognostic characterization of Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sargent Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 4 Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sargent (Ulmaceae) é conhecida popularmente como esporão-de-galo e amplamente utilizada na medicina popular brasileira. O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar o estudo farmacognóstico das folhas e caules jovens da C. iguanaea através de análises macro e microscópicas, triagem fitoquímica, ensaios de pureza (umidade, cinzas totais e insolúveis em ácido) e determinação dos teores de polifenóis e flavonóides totais. As folhas são anfiestomáticas, apresentando grande quantidade de tricomas tectores, litocistos e estômatos na epiderme abaxial. Na triagem fitoquímica foram detectados mucilagem, flavonóides e cumarinas. Os teores de umidade, cinzas totais, cinzas insolúveis em ácido, polifenóis e flavonóides totais encontrados, foram de 7,05 ± 0,22 %, 18,2 ± 0,18 %, 7,43 ± 1,03 %, 0,55 ± 0,03 % e 0,53 ± 0,007 %, respectivamente. Esses resultados podem subsidiar estudos futuros e contribuir para a obtenção de informações relevantes acerca da padronização e controle de qualidade da matéria-prima dessa espécie.; Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sargent (Ulmaceae) is popularly known as esporão-de-galo and widely used in Brazilian folk medicine. The aim of this work was to perform a pharmacognostic study of C. iguanaea leaves and young stem through macro and microscopic analysis as well as phytochemical screening, purity assays (moisture, total and acid insoluble ash contents), total polyphenols and total flavonoids contents. The leaves are amphistomatic, presenting large amounts of tector trichomes, lytocists and stomata were noted on the abaxial leaf surface epidermis. The phytochemical screening detected flavonoids, coumarins and mucilage. The moisture, total ash, acid insoluble ash, polyphenol and flavonoid contents were 7.05 ± 0.22 %, 18.2 ± 0.18 %, 7.43 ± 1.03 %, 0.55 ± 0.03 % and 0.53 ± 0.007 %, respectively. These results must to subsidize further studies and contribute to the obtainment of relevant informations about this raw material standardization and quality control

2010-01-01T00:00:00Z Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sargent (Ulmaceae) é conhecida popularmente como esporão-de-galo e amplamente utilizada na medicina popular brasileira. O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar o estudo farmacognóstico das folhas e caules jovens da C. iguanaea através de análises macro e microscópicas, triagem fitoquímica, ensaios de pureza (umidade, cinzas totais e insolúveis em ácido) e determinação dos teores de polifenóis e flavonóides totais. As folhas são anfiestomáticas, apresentando grande quantidade de tricomas tectores, litocistos e estômatos na epiderme abaxial. Na triagem fitoquímica foram detectados mucilagem, flavonóides e cumarinas. Os teores de umidade, cinzas totais, cinzas insolúveis em ácido, polifenóis e flavonóides totais encontrados, foram de 7,05 ± 0,22 %, 18,2 ± 0,18 %, 7,43 ± 1,03 %, 0,55 ± 0,03 % e 0,53 ± 0,007 %, respectivamente. Esses resultados podem subsidiar estudos futuros e contribuir para a obtenção de informações relevantes acerca da padronização e controle de qualidade da matéria-prima dessa espécie. Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sargent (Ulmaceae) is popularly known as esporão-de-galo and widely used in Brazilian folk medicine. The aim of this work was to perform a pharmacognostic study of C. iguanaea leaves and young stem through macro and microscopic analysis as well as phytochemical screening, purity assays (moisture, total and acid insoluble ash contents), total polyphenols and total flavonoids contents. The leaves are amphistomatic, presenting large amounts of tector trichomes, lytocists and stomata were noted on the abaxial leaf surface epidermis. The phytochemical screening detected flavonoids, coumarins and mucilage. The moisture, total ash, acid insoluble ash, polyphenol and flavonoid contents were 7.05 ± 0.22 %, 18.2 ± 0.18 %, 7.43 ± 1.03 %, 0.55 ± 0.03 % and 0.53 ± 0.007 %, respectively. These results must to subsidize further studies and contribute to the obtainment of relevant informations about this raw material standardization and quality control Akter, Raushanara Hasan, Raquibul Hossain, Mokarram Jamila, Mariam Mazumder, Mohammed Ehsanul H. Rana, Sohel Rahman, Shafiqur http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7942 2019-06-29T04:03:03Z 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

Articulo Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 29, no. 4 The present study investigated analgesic and some neuropharmacological effects of hydromethanolic extract of the leaves of Xanthium indicum Koenig in mice models. The analgesic activity was evaluated using hot plate ant tail immersion methods, and acetic acid-induced writhing test. The neuropharmacological effects were determined using hole-cross, open field, and thiopental-induced sleeping time tests. The extract, at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, produced a dose dependent and significant (p < 0.05-0.001) increase in pain threshold in hotplate test. However, in tail immersion method, the extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg dose levels displayed a significant (p < 0.05-0.001) increase in tail withdrawal reflex in a dose dependent manner. In either case, maximum analgesia was observed at 90 min after administration of test drugs and the standard drug Nalbuphine. In acetic acid-induced writhing test, the extract at all doses produced a significant (p <0.001) decrease in the number of writhes exhibited by the mice following intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid; the result was dose dependent and comparable to the reference drug Diclofenac-Na. Moreover, The extract displayed dose dependent suppression of locomotor activity as well as exploratory behavior in hole-cross and open field tests, and exerted sedative action through prolongation of thiopental-induced sleeping time. The results of the study supports that the Xanthium indicum leaves possesses analgesic and some neuropharmacological effects which might be linked to inhibition of both central and peripheral mechanisms of pain and justifies its use in folk medicine for the management of pain and inflammation.

2010-01-01T00:00:00Z The present study investigated analgesic and some neuropharmacological effects of hydromethanolic extract of the leaves of Xanthium indicum Koenig in mice models. The analgesic activity was evaluated using hot plate ant tail immersion methods, and acetic acid-induced writhing test. The neuropharmacological effects were determined using hole-cross, open field, and thiopental-induced sleeping time tests. The extract, at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, produced a dose dependent and significant (p < 0.05-0.001) increase in pain threshold in hotplate test. However, in tail immersion method, the extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg dose levels displayed a significant (p < 0.05-0.001) increase in tail withdrawal reflex in a dose dependent manner. In either case, maximum analgesia was observed at 90 min after administration of test drugs and the standard drug Nalbuphine. In acetic acid-induced writhing test, the extract at all doses produced a significant (p <0.001) decrease in the number of writhes exhibited by the mice following intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid; the result was dose dependent and comparable to the reference drug Diclofenac-Na. Moreover, The extract displayed dose dependent suppression of locomotor activity as well as exploratory behavior in hole-cross and open field tests, and exerted sedative action through prolongation of thiopental-induced sleeping time. The results of the study supports that the Xanthium indicum leaves possesses analgesic and some neuropharmacological effects which might be linked to inhibition of both central and peripheral mechanisms of pain and justifies its use in folk medicine for the management of pain and inflammation.