http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/27764 2026-11-01T11:40:10Z 2026-11-01T11:40:10Z Lollo, José Augusto de Sena, Julio Nascimento http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/60703 2024-10-28T12:36:43Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Articulo Establishing erosion susceptibility: different techniques for different stages in a decision - making process AUGM DOMUS; vol. 5 We evaluated and discussed alternatives to erosion susceptibility chart production according to different weights for physical environment attributes. Four techniques were used: landform, terrain steepness, soil, rock, land use and occupation. The following combinations of attributes were discussed: equal weights for physical environment attributes, different weights according to an expert in Prosa Basin, different weights according to other researchers, and different weights obtained through an analytical hierarchical process (AHP). The studied area comprises Prosa Basin in Campo Grande (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil). Results show that the considered alternatives can be used as a group or in different stages to support urban planning.; O trabalho avaliou alternativas de produção de cartas de suscetibilidade à erosão considerando diferentes combinações de pesos para os atributos do meio físico, segundo quatro diferentes técnicas de análise. Os atributos considerados foram landforms, declividade do terreno, solo, substrato rochoso e ocupação do solo. Foram avaliadas as alternativas de pesos iguais para os atributos tratados, pesos diferentes de acordo com a visão de autor que havia trabalhado previamente na área, pesos diferentes definidos a partir de outros trabalhos da literatura, e pesos diferentes definidos com base no processo analítico hierárquico (AHP). A área estudada compreendeu a Bacia do Prosa localizada a cidade de Campo Grande – Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Os resultados mostraram que as alternativas avaliadas podem ser utilizadas em conjunto ou em diferentes etapas de estudos visando o planejamento urbano. Es revisado por: http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/26632

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z We evaluated and discussed alternatives to erosion susceptibility chart production according to different weights for physical environment attributes. Four techniques were used: landform, terrain steepness, soil, rock, land use and occupation. The following combinations of attributes were discussed: equal weights for physical environment attributes, different weights according to an expert in Prosa Basin, different weights according to other researchers, and different weights obtained through an analytical hierarchical process (AHP). The studied area comprises Prosa Basin in Campo Grande (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil). Results show that the considered alternatives can be used as a group or in different stages to support urban planning. O trabalho avaliou alternativas de produção de cartas de suscetibilidade à erosão considerando diferentes combinações de pesos para os atributos do meio físico, segundo quatro diferentes técnicas de análise. Os atributos considerados foram landforms, declividade do terreno, solo, substrato rochoso e ocupação do solo. Foram avaliadas as alternativas de pesos iguais para os atributos tratados, pesos diferentes de acordo com a visão de autor que havia trabalhado previamente na área, pesos diferentes definidos a partir de outros trabalhos da literatura, e pesos diferentes definidos com base no processo analítico hierárquico (AHP). A área estudada compreendeu a Bacia do Prosa localizada a cidade de Campo Grande – Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Os resultados mostraram que as alternativas avaliadas podem ser utilizadas em conjunto ou em diferentes etapas de estudos visando o planejamento urbano. Belmonte, Silvina Franco, Judith Ada Núñez, Virgilio Viramonte, José http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/60702 2024-10-28T12:36:43Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Articulo Renewable energies as an opportunity and challenge for territorial development in Valle de Lerma, Salta, Argentina AUGM DOMUS; vol. 5; https://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/26774 Renewable energy assessment arises in the context of Territorial Planning of Lerma Valley in Salta as a strategy for regional development and improved quality of life and environment. The methodology applied is based on Multi- Criteria Evaluation tools, Geographic Information Systems application and participatory consultation techniques. The results were oriented to territorial diagnosis, energy resources assessment and alternative technologies as well as planning and management proposals. At diagnosis, renewable energies were identified as viable options in production and access to basic services. The potential offer of renewable resources was high as to solar radiation and hydraulic resources but moderate as to wind potential. It was varied in the case of organic energy and biomass due to multiple sources. Technological alternatives and actions to improve the energy scenario in Lerma Valley were assessed and the following priorities were established: environmental education, strategic energy planning and varied applications of solar energy (dryers, greenhouses, bioclimatic architecture, water collectors and cookers). Energy policies that are ‘more’ sustainable were suggested, such as: coordinating the energy sector with both other sectors and action levels within the framework of an integrated land use planning, strengthening local institutions for energy management, and overcoming limitations on local transfer of renewable energy. Renewable energies should be considered as an opportunity and challenge to promote processes of ‘change’ in the region through a reaffirmed commitment to environment and society.; La evaluación de Energías Renovables se plantea en un contexto de Ordenamiento Territorial del Valle de Lerma (Salta) como estrategia para el desarrollo regional y mejora de la calidad de vida y del ambiente. Herramientas de Evaluación Multi-Criterio, aplicaciones de Sistemas de Información Geográfica y técnicas participativas de consulta constituyen el sustento metodológico del trabajo. Los resultados se focalizan en tres puntos: diagnóstico territorial, evaluación del recurso energético y alternativas tecnológicas, y propuestas para la planificación y gestión. En el diagnóstico, las energías renovables fueron identificadas como opciones viables particularmente en cuestiones productivas y de acceso a servicios básicos. La oferta potencial de recursos renovables resultó alta en relación a la radiación solar y el recurso hidráulico, moderada para el potencial eólico, y variada en cuanto a multiplicidad de fuentes para el caso de recursos energéticos orgánicos y de biomasa. A partir de la evaluación de alternativas tecnológicas y acciones para mejorar el escenario energético del Valle de Lerma, se determinaron como prioridades: la educación ambiental, la planificación energética estratégica y variadas aplicaciones tecnológicas de la energía solar (secaderos, invernaderos, arquitectura bioclimática, colectores de agua y cocinas). Con respecto al desarrollo de políticas energéticas ‘más’ sustentables se propone: la coordinación del sector energético con otros sectores y niveles de actuación en el marco de una planificación territorial integral, el fortalecimiento de las instituciones locales para la gestión energética, y la necesidad de superar barreras y limitaciones a la transferencia de energías renovables en el nivel local. Finalmente, en las conclusiones se plantea la importancia de valorar las energías renovables como oportunidad y desafío para promover procesos de ‘cambio’ en la región, en una concepción más comprometida con el ambiente y la sociedad.

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z Renewable energy assessment arises in the context of Territorial Planning of Lerma Valley in Salta as a strategy for regional development and improved quality of life and environment. The methodology applied is based on Multi- Criteria Evaluation tools, Geographic Information Systems application and participatory consultation techniques. The results were oriented to territorial diagnosis, energy resources assessment and alternative technologies as well as planning and management proposals. At diagnosis, renewable energies were identified as viable options in production and access to basic services. The potential offer of renewable resources was high as to solar radiation and hydraulic resources but moderate as to wind potential. It was varied in the case of organic energy and biomass due to multiple sources. Technological alternatives and actions to improve the energy scenario in Lerma Valley were assessed and the following priorities were established: environmental education, strategic energy planning and varied applications of solar energy (dryers, greenhouses, bioclimatic architecture, water collectors and cookers). Energy policies that are ‘more’ sustainable were suggested, such as: coordinating the energy sector with both other sectors and action levels within the framework of an integrated land use planning, strengthening local institutions for energy management, and overcoming limitations on local transfer of renewable energy. Renewable energies should be considered as an opportunity and challenge to promote processes of ‘change’ in the region through a reaffirmed commitment to environment and society. La evaluación de Energías Renovables se plantea en un contexto de Ordenamiento Territorial del Valle de Lerma (Salta) como estrategia para el desarrollo regional y mejora de la calidad de vida y del ambiente. Herramientas de Evaluación Multi-Criterio, aplicaciones de Sistemas de Información Geográfica y técnicas participativas de consulta constituyen el sustento metodológico del trabajo. Los resultados se focalizan en tres puntos: diagnóstico territorial, evaluación del recurso energético y alternativas tecnológicas, y propuestas para la planificación y gestión. En el diagnóstico, las energías renovables fueron identificadas como opciones viables particularmente en cuestiones productivas y de acceso a servicios básicos. La oferta potencial de recursos renovables resultó alta en relación a la radiación solar y el recurso hidráulico, moderada para el potencial eólico, y variada en cuanto a multiplicidad de fuentes para el caso de recursos energéticos orgánicos y de biomasa. A partir de la evaluación de alternativas tecnológicas y acciones para mejorar el escenario energético del Valle de Lerma, se determinaron como prioridades: la educación ambiental, la planificación energética estratégica y variadas aplicaciones tecnológicas de la energía solar (secaderos, invernaderos, arquitectura bioclimática, colectores de agua y cocinas). Con respecto al desarrollo de políticas energéticas ‘más’ sustentables se propone: la coordinación del sector energético con otros sectores y niveles de actuación en el marco de una planificación territorial integral, el fortalecimiento de las instituciones locales para la gestión energética, y la necesidad de superar barreras y limitaciones a la transferencia de energías renovables en el nivel local. Finalmente, en las conclusiones se plantea la importancia de valorar las energías renovables como oportunidad y desafío para promover procesos de ‘cambio’ en la región, en una concepción más comprometida con el ambiente y la sociedad. Astoviza, Malena Julia Cappelletti, Natalia Elsa Bilos, Claudio Colombo, Juan Carlos http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/60701 2024-10-28T12:36:43Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Articulo Atmospheric concentration of organochlorine pesticides at La Plata River south basin. One-year sampling AUGM DOMUS; vol. 5; https://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/26481 Polyurethane foam passive air samplers (n=21) were deployed across La Plata River south basin to assess the concentration and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) for ≈ 3-5 months periods all over a year. Annual average concentration of OCPs ranged from 326 to 9000 pg.m-3 with predominance of Σendosulfans (Endo). Annual averages of Endo (230-8936 pg.m-3) are higher than reported values for other countries in the Latin American region (Brazil, Bolivia, Chile y Colombia: 114- 898 pg.m-3). Maximum values correspond to the warm period in areas with intense soybean culture: North of Buenos Aires and South of Entre Ríos and Santa Fe (3072-21521 pg.m-3). Concentrations of DDTs (12-235 pg/m3) are an order of magnitude lower than sites where it is now used against malaria (India: 5356 pg.m-3; South of Mexico: 2360 pg.m-3) but DDT/DDE ratio (1.1 - 6.8) >1 suggests a relatively fresh contribution, possibly due to the use of dicofol that presents this compound as impurity. The HCHs showed a high concentration in Zárate (801-8348 pg.m-3) where they predominated (66% of the total) with an α/ γHCHs ratio ≈7 similar to the technical mixture. Meanwhile, concentrations from other sites were one order of magnitude lower (7-199 pg.m-3) and indicated fresh inputs. In the Metropolitan area, chlordanes prevailed (83-691 pg.m-3) representing 5-45 % of the total, especially in Buenos Aires City where the cis/trans-chlordane relationship >> 1.6 indicates a fresh contribution. In conclusion, OCPs have different spatial distribution: higher concentrations in agricultural areas, diversity in composition and higher values of chlordanes in urban areas. Concentrations and relationship values suggest illegal inputs and/or long-range transport.; Con el objeto de estudiar la concentración y distribución de plaguicidas organoclorados (POCLs) en aire del sur de la cuenca del Plata se instalaron muestreadores pasivos de espuma de poliuretano (n=21) recolectados cada 3-5 meses durante un año. La concentración media anual de POCLs osciló entre 326 y 9000 pg.m-3con predominancia de endosulfanos (Endo) (40-98 % del total). Los promedios anuales de Endo (230-8936 pg.m-3) son superiores a los reportados para otros países de la región (Brasil, Bolivia, Chile y Colombia: 114-898 pg.m-3). Los valores máximos alcanzados corresponden al período cálido, en zonas de mayor actividad sojera: Norte de Buenos Aires y Sur de Entre Ríos y Santa Fe (3072-21521 pg.m-3). Las concentraciones de DDTs (12-235 pg.m-3) resultan un orden de magnitud inferiores a las de sitios en los que actualmente se utiliza para combatir la malaria (India: 5356 pg.m-3; Sur de México: 2360 pg.m-3) pero la relación DDT/ DDE (1.1-6.8) > 1 encontrada sugiere un aporte relativamente fresco. Esto podría deberse al uso de Dicofol en la región, que presenta residuos de este compuesto. Los HCHs presentaron una alta concentración en Zárate (801-8348 pg.m-3) donde resultaron predominantes (66 % del total) con una relación α/γHCHs ≈7, similar a la de la mezcla técnica antiguamente usada, mientras que las demás estaciones tuvieron concentraciones un orden de magnitud más bajas (7-199 pg.m-3) pero de aportes más recientes. En la zona metropolitana se destacaron los clordanos (83-691 pg.m-3) que representan 5-45 % del total, especialmente en la Capital Federal, donde la relación trans/cis-clordano>1.6 indica un aporte fresco. Se concluye que los POCLs presentan diferencias en su distribución espacial; alta concentración de endosulfanos en zona agrícola; heterogeneidad de pesticidas y mayor concentración de clordanos en zonas urbanas. Los valores de las concentraciones y de relaciones entre compuestos sugieren aportes frescos clandestinos, o transporte a gran escala.

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z Polyurethane foam passive air samplers (n=21) were deployed across La Plata River south basin to assess the concentration and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) for ≈ 3-5 months periods all over a year. Annual average concentration of OCPs ranged from 326 to 9000 pg.m-3 with predominance of Σendosulfans (Endo). Annual averages of Endo (230-8936 pg.m-3) are higher than reported values for other countries in the Latin American region (Brazil, Bolivia, Chile y Colombia: 114- 898 pg.m-3). Maximum values correspond to the warm period in areas with intense soybean culture: North of Buenos Aires and South of Entre Ríos and Santa Fe (3072-21521 pg.m-3). Concentrations of DDTs (12-235 pg/m3) are an order of magnitude lower than sites where it is now used against malaria (India: 5356 pg.m-3; South of Mexico: 2360 pg.m-3) but DDT/DDE ratio (1.1 - 6.8) >1 suggests a relatively fresh contribution, possibly due to the use of dicofol that presents this compound as impurity. The HCHs showed a high concentration in Zárate (801-8348 pg.m-3) where they predominated (66% of the total) with an α/ γHCHs ratio ≈7 similar to the technical mixture. Meanwhile, concentrations from other sites were one order of magnitude lower (7-199 pg.m-3) and indicated fresh inputs. In the Metropolitan area, chlordanes prevailed (83-691 pg.m-3) representing 5-45 % of the total, especially in Buenos Aires City where the cis/trans-chlordane relationship >> 1.6 indicates a fresh contribution. In conclusion, OCPs have different spatial distribution: higher concentrations in agricultural areas, diversity in composition and higher values of chlordanes in urban areas. Concentrations and relationship values suggest illegal inputs and/or long-range transport. Con el objeto de estudiar la concentración y distribución de plaguicidas organoclorados (POCLs) en aire del sur de la cuenca del Plata se instalaron muestreadores pasivos de espuma de poliuretano (n=21) recolectados cada 3-5 meses durante un año. La concentración media anual de POCLs osciló entre 326 y 9000 pg.m-3con predominancia de endosulfanos (Endo) (40-98 % del total). Los promedios anuales de Endo (230-8936 pg.m-3) son superiores a los reportados para otros países de la región (Brasil, Bolivia, Chile y Colombia: 114-898 pg.m-3). Los valores máximos alcanzados corresponden al período cálido, en zonas de mayor actividad sojera: Norte de Buenos Aires y Sur de Entre Ríos y Santa Fe (3072-21521 pg.m-3). Las concentraciones de DDTs (12-235 pg.m-3) resultan un orden de magnitud inferiores a las de sitios en los que actualmente se utiliza para combatir la malaria (India: 5356 pg.m-3; Sur de México: 2360 pg.m-3) pero la relación DDT/ DDE (1.1-6.8) > 1 encontrada sugiere un aporte relativamente fresco. Esto podría deberse al uso de Dicofol en la región, que presenta residuos de este compuesto. Los HCHs presentaron una alta concentración en Zárate (801-8348 pg.m-3) donde resultaron predominantes (66 % del total) con una relación α/γHCHs ≈7, similar a la de la mezcla técnica antiguamente usada, mientras que las demás estaciones tuvieron concentraciones un orden de magnitud más bajas (7-199 pg.m-3) pero de aportes más recientes. En la zona metropolitana se destacaron los clordanos (83-691 pg.m-3) que representan 5-45 % del total, especialmente en la Capital Federal, donde la relación trans/cis-clordano>1.6 indica un aporte fresco. Se concluye que los POCLs presentan diferencias en su distribución espacial; alta concentración de endosulfanos en zona agrícola; heterogeneidad de pesticidas y mayor concentración de clordanos en zonas urbanas. Los valores de las concentraciones y de relaciones entre compuestos sugieren aportes frescos clandestinos, o transporte a gran escala. Sgarbi, Márcio Schlosser, Rodrigo T. Campani, Darci B. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/60700 2024-10-28T12:36:43Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Articulo Environmental management system implantation on a public university from Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil AUGM DOMUS; vol. 5 Initiatives for environmental preservation have been taken since the 60s since the consequences of human negative impacts on the environment have been reported. Global conferences, discussions and publicity have made this issue gradually more relevant for the news and, more importantly, for the political agenda. Nowadays, in Brazil, for example, both government projects like A3P and regulatory instructions such as ABNT NBR ISO 14001: 2004 are crucial to reduce environmental damage caused by humans. Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul developed a tool called LAIA (an acronym, in Portuguese, for environmental aspect and impact analysis) to help implementing an environmental management system which includes concepts from ISO 14001: 2004 and adaptations of FMEA - a tool that is frequently used in automotive industry. Diagnosis were made on university buildings as to their environmental possible impacts and then action plans known as 5W2H were developed as part of the environmental management system. To represent the environmental performance analysis, 12 units were selected and 4 of them have gone through, at least, three LAIA cycles. By applying the Total Environmental Risk Index, we reported a decreasing trend in environmental risk for the studied units since there were, at least, three index measurements for each unit with a descending sequence over time. LAIA tool was efficient because it could suit to any diagnosed situation so far without losing analysis quality. Thus, the tool can be used in other institutions with different structures, procedures and products.; Foi a partir dos anos sessenta que surgiram iniciativas claras a favor da preservação ambiental, decorrentes de uma série de fatores negativos resultantes da ação do homem no ambiente. Conferencias mundiais, debates e publicações fizeram com que o assunto gradativamente ganhasse espaço na mídia e mais importante, na lista de tarefas dos governantes. Hoje, a exemplo do Brasil, projetos governamentais como a A3P e instruções normativas como a ABNT NBR ISO 14001: 2004, são alicerces para a busca da minimização dos impactos gerados pelo homem no ambiente. A Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul desenvolveu, então, uma ferramenta, chamada LAIA (Levantamento de Aspectos e Impactos Ambientais), com o intuito de auxiliar a implantação de seu sistema de gestão ambiental, a qual carrega conceitos da ISO 14001: 2004 e adaptações da ferramenta FMEA, amplamente utilizada pela indústria automobilística. Elaboram-se diagnósticos para os prédios da Universidade em relação aos seus potenciais impactos ambientais e, a partir destes, desenvolvem-se planos de ação, conhecidos como 5W2H, caracterizando a implementação da gestão ambiental. Como representantes para análise do desempenho ambiental, foram selecionadas 12 Unidades da Universidade, das quais, quatro já passaram por três ciclos da ferramenta. Através do acompanhamento do valor do Índice de Risco Ambiental Total, é possível afirmar que há uma tendência de diminuição do risco ambiental destas Unidades pelo fato de haver ao menos três medições do índice para cada uma em sequência decrescente ao longo do tempo. A ferramenta LAIA mostrouse competente por se adaptar a qualquer situação diagnosticada até agora sem perder qualidade de análise, podendo, então, ser utilizada por outros tipos de instituições com diferentes estruturas, processos e produtos.

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z Initiatives for environmental preservation have been taken since the 60s since the consequences of human negative impacts on the environment have been reported. Global conferences, discussions and publicity have made this issue gradually more relevant for the news and, more importantly, for the political agenda. Nowadays, in Brazil, for example, both government projects like A3P and regulatory instructions such as ABNT NBR ISO 14001: 2004 are crucial to reduce environmental damage caused by humans. Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul developed a tool called LAIA (an acronym, in Portuguese, for environmental aspect and impact analysis) to help implementing an environmental management system which includes concepts from ISO 14001: 2004 and adaptations of FMEA - a tool that is frequently used in automotive industry. Diagnosis were made on university buildings as to their environmental possible impacts and then action plans known as 5W2H were developed as part of the environmental management system. To represent the environmental performance analysis, 12 units were selected and 4 of them have gone through, at least, three LAIA cycles. By applying the Total Environmental Risk Index, we reported a decreasing trend in environmental risk for the studied units since there were, at least, three index measurements for each unit with a descending sequence over time. LAIA tool was efficient because it could suit to any diagnosed situation so far without losing analysis quality. Thus, the tool can be used in other institutions with different structures, procedures and products. Foi a partir dos anos sessenta que surgiram iniciativas claras a favor da preservação ambiental, decorrentes de uma série de fatores negativos resultantes da ação do homem no ambiente. Conferencias mundiais, debates e publicações fizeram com que o assunto gradativamente ganhasse espaço na mídia e mais importante, na lista de tarefas dos governantes. Hoje, a exemplo do Brasil, projetos governamentais como a A3P e instruções normativas como a ABNT NBR ISO 14001: 2004, são alicerces para a busca da minimização dos impactos gerados pelo homem no ambiente. A Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul desenvolveu, então, uma ferramenta, chamada LAIA (Levantamento de Aspectos e Impactos Ambientais), com o intuito de auxiliar a implantação de seu sistema de gestão ambiental, a qual carrega conceitos da ISO 14001: 2004 e adaptações da ferramenta FMEA, amplamente utilizada pela indústria automobilística. Elaboram-se diagnósticos para os prédios da Universidade em relação aos seus potenciais impactos ambientais e, a partir destes, desenvolvem-se planos de ação, conhecidos como 5W2H, caracterizando a implementação da gestão ambiental. Como representantes para análise do desempenho ambiental, foram selecionadas 12 Unidades da Universidade, das quais, quatro já passaram por três ciclos da ferramenta. Através do acompanhamento do valor do Índice de Risco Ambiental Total, é possível afirmar que há uma tendência de diminuição do risco ambiental destas Unidades pelo fato de haver ao menos três medições do índice para cada uma em sequência decrescente ao longo do tempo. A ferramenta LAIA mostrouse competente por se adaptar a qualquer situação diagnosticada até agora sem perder qualidade de análise, podendo, então, ser utilizada por outros tipos de instituições com diferentes estruturas, processos e produtos. Soto, Edgardo L. González, María José Thomas, Horacio J. Schalamuk, Isidoro Bernardo Botto, Irma Lía http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/60699 2024-10-28T12:36:43Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Articulo Arsenic removal from groundwater: technological design for rural areas AUGM DOMUS; vol. 5 A technological design for water processing for rural and peri-urban areas with no drinking water was created as part of a general project aimed at treating groundwater containing arsenic values higher than those established by the WHO (10 μg L-1) for consumption. The construction of treatment equipments (batch type) is simple and operatively easy. The adsorbent is a low-cost, Fe-rich and clay mineral that is abundant in Buenos Aires Province. Local conditions of water, particularly physicochemical properties, have been taken into account to adapt the process which operates with volumes from 2000 to 4000 L of water/stage. Three plants have been installed in schools of rural areas of Buenos Aires Province. A new plant is being constructed in Inchausti School of the UNLP located in 25 de Mayo city. The equipments provide water in educational buildings and nearby populations. Some technical data about the process are reported in this communication. It is necessary to mention that the first prototype, which was installed two years ago, has been continuously used without having replaced the adsorbent so far. It has processed 400000 L of water whose original concentration of arsenic was around 200 μg L-1 that now reaches values lower than 10 μg L-1.; En el marco de un proyecto general dirigido al tratamiento de aguas subterráneas para consumo, conteniendo valores de arsénico superiores a los establecidos por la OMS (10 μg L-1), se ha abordado, el diseño de una tecnología de procesamiento de aguas para ser instalada en zonas rurales y peri-urbanas, carentes de aguas de red. Se ha logrado la construcción de equipos de tratamiento de tipo discontinuo, de simple construcción y facilidad operativa, en base a las condiciones locales, particularmente, las condiciones fisicoquímicas de las aguas. Se emplea como adsorbente mineral de arcilla rico en hierro, de bajo costo y abundante en la provincia de Buenos Aires. El proceso, que permite trabajar con volúmenes de entre 2000 y 4000 L de agua/ etapa, se basa en el empleo de adsorbentes minerales de bajo costo y amplia distribución en la provincia de Buenos Aires. Se instalaron hasta el presente tres plantas en escuelas de zonas rurales de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, y está en etapa de construcción una planta en la Escuela Inchausti, perteneciente a la UNLP, sita en la localidad de 25 de Mayo, asegurando la provisión de agua en los establecimientos educativos y poblaciones cercanas. En esta comunicación se reportan datos técnicos relativos al funcionamiento y parámetros operacionales de las plantas. El primer prototipo instalado lleva más de 2 años de uso continuo sin recambio de la carga de adsorbente; ha procesado 400 mil litros de agua cuya concentración original de As, del orden de las 200 μg L-1, llega a valores de 10 μg L-1.

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z A technological design for water processing for rural and peri-urban areas with no drinking water was created as part of a general project aimed at treating groundwater containing arsenic values higher than those established by the WHO (10 μg L-1) for consumption. The construction of treatment equipments (batch type) is simple and operatively easy. The adsorbent is a low-cost, Fe-rich and clay mineral that is abundant in Buenos Aires Province. Local conditions of water, particularly physicochemical properties, have been taken into account to adapt the process which operates with volumes from 2000 to 4000 L of water/stage. Three plants have been installed in schools of rural areas of Buenos Aires Province. A new plant is being constructed in Inchausti School of the UNLP located in 25 de Mayo city. The equipments provide water in educational buildings and nearby populations. Some technical data about the process are reported in this communication. It is necessary to mention that the first prototype, which was installed two years ago, has been continuously used without having replaced the adsorbent so far. It has processed 400000 L of water whose original concentration of arsenic was around 200 μg L-1 that now reaches values lower than 10 μg L-1. En el marco de un proyecto general dirigido al tratamiento de aguas subterráneas para consumo, conteniendo valores de arsénico superiores a los establecidos por la OMS (10 μg L-1), se ha abordado, el diseño de una tecnología de procesamiento de aguas para ser instalada en zonas rurales y peri-urbanas, carentes de aguas de red. Se ha logrado la construcción de equipos de tratamiento de tipo discontinuo, de simple construcción y facilidad operativa, en base a las condiciones locales, particularmente, las condiciones fisicoquímicas de las aguas. Se emplea como adsorbente mineral de arcilla rico en hierro, de bajo costo y abundante en la provincia de Buenos Aires. El proceso, que permite trabajar con volúmenes de entre 2000 y 4000 L de agua/ etapa, se basa en el empleo de adsorbentes minerales de bajo costo y amplia distribución en la provincia de Buenos Aires. Se instalaron hasta el presente tres plantas en escuelas de zonas rurales de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, y está en etapa de construcción una planta en la Escuela Inchausti, perteneciente a la UNLP, sita en la localidad de 25 de Mayo, asegurando la provisión de agua en los establecimientos educativos y poblaciones cercanas. En esta comunicación se reportan datos técnicos relativos al funcionamiento y parámetros operacionales de las plantas. El primer prototipo instalado lleva más de 2 años de uso continuo sin recambio de la carga de adsorbente; ha procesado 400 mil litros de agua cuya concentración original de As, del orden de las 200 μg L-1, llega a valores de 10 μg L-1. Cavalcanti, Alessandro S. Filho, Hélcio J. I. Costa, Mariana D. P. Pancotto, João V. S. Silva, Messias B. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/60697 2024-10-28T12:36:43Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Articulo Study the application of photo-Fenton (Fe2 +/H2O2) solar pretreatment of leachate AUGM DOMUS; vol. 5 The studied leachate from the town of Cachoeira Paulista in the state of São Paulo shows the following parameter concentrations: total organic carbon (TOC = 368.6 mg C. L-1), chemical oxygen demand (COD = 3552.2 mg O2. L-1) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5 = 397.4 mg O2. L-1), which indicates low biodegradability ratio (BOD5 / COD = 0.11). Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are considered an alternative to its pre-treatment. The aim of this work is to use homogeneous photocatalysis through an opened photo- Fenton (H2O2 + Fe2+) solar reactor with constant effluent volume (3 L) to verify the efficiency and economic evaluation of removing organic loads. The reactor has a wooden support that is directed to the equator with an inclination angle of 23 ° and a metal plate without pigmentation and constant leaking (13 L.min-1). At the same time, the volume of reagent Fe 2 + (0.82 mol.L-1) was added completely at the beginning of the reaction and the volume of reagent H2O2 (30 % w / w) was added quantitatively during 60 minutes. Radiation was measured with a portable radiometer. The process has been optimized by a fractional factorial planning (24-1). The studied factors were: pH, range of solar radiation, amounts of H2O2 (g) and Fe 2+ (g). The largest percentage of reduction in TOC was 82.12% with an increase of its biodegradability to 0.41 together and an optimized cost of US$ 0.188 / 3 L. Thus, the photocatalytic process showed great technical and economic feasibility regarding the degradation of organic load in leachate.; O chorume em estudo é proveniente da cidade de Cachoeira Paulista no interior do estado de São Paulo apresenta as concentrações dos parâmetros de carbono orgânico total (COT = 368.6 mg C .L-1), demanda química de oxigênio (DQO = 3552.2 mg O2 .L-1) e demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO5 = 397.4 mg O2. L-1) que mostram a baixa razão de biodegradabilidade (DBO5/DQO = 0.11). Neste contexto, os processos oxidativos avançados (POA´s) surgem como alternativa para o seu pré-tratamento. O objetivo desse trabalho é utilizar a fotocatálise homogênea, empregando foto-Fenton (H2O2 + Fe2+) Solar num reator com volume constante do efluente (3 L) para verificar a eficiência e a avaliação econômica de remoção da carga orgânica. O reator possui um suporte de madeira que está direcionado ao equador com um ângulo de inclinação de 23º, com uma placa metálica sem pigmentação, numa vazão constante (13 L . min-1). Ao mesmo tempo, o volume do Fe2+ (0.82 mol .L-1) foi adicionado totalmente no início da reação e o volume do H2O2 (30 % m/ m) foi adicionado de maneira quantitativa durante 60 minutos. A radiação solar foi medida através de um radiômetro portátil. O processo foi otimizado por um planejamento fatorial fracionado (24-1), e os fatores estudados foram: pH, intervalo da radiação solar, quantidades de H2O2 (g) e Fe2+ (g). A maior redução percentual de COT foi 82.12%, com um aumento de sua biodegradabilidade para 0.41 aliado ao custo otimizado de US$ 0.188 / 3 L. Desta forma, o processo fotocatalítico proposto mostrou grande viabilidade técnico-econômico em relação á degradação da carga orgânica do chorume.

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z The studied leachate from the town of Cachoeira Paulista in the state of São Paulo shows the following parameter concentrations: total organic carbon (TOC = 368.6 mg C. L-1), chemical oxygen demand (COD = 3552.2 mg O2. L-1) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5 = 397.4 mg O2. L-1), which indicates low biodegradability ratio (BOD5 / COD = 0.11). Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are considered an alternative to its pre-treatment. The aim of this work is to use homogeneous photocatalysis through an opened photo- Fenton (H2O2 + Fe2+) solar reactor with constant effluent volume (3 L) to verify the efficiency and economic evaluation of removing organic loads. The reactor has a wooden support that is directed to the equator with an inclination angle of 23 ° and a metal plate without pigmentation and constant leaking (13 L.min-1). At the same time, the volume of reagent Fe 2 + (0.82 mol.L-1) was added completely at the beginning of the reaction and the volume of reagent H2O2 (30 % w / w) was added quantitatively during 60 minutes. Radiation was measured with a portable radiometer. The process has been optimized by a fractional factorial planning (24-1). The studied factors were: pH, range of solar radiation, amounts of H2O2 (g) and Fe 2+ (g). The largest percentage of reduction in TOC was 82.12% with an increase of its biodegradability to 0.41 together and an optimized cost of US$ 0.188 / 3 L. Thus, the photocatalytic process showed great technical and economic feasibility regarding the degradation of organic load in leachate. O chorume em estudo é proveniente da cidade de Cachoeira Paulista no interior do estado de São Paulo apresenta as concentrações dos parâmetros de carbono orgânico total (COT = 368.6 mg C .L-1), demanda química de oxigênio (DQO = 3552.2 mg O2 .L-1) e demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO5 = 397.4 mg O2. L-1) que mostram a baixa razão de biodegradabilidade (DBO5/DQO = 0.11). Neste contexto, os processos oxidativos avançados (POA´s) surgem como alternativa para o seu pré-tratamento. O objetivo desse trabalho é utilizar a fotocatálise homogênea, empregando foto-Fenton (H2O2 + Fe2+) Solar num reator com volume constante do efluente (3 L) para verificar a eficiência e a avaliação econômica de remoção da carga orgânica. O reator possui um suporte de madeira que está direcionado ao equador com um ângulo de inclinação de 23º, com uma placa metálica sem pigmentação, numa vazão constante (13 L . min-1). Ao mesmo tempo, o volume do Fe2+ (0.82 mol .L-1) foi adicionado totalmente no início da reação e o volume do H2O2 (30 % m/ m) foi adicionado de maneira quantitativa durante 60 minutos. A radiação solar foi medida através de um radiômetro portátil. O processo foi otimizado por um planejamento fatorial fracionado (24-1), e os fatores estudados foram: pH, intervalo da radiação solar, quantidades de H2O2 (g) e Fe2+ (g). A maior redução percentual de COT foi 82.12%, com um aumento de sua biodegradabilidade para 0.41 aliado ao custo otimizado de US$ 0.188 / 3 L. Desta forma, o processo fotocatalítico proposto mostrou grande viabilidade técnico-econômico em relação á degradação da carga orgânica do chorume. Noguera, Ana Bentos Pereira, Heinkel Fornaro, Laura http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/60695 2024-10-28T12:36:43Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Articulo Natural radioactivity in Rocha coast zone, Uruguay AUGM DOMUS; vol. 5; https://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/26909 The Uruguayan east coast shows an important heterogeneity of habitats including sand dunes, sea, underground and ground water with a wide diversity of flora and fauna . The area also has several mineral resources, which include black sand ores, with 7 million tons of heavy minerals evaluated in the Aguas Dulces-Valizas area. Black sand ores are composed by several minerals which include 0.6 % of monazite. Thus, all radionuclides belonging to the 238U and 232Th series are present. In order to evaluate the transfer of natural radioactive contamination from sand to other compartment, the gross alpha and beta activity was measured using a Analyzing miniscaler Ratemeter model PRS-5/STB-3 in sand, underground water and vegetation (Hydrocotile bonariensis Lamarck) from Valizas beach ((34º 20´ 31.42” S y 53º 47´ 19.47” O). All samples were pre-treated: the sand was dried, the water were acidified with HNO3, and cooled to 4º C for conservation and then dried, the vegetation was calcinated and the ash was measured. Standards 238U and 232Th ((IAEA RGU-1, RGTh-1) was also measured. From the specific activity and the obtained transfer coefficients, we can conclude that natural radioactive contaminants move from the sand to other compartments. The sandto- plant (H. bonariensis) transfer coefficient is the highest; but is in the range reported in the literature. Underground fresh water value is below the intervention level for drinking water (0.55Bq.l-1).; La costa este uruguaya posee una gran heterogeneidad de hábitats como ser dunas, mar, ríos, arroyos y aguas subterráneas, que portan una inmensa variedad de fauna y flora. En dicha área están presentes además recursos minerales, los cuales incluyen yacimientos de arenas negras, con 7 millones de toneladas de metales pesados evaluados en el área de Aguas Dulces – Valizas. Estos yacimientos están compuestos entre otros minerales por 0.6 % of monacita. Como resultado están presentes todos los radionucleidos pertenecientes a la serie del 238U y del 232Th series. A los efectos de evaluar la transferencia de la contaminación radiactiva natural desde arena a otros compartimentos la actividad total alfa y beta fue determinada utilizando Analyzing miniscaler Ratemeter modelo PRS-5/STB-3, para arena, aguas subterráneas y vegetación (Hydrocotile bonariensis Lamarck) del Balneario Valizas (34º 20´ 31.42” S y 53º 47´ 19.47” O). Todas las muestras fueron previamente tratadas, las muestras de arena fueron secadas, las aguas tratadas con HNO3, mantenidas a 4 º para su conservación y llevadas a sequedad, finalmente los vegetales fueron calcinados y las cenizas medidas. Fueron utilizados patrones de 238U y 232Th (IAEA RGU-1, RGTh-1). De las actividades específicas y de los coeficientes de transferencia obtenidos podemos concluir que los contaminantes radiactivos naturales migran de la arena a otros compartimentos. El coeficiente de transferencia de arena a H. bonariensis es el más elevado y está de acuerdo a los resultados previamente reportados en la literatura. Los valores obtenidos para aguas subterráneas están por debajo del límite de intervención determinado para agua potable (0.55 Bq.l-1).

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z The Uruguayan east coast shows an important heterogeneity of habitats including sand dunes, sea, underground and ground water with a wide diversity of flora and fauna . The area also has several mineral resources, which include black sand ores, with 7 million tons of heavy minerals evaluated in the Aguas Dulces-Valizas area. Black sand ores are composed by several minerals which include 0.6 % of monazite. Thus, all radionuclides belonging to the 238U and 232Th series are present. In order to evaluate the transfer of natural radioactive contamination from sand to other compartment, the gross alpha and beta activity was measured using a Analyzing miniscaler Ratemeter model PRS-5/STB-3 in sand, underground water and vegetation (Hydrocotile bonariensis Lamarck) from Valizas beach ((34º 20´ 31.42” S y 53º 47´ 19.47” O). All samples were pre-treated: the sand was dried, the water were acidified with HNO3, and cooled to 4º C for conservation and then dried, the vegetation was calcinated and the ash was measured. Standards 238U and 232Th ((IAEA RGU-1, RGTh-1) was also measured. From the specific activity and the obtained transfer coefficients, we can conclude that natural radioactive contaminants move from the sand to other compartments. The sandto- plant (H. bonariensis) transfer coefficient is the highest; but is in the range reported in the literature. Underground fresh water value is below the intervention level for drinking water (0.55Bq.l-1). La costa este uruguaya posee una gran heterogeneidad de hábitats como ser dunas, mar, ríos, arroyos y aguas subterráneas, que portan una inmensa variedad de fauna y flora. En dicha área están presentes además recursos minerales, los cuales incluyen yacimientos de arenas negras, con 7 millones de toneladas de metales pesados evaluados en el área de Aguas Dulces – Valizas. Estos yacimientos están compuestos entre otros minerales por 0.6 % of monacita. Como resultado están presentes todos los radionucleidos pertenecientes a la serie del 238U y del 232Th series. A los efectos de evaluar la transferencia de la contaminación radiactiva natural desde arena a otros compartimentos la actividad total alfa y beta fue determinada utilizando Analyzing miniscaler Ratemeter modelo PRS-5/STB-3, para arena, aguas subterráneas y vegetación (Hydrocotile bonariensis Lamarck) del Balneario Valizas (34º 20´ 31.42” S y 53º 47´ 19.47” O). Todas las muestras fueron previamente tratadas, las muestras de arena fueron secadas, las aguas tratadas con HNO3, mantenidas a 4 º para su conservación y llevadas a sequedad, finalmente los vegetales fueron calcinados y las cenizas medidas. Fueron utilizados patrones de 238U y 232Th (IAEA RGU-1, RGTh-1). De las actividades específicas y de los coeficientes de transferencia obtenidos podemos concluir que los contaminantes radiactivos naturales migran de la arena a otros compartimentos. El coeficiente de transferencia de arena a H. bonariensis es el más elevado y está de acuerdo a los resultados previamente reportados en la literatura. Los valores obtenidos para aguas subterráneas están por debajo del límite de intervención determinado para agua potable (0.55 Bq.l-1). Rodríguez, Corina Iris Miranda del Fresno, María Carolina Miguel, Roberto Esteban Ulberich, Ana Cristina Ruiz de Galarreta, Alejandro http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/27797 2024-10-28T12:36:43Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Articulo Land use change and impact on groundwater in a southern neighborhood of Tandil city, Buenos Aires, Argentina AUGM DOMUS; vol. 5 Este trabajo se basa en el análisis los cambios de uso del suelo en el período 2003-2011 en un barrio de 79,62 ha ubicado al S interserrano de la ciudad de Tandil, y su vinculación con la calidad y disponibilidad de agua subterránea. El mapeo de imágenes satelitales y su contrastación en campo evidenciaron los cambios ocurridos en los usos del suelo del área de estudio, pasando de lotes sin uso definido y de cultivos a un incremento de aprovechamientos residenciales y turístico-comerciales principalmente. Sin embargo, como el sector no es abastecido por servicios de agua de red y sistema cloacal, se utilizan perforaciones particulares para la extracción de agua del acuífero libre, para consumo humano y uso recreativo, y se depositan los efluentes domiciliarios en pozos absorbentes. Los habitantes informaron sobre distintas problemáticas relacionadas al uso del agua tales como secado de pozos, necesidad de perforar a mayor profundidad, problemas de calidad del agua, escasez en época estival y para el llenado de piletas y colmatación de pozos ciegos en eventos de precipitaciones extremas. En 2011 se midieron los niveles freáticos y se tomaron muestras de agua para conocer la conductividad eléctrica (CE) y el contenido de nitratos. La CE osciló entre 480 y 1400 µS/cm denotando contaminaciones puntuales en la zona con mayor número de viviendas. El mismo comportamiento tienen los nitratos, variando desde 6 a 85 mg/L, con un punto que supera 200 mg/L. Estas alteraciones están ocasionadas principalmente por la disposición in situ de los efluentes domiciliarios, que genera un ciclo semicerrado de disposición - transporte - extracción del agua. La falta de planificación territorial con visión ambiental, sumada a la ausencia de servicios sanitarios y la ocupación en cabeceras de cuenca, pone en peligro la calidad y disponibilidad de agua subterránea y en riesgo a la salud de quienes lo consumen.; This work analyzes the changes in land use from 2003 to 2011 in a peripheral sector of 79, 62 hectares located at the Southern hilly area of Tandil city and its connection with groundwater quality and availability. The comparison and mapping of satellite images of the study area showed changes in land use from non-defined land uses and crop lands to tourist-commercial and residential utilization. However, this sector does not have drinking water and sewer systems. People use domiciliary boreholes to exploit phreatic aquifer for human and recreational consumption and they dispose their effluents in cesspits. Several problems related to groundwater use were found such as borehole drying, need to make them deeper, water quality disturbances, groundwater shortage in summer mainly for swimming pools, clogged cesspits due to extreme rains. Phreatic levels were measured and groundwater samples were taken in 2008 and 2011 to determine electrical conductivity (EC) and nitrate levels. Groundwater flew to the north and phreatic levels decreased in 2011. EC varied between 480 and 1400 µS.cm-1, showing local contamination in the most populated area. Nitrates showed the same pattern varying from 6 to 85 mg.L-1, including a site with more than 200 mg.L-1. The sector with the highest values is located downstream from groundwater flow. These alterations are mainly caused by local disposition of domiciliary effluents generating a half-closed cycle of groundwater disposition, transport and exploitation. The lack of both landuse planning from an environmental perspective and sanitary services together with recharge zone urbanization poses a risk to groundwater quality and availability as well as to human health.

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z Este trabajo se basa en el análisis los cambios de uso del suelo en el período 2003-2011 en un barrio de 79,62 ha ubicado al S interserrano de la ciudad de Tandil, y su vinculación con la calidad y disponibilidad de agua subterránea. El mapeo de imágenes satelitales y su contrastación en campo evidenciaron los cambios ocurridos en los usos del suelo del área de estudio, pasando de lotes sin uso definido y de cultivos a un incremento de aprovechamientos residenciales y turístico-comerciales principalmente. Sin embargo, como el sector no es abastecido por servicios de agua de red y sistema cloacal, se utilizan perforaciones particulares para la extracción de agua del acuífero libre, para consumo humano y uso recreativo, y se depositan los efluentes domiciliarios en pozos absorbentes. Los habitantes informaron sobre distintas problemáticas relacionadas al uso del agua tales como secado de pozos, necesidad de perforar a mayor profundidad, problemas de calidad del agua, escasez en época estival y para el llenado de piletas y colmatación de pozos ciegos en eventos de precipitaciones extremas. En 2011 se midieron los niveles freáticos y se tomaron muestras de agua para conocer la conductividad eléctrica (CE) y el contenido de nitratos. La CE osciló entre 480 y 1400 µS/cm denotando contaminaciones puntuales en la zona con mayor número de viviendas. El mismo comportamiento tienen los nitratos, variando desde 6 a 85 mg/L, con un punto que supera 200 mg/L. Estas alteraciones están ocasionadas principalmente por la disposición in situ de los efluentes domiciliarios, que genera un ciclo semicerrado de disposición - transporte - extracción del agua. La falta de planificación territorial con visión ambiental, sumada a la ausencia de servicios sanitarios y la ocupación en cabeceras de cuenca, pone en peligro la calidad y disponibilidad de agua subterránea y en riesgo a la salud de quienes lo consumen. This work analyzes the changes in land use from 2003 to 2011 in a peripheral sector of 79, 62 hectares located at the Southern hilly area of Tandil city and its connection with groundwater quality and availability. The comparison and mapping of satellite images of the study area showed changes in land use from non-defined land uses and crop lands to tourist-commercial and residential utilization. However, this sector does not have drinking water and sewer systems. People use domiciliary boreholes to exploit phreatic aquifer for human and recreational consumption and they dispose their effluents in cesspits. Several problems related to groundwater use were found such as borehole drying, need to make them deeper, water quality disturbances, groundwater shortage in summer mainly for swimming pools, clogged cesspits due to extreme rains. Phreatic levels were measured and groundwater samples were taken in 2008 and 2011 to determine electrical conductivity (EC) and nitrate levels. Groundwater flew to the north and phreatic levels decreased in 2011. EC varied between 480 and 1400 µS.cm-1, showing local contamination in the most populated area. Nitrates showed the same pattern varying from 6 to 85 mg.L-1, including a site with more than 200 mg.L-1. The sector with the highest values is located downstream from groundwater flow. These alterations are mainly caused by local disposition of domiciliary effluents generating a half-closed cycle of groundwater disposition, transport and exploitation. The lack of both landuse planning from an environmental perspective and sanitary services together with recharge zone urbanization poses a risk to groundwater quality and availability as well as to human health. Encabo, Matilde Mastrocola, Yusara Isis Vázquez, Victoria http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/27785 2024-10-28T12:36:43Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Articulo Biodiversity Conservation and Tourism Services AUGM DOMUS; vol. 5 La biodiversidad es un atractivo para millones de turistas que viajan alrededor del mundo. Sin embargo la presión ejercida sobre la misma puede provocar la desaparición de especies o la interferencia en los procesos ecológicos que la sostienen. En la Patagonia Argentina encontramos territorios que conservan biodiversidad, las Áreas Naturales Protegidas, destinos turísticos ofrecidos a la demanda de este tipo de Turismo en Naturaleza. Los Servicios Turísticos, desde la perspectiva del Modelo Recreación y Turismo en Conservación y desde las Buenas Prácticas Ambientales, deben aportar a la protección de los sistemas naturales que usan, para asegurar la propia actividad y para mejorar los aspectos ambientales de la operación turística. Desde la asignatura Patrimonio Natural Regional (FATU – UNCo), se propuso indagar en el conocimiento que las Agencias de viaje de Neuquén Capital, Provincia de Neuquén – Argentina, poseen acerca de las áreas naturales protegidas donde operan. La metodología utilizada fue la encuesta estructurada. Algunos resultados: ? El 25 % de las agencias de viaje desconocen el nombre de las Áreas Naturales Protegidas (ANP) con las que operan. ? El 45 % de las Agencias confunden el nombre del ANP con ciudades o con atractivos visitados. ? El 10 % de las agencias conocen el nombre del ANP donde trabajan. Algunas conclusiones: Se realizarán capacitaciones a prestadores de servicios Turísticos de la ciudad de Neuquén en la temática Áreas Naturales Protegidas. Se debería implementar asignaturas en relación a los Recursos Naturales en los últimos años de las carreras de Turismo para formar profesionales con mayores conocimientos científicos de los sistemas naturales y su conservación.; Biodiversity is an attractive for millions of tourists that travel around the world. However, influence on the environment by tourism, might cause the extinction of species or interfere in their ecological processes. Although there are initiatives to create wider environmental responsibility for touristic agencies, their responsibility is still weak giving priority almost exclusively to economic aspects. In Patagonia Argentina, there are territories that conserve the biodiversity, natural protected areas, that are tourist destinations offered to the demand of this type of tourism in nature. According to the model of recreation and tourism in conservation and best practice, touristic services, have to contribute to protecting the natural systems they use to assure their own activity and to improve environmental aspects involved in touristic operations. We proposed to investigate the knowledge travel agencies in Neuquén City (Neuquén Province, Argentina) have about the natural protected areas in which they operate. The methodology used was a structured survey. Some of the results were: 25 % of the travel agencies did not know the name of the natural protected areas (NPAs) in which they operate. Forty five percent of the travel agencies confused the name of NPAs with cities or other natural attractions. Ten percentof the travel agencies knew the name of the NPAs in which they work. Some conclusions were made. First, travel and other touristic service agents in Neuquén city should be trained in natural protected areas. Second, Subjects about natural resources should be implemented during the last years of the tourism university course to provide professionals with more scientific knowledge on natural systems and conservation.

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z La biodiversidad es un atractivo para millones de turistas que viajan alrededor del mundo. Sin embargo la presión ejercida sobre la misma puede provocar la desaparición de especies o la interferencia en los procesos ecológicos que la sostienen. En la Patagonia Argentina encontramos territorios que conservan biodiversidad, las Áreas Naturales Protegidas, destinos turísticos ofrecidos a la demanda de este tipo de Turismo en Naturaleza. Los Servicios Turísticos, desde la perspectiva del Modelo Recreación y Turismo en Conservación y desde las Buenas Prácticas Ambientales, deben aportar a la protección de los sistemas naturales que usan, para asegurar la propia actividad y para mejorar los aspectos ambientales de la operación turística. Desde la asignatura Patrimonio Natural Regional (FATU – UNCo), se propuso indagar en el conocimiento que las Agencias de viaje de Neuquén Capital, Provincia de Neuquén – Argentina, poseen acerca de las áreas naturales protegidas donde operan. La metodología utilizada fue la encuesta estructurada. Algunos resultados: ? El 25 % de las agencias de viaje desconocen el nombre de las Áreas Naturales Protegidas (ANP) con las que operan. ? El 45 % de las Agencias confunden el nombre del ANP con ciudades o con atractivos visitados. ? El 10 % de las agencias conocen el nombre del ANP donde trabajan. Algunas conclusiones: Se realizarán capacitaciones a prestadores de servicios Turísticos de la ciudad de Neuquén en la temática Áreas Naturales Protegidas. Se debería implementar asignaturas en relación a los Recursos Naturales en los últimos años de las carreras de Turismo para formar profesionales con mayores conocimientos científicos de los sistemas naturales y su conservación. Biodiversity is an attractive for millions of tourists that travel around the world. However, influence on the environment by tourism, might cause the extinction of species or interfere in their ecological processes. Although there are initiatives to create wider environmental responsibility for touristic agencies, their responsibility is still weak giving priority almost exclusively to economic aspects. In Patagonia Argentina, there are territories that conserve the biodiversity, natural protected areas, that are tourist destinations offered to the demand of this type of tourism in nature. According to the model of recreation and tourism in conservation and best practice, touristic services, have to contribute to protecting the natural systems they use to assure their own activity and to improve environmental aspects involved in touristic operations. We proposed to investigate the knowledge travel agencies in Neuquén City (Neuquén Province, Argentina) have about the natural protected areas in which they operate. The methodology used was a structured survey. Some of the results were: 25 % of the travel agencies did not know the name of the natural protected areas (NPAs) in which they operate. Forty five percent of the travel agencies confused the name of NPAs with cities or other natural attractions. Ten percentof the travel agencies knew the name of the NPAs in which they work. Some conclusions were made. First, travel and other touristic service agents in Neuquén city should be trained in natural protected areas. Second, Subjects about natural resources should be implemented during the last years of the tourism university course to provide professionals with more scientific knowledge on natural systems and conservation. Esteves Ivanissevich, María José Gigena, Mariana Paola Humphreys, Carolina Maruschak, Laura http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/27784 2024-10-28T12:36:43Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Articulo Environmental education: a key tool for environmental management AUGM DOMUS; vol. 5 Entendemos que el objeto de la educación ambiental no es el ambiente como tal, sino nuestra relación con él; la multiplicidad y diversidad de objetivos y la necesidad de anclar la intervención en cada contexto específico, hace de ésta una tarea inmensa y compleja. La provincia del Chubut registra desde el año 1999 un historial importante. Éste trabajo, toma lo realizado en la temática de eliminación de bolsas de polietileno en los espacios públicos, de forma interinstitucional y en ámbitos educativo formal y no formal. Con la hipótesis de que la educación ambiental constituye un instrumento de política ambiental preventivo atendiendo los problemas que afecten o pudieran afectar al ambiente; nos planteamos como objetivos: construir una ciudadanía ambientalmente responsable; Impulsar la formación y capacitación de docentes y actores sociales con una mirada ambiental; Contribuir a la conservación ambiental disponiendo de las nuevas tecnologías. La metodología se sustenta en una concepción que hace eje en el aumento de la participación de la sociedad. Desde el ámbito formal se trabajó durante el 2007-2011 con capacitaciones presenciales y a distancia, para docentes de nivel inicial y primario (434 capacitados), en forma conjunta con el Ministerio de Educación. El equipo de trabajo consta de cuatro profesionales del Ministerio de Ambiente y la colaboración de especialistas según el lugar y la temática. En el ámbito no formal se realizaron charlas y talleres con la comunidad (5826 capacitados); comunicación extrainstitucional por medios masivos de comunicación; campañas ambientales, trabajando en forma conjunta con organismos municipales, provinciales, no gubernamentales y privados. Se cubrieron 28 localidades en todo el territorio provincial. Se abarcó un gran número de docentes, quedando el trabajo con directores y supervisores, para pensar en la inclusión de las temáticas como los residuos sólidos urbanos, en el ámbito formal.; We understand that the purpose of environmental education is not to study the environment per se, but our relationship with it. Its multiple and different aims along with the need to anchor actions in specific contexts make it a huge and complex task. This article is based on actions taken in the province of Chubut (Argentina) to eliminate plastic bags in public areas through the coordination of different institutions. Both formal and informal education was given. On the basis of the hypothesis that environmental education is a preventive environmental policy instrument addressing the issues which affect or could affect the environment, we proposed the following objectives: to build an environmentally responsible citizenship, to promote the training of teachers and social actors from an environmental perspective, and to contribute to environmental conservation through new technologies. The methodology applied focuses on increasing social participation .In the 2007-2011 period, classes and distance learning courses for high and primary school teachers were held together with the Education Ministry. A total of 434 teachers were trained. The working team consists of four professionals from the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development Control together with experts according to their location and subject of interest. In the field of non- formal education, the Ministry organized talks and workshops for the community (5826 trained people), extrainstitutional communication on mass media and different environmental campaigns. This was accomplished by working together with municipal and provincial authorities, non-governmental organizations and the private sector. Twentyeight locations throughout the province and a large number of teachers were included in this work. It remains to do some work with directors and supervisors oriented towards the inclusion of issues such as municipal solid waste in formal education.

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z Entendemos que el objeto de la educación ambiental no es el ambiente como tal, sino nuestra relación con él; la multiplicidad y diversidad de objetivos y la necesidad de anclar la intervención en cada contexto específico, hace de ésta una tarea inmensa y compleja. La provincia del Chubut registra desde el año 1999 un historial importante. Éste trabajo, toma lo realizado en la temática de eliminación de bolsas de polietileno en los espacios públicos, de forma interinstitucional y en ámbitos educativo formal y no formal. Con la hipótesis de que la educación ambiental constituye un instrumento de política ambiental preventivo atendiendo los problemas que afecten o pudieran afectar al ambiente; nos planteamos como objetivos: construir una ciudadanía ambientalmente responsable; Impulsar la formación y capacitación de docentes y actores sociales con una mirada ambiental; Contribuir a la conservación ambiental disponiendo de las nuevas tecnologías. La metodología se sustenta en una concepción que hace eje en el aumento de la participación de la sociedad. Desde el ámbito formal se trabajó durante el 2007-2011 con capacitaciones presenciales y a distancia, para docentes de nivel inicial y primario (434 capacitados), en forma conjunta con el Ministerio de Educación. El equipo de trabajo consta de cuatro profesionales del Ministerio de Ambiente y la colaboración de especialistas según el lugar y la temática. En el ámbito no formal se realizaron charlas y talleres con la comunidad (5826 capacitados); comunicación extrainstitucional por medios masivos de comunicación; campañas ambientales, trabajando en forma conjunta con organismos municipales, provinciales, no gubernamentales y privados. Se cubrieron 28 localidades en todo el territorio provincial. Se abarcó un gran número de docentes, quedando el trabajo con directores y supervisores, para pensar en la inclusión de las temáticas como los residuos sólidos urbanos, en el ámbito formal. We understand that the purpose of environmental education is not to study the environment per se, but our relationship with it. Its multiple and different aims along with the need to anchor actions in specific contexts make it a huge and complex task. This article is based on actions taken in the province of Chubut (Argentina) to eliminate plastic bags in public areas through the coordination of different institutions. Both formal and informal education was given. On the basis of the hypothesis that environmental education is a preventive environmental policy instrument addressing the issues which affect or could affect the environment, we proposed the following objectives: to build an environmentally responsible citizenship, to promote the training of teachers and social actors from an environmental perspective, and to contribute to environmental conservation through new technologies. The methodology applied focuses on increasing social participation .In the 2007-2011 period, classes and distance learning courses for high and primary school teachers were held together with the Education Ministry. A total of 434 teachers were trained. The working team consists of four professionals from the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development Control together with experts according to their location and subject of interest. In the field of non- formal education, the Ministry organized talks and workshops for the community (5826 trained people), extrainstitutional communication on mass media and different environmental campaigns. This was accomplished by working together with municipal and provincial authorities, non-governmental organizations and the private sector. Twentyeight locations throughout the province and a large number of teachers were included in this work. It remains to do some work with directors and supervisors oriented towards the inclusion of issues such as municipal solid waste in formal education. Campanella, Enrique Ángel Ontiveros, Guillermo Alejandro http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/27783 2024-10-28T12:36:43Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Revision State of knowledge about PPCPs sorption processes in activated sludge AUGM DOMUS; vol. 5 Los farmacéuticos y productos de cuidado personal (PPCPs) pertenecen al grupo contaminantes emergentes, su riego ambiental no se había detectado hasta hace una década. Recientemente, han sido reportados de causar efectos adversos sobre la vida silvestre y humana. Además, la mayoría de estos compuestos derivan en plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales, donde pueden sufrir procesos de biodegradación, sorción en biomasa o stripping.Muchas investigaciones relevantes han sido realizadas para el estudio de la degradación de PPCPs, no obstante, la información sobre el proceso de sorción es limitada. Por lo tanto, es objetivo de este trabajo resumir el estado de conocimiento sobre el tema, a los efectos de establecer su estado actual y aclarar necesidades en materia de investigación y direcciones.La inspección del material disponible arroja resultados positivos relacionados al entendimiento de los mecanismos involucrados. Sin embargo, se ha determinado que la sorción de muchos PPCPs en la biomasa no es ideal, sino un proceso relativamente complejo. Como resultado de esta complejidad los modelos simplificados propuestos no logran una descripción completa, más aún, la predicción del particionado ambiental no es suficientemente precisa en algunos casos.Un estudio más detallado del proceso de adsorción de PPCP en barros activados es necesario para mejorar los modelos propuestos en diversos trabajos y optimizar la predicción del particionado. La información de la sorción de PPCP, sus metabolitos, y la competencia entre ellos, aún no es suficiente para ser incorporada en dichos modelos.; Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) belong to the group of emerging contaminants whose environment risk had not been detected until a decade ago. Recently, these compounds have been reported to cause adverse effects on wildlife and humans. In addition, most of these compounds ended in wastewater treatment plants where they undergo biodegradation processes, sorption on biomass or stripping. Several researches have been carried out to study PPCP biodegradation. However, scant information about their sorption process is available. Therefore, the aim of this work is to summarize the knowledge about this topic in order to identify the current state of art and possible research directions. An analysis of literature yields positive results as to the understanding of the involved sorption process mechanisms. Nevertheless, it has been determined that the sorption of many PPCPs on biomass is not ideal. On the contrary, it is a complex process. Consequently, simple models cannot achieve a complete description. Moreover, prediction of environmental partitioning is not precise enough for some cases. Information on PPCP sorption , its metabolites and their competition is not enough yet to be included in the literature models. More detailed studies of the adsorption process of PPCPs in activated sludge are necessary to improve the modeling and to optimize the prediction of partitioning.

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z Los farmacéuticos y productos de cuidado personal (PPCPs) pertenecen al grupo contaminantes emergentes, su riego ambiental no se había detectado hasta hace una década. Recientemente, han sido reportados de causar efectos adversos sobre la vida silvestre y humana. Además, la mayoría de estos compuestos derivan en plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales, donde pueden sufrir procesos de biodegradación, sorción en biomasa o stripping.Muchas investigaciones relevantes han sido realizadas para el estudio de la degradación de PPCPs, no obstante, la información sobre el proceso de sorción es limitada. Por lo tanto, es objetivo de este trabajo resumir el estado de conocimiento sobre el tema, a los efectos de establecer su estado actual y aclarar necesidades en materia de investigación y direcciones.La inspección del material disponible arroja resultados positivos relacionados al entendimiento de los mecanismos involucrados. Sin embargo, se ha determinado que la sorción de muchos PPCPs en la biomasa no es ideal, sino un proceso relativamente complejo. Como resultado de esta complejidad los modelos simplificados propuestos no logran una descripción completa, más aún, la predicción del particionado ambiental no es suficientemente precisa en algunos casos.Un estudio más detallado del proceso de adsorción de PPCP en barros activados es necesario para mejorar los modelos propuestos en diversos trabajos y optimizar la predicción del particionado. La información de la sorción de PPCP, sus metabolitos, y la competencia entre ellos, aún no es suficiente para ser incorporada en dichos modelos. Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) belong to the group of emerging contaminants whose environment risk had not been detected until a decade ago. Recently, these compounds have been reported to cause adverse effects on wildlife and humans. In addition, most of these compounds ended in wastewater treatment plants where they undergo biodegradation processes, sorption on biomass or stripping. Several researches have been carried out to study PPCP biodegradation. However, scant information about their sorption process is available. Therefore, the aim of this work is to summarize the knowledge about this topic in order to identify the current state of art and possible research directions. An analysis of literature yields positive results as to the understanding of the involved sorption process mechanisms. Nevertheless, it has been determined that the sorption of many PPCPs on biomass is not ideal. On the contrary, it is a complex process. Consequently, simple models cannot achieve a complete description. Moreover, prediction of environmental partitioning is not precise enough for some cases. Information on PPCP sorption , its metabolites and their competition is not enough yet to be included in the literature models. More detailed studies of the adsorption process of PPCPs in activated sludge are necessary to improve the modeling and to optimize the prediction of partitioning. Alcaraz, Mirta R. Fabiano, Silvia N. Cámara, María S. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/27782 2024-10-28T12:36:43Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Articulo Development of an amperometric tyrosinase biosensor for total phenolic content determination in superficial waters AUGM DOMUS; vol. 5 Los fenoles ingresan en los ecosistemas a través del drenaje de las aguas residuales a las aguas superficiales, como efecto de la producción y uso de plaguicidas y como resultado de procesos naturales. La determinación de estos compuestos tiene importancia analítica, debido a su toxicidad tanto para seres humanos como para el medio ambiente, y en las legislaciones nacionales e internacionales se fijan valores máximos permitidos de fenoles en agua obtenidos utilizando métodos de referencia. El objetivo de este trabajo es desarrollar y validar nuevas metodologías analíticas basadas en el uso de biosensores, para mejorar el control de residuos tóxicos presentes en matrices ambientales. Para esto, se utilizó un biosensor amperométrico de tirosinasa construido y optimizado en nuestro laboratorio para evaluar el nivel de contaminación por fenoles totales en aguas superficiales de la Provincia de Santa Fe. La inmovilización de la enzima sobre el electrodo composite de carbono se llevó a cabo mediante entrampamiento con Nafion, en una concentración de 100 UI de tirosinasa por electrodo. Este electrodo de trabajo, sumado a uno de referencia Ag|AgCl y uno auxiliar de hilo de platino, conforman el sistema que conectado a un analizador electroquímico permitió la obtención de las mediciones correspondientes. Las medidas amperométricas se llevaron a cabo a pH 6.80 en una celda de medición con previa incubación a 30°C a un potencial de trabajo de -0.100 V, bajo agitación constante. Se evaluó el efecto matriz y la presencia de interferencias de cada una de las muestras, como así también se estudió la recuperación obtenida en un ensayo de adición estándar. Cinco de siete muestras evaluadas pertenecientes a localidades del norte, este y centro sur de la provincia de Santa Fe, presentaron niveles de recuperación por encima de 120 %, indicando la posible presencia de fenoles.; Phenolic compounds are present in environmental fields due to their drainage of waste water to superficial water. They are generated during the production of pesticides and as a result of natural processes. As these compounds are highly toxic for environmental and human beings, their detection and quantitative estimation have analytical significance to minimize their hazardous effects. Thus, national and international legislation establishes maximum values for phenols in water by using reference methods. The aim of this work is to develop and to validate a new analytical methodology based on the use of biosensors to improve the control of toxic residues in environmental samples. An amperometric tyrosinase biosensor was constructed in our laboratory to evaluate phenolic concentration in superficial water in Santa Fe Province. The enzyme tyrosinase was Nafion entrapped to immobilize it on the electrode. The amount of deposited enzyme was 100 UI by electrode. Amperometric experiments were carried out using an electrochemical analyzer. A conventional three-electrode system was employed with the enzyme electrode as a working electrode, a platinum wire as the counter electrode, and the Ag|AgCl electrode as a reference electrode. All experiments were performed at 30°C, and fixed potential of -0.100 V in the electrochemical cell containing phosphate buffer at pH=6.80 under constant stirring with a magnetic bar.

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z Los fenoles ingresan en los ecosistemas a través del drenaje de las aguas residuales a las aguas superficiales, como efecto de la producción y uso de plaguicidas y como resultado de procesos naturales. La determinación de estos compuestos tiene importancia analítica, debido a su toxicidad tanto para seres humanos como para el medio ambiente, y en las legislaciones nacionales e internacionales se fijan valores máximos permitidos de fenoles en agua obtenidos utilizando métodos de referencia. El objetivo de este trabajo es desarrollar y validar nuevas metodologías analíticas basadas en el uso de biosensores, para mejorar el control de residuos tóxicos presentes en matrices ambientales. Para esto, se utilizó un biosensor amperométrico de tirosinasa construido y optimizado en nuestro laboratorio para evaluar el nivel de contaminación por fenoles totales en aguas superficiales de la Provincia de Santa Fe. La inmovilización de la enzima sobre el electrodo composite de carbono se llevó a cabo mediante entrampamiento con Nafion, en una concentración de 100 UI de tirosinasa por electrodo. Este electrodo de trabajo, sumado a uno de referencia Ag|AgCl y uno auxiliar de hilo de platino, conforman el sistema que conectado a un analizador electroquímico permitió la obtención de las mediciones correspondientes. Las medidas amperométricas se llevaron a cabo a pH 6.80 en una celda de medición con previa incubación a 30°C a un potencial de trabajo de -0.100 V, bajo agitación constante. Se evaluó el efecto matriz y la presencia de interferencias de cada una de las muestras, como así también se estudió la recuperación obtenida en un ensayo de adición estándar. Cinco de siete muestras evaluadas pertenecientes a localidades del norte, este y centro sur de la provincia de Santa Fe, presentaron niveles de recuperación por encima de 120 %, indicando la posible presencia de fenoles. Phenolic compounds are present in environmental fields due to their drainage of waste water to superficial water. They are generated during the production of pesticides and as a result of natural processes. As these compounds are highly toxic for environmental and human beings, their detection and quantitative estimation have analytical significance to minimize their hazardous effects. Thus, national and international legislation establishes maximum values for phenols in water by using reference methods. The aim of this work is to develop and to validate a new analytical methodology based on the use of biosensors to improve the control of toxic residues in environmental samples. An amperometric tyrosinase biosensor was constructed in our laboratory to evaluate phenolic concentration in superficial water in Santa Fe Province. The enzyme tyrosinase was Nafion entrapped to immobilize it on the electrode. The amount of deposited enzyme was 100 UI by electrode. Amperometric experiments were carried out using an electrochemical analyzer. A conventional three-electrode system was employed with the enzyme electrode as a working electrode, a platinum wire as the counter electrode, and the Ag|AgCl electrode as a reference electrode. All experiments were performed at 30°C, and fixed potential of -0.100 V in the electrochemical cell containing phosphate buffer at pH=6.80 under constant stirring with a magnetic bar. Orsi, Rafael A. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/27781 2024-10-28T12:36:43Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Articulo Living with garbage: social and environmental vulnerability in Jardim Graminha neighborhood, Leme, Sao Paulo AUGM DOMUS; vol. 5 A ocupação do espaço urbano acontece de maneira extremamente desigual. Aspectos políticos, econômicos e sociais convergem para a estruturação de uma problemática que atinge sobretudo a população mais pobre, que é impelida a ocupar áreas propensas a diferentes tipos de problemas socioambientais. Inundações, deslizamentos e vários tipos de poluição recaem de maneira mais acentuada em determinados grupos sociais que se encontram mais vulneráveis e fragilizados. A ação do poder público, em muitos casos, legitima essa estrutura e fortalece a reprodução social desse sistema. A partir dessa constatação, o trabalho busca averiguar a maior vulnerabilidade da população pobre a problemas socioambientais provenientes da deposição inadequada de resíduos sólidos urbanos e a conivência do poder público local com tal situação. Conjetura-se que essa problemática esteja ligada, em primeiro lugar, ao descaso do poder público com pela população pobre que habita áreas insalubres e, em segundo lugar, à incapacidade de articulação dessa população para reivindicar melhorias em seu espaço cotidiano. Para esta investigação foi selecionada uma área de deposição de resíduos no bairro Jardim Graminha, na cidade de Leme (SP), e através da observação sistematizada realizou-se a análise dessa área. O estudo mostra de maneira evidente a vulnerabilidade da população que vive próximo a essa área, que recebe diferentes tipos de lixo, e a falta de controle do poder público. Destaca-se ainda que a intervenção do poder público local e a utilização de instrumentos técnicos e políticos são necessárias para o planejamento e gestão do território com o intuito de mitigar os problemas e diminuir a vulnerabilidade socioambiental da população mais pobre.; Urban space occupation occurs in an extremely disordered way. Political, economical and social aspects converge to create a problem that affects mostly poor people who are impelled to occupy areas where social and environmental problems are likely to emerge. Floods, landslides and different forms of pollution have more effects on the most vulnerable groups. In many cases, actions taken by the government legitimate this structure and reinforce its reproduction. This work seeks to confirm both that poor people are vulnerable to social and environmental problems resulting from inappropriate urban solid waste disposal and that the local government contributes to this situation. It is assumed that the issue is related first to the government’s disregard for poor people who live in unhealthy places and, second, to the inability of such people to demand for better living conditions. In this study, a waste disposal area within Jardim Graminha neighborhood in Leme (São Paulo) was selected to be analyzed by means of systematic observation. The study clearly shows that poor people living near that area where different types of garbage are disposed are vulnerable and the government does not control the situation. It is also pointed out that governmental intervention and the use of political and technical tools are necessary for planning and managing the area to mitigate these problems and to decrease poor people’s social and environmental vulnerability.

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z A ocupação do espaço urbano acontece de maneira extremamente desigual. Aspectos políticos, econômicos e sociais convergem para a estruturação de uma problemática que atinge sobretudo a população mais pobre, que é impelida a ocupar áreas propensas a diferentes tipos de problemas socioambientais. Inundações, deslizamentos e vários tipos de poluição recaem de maneira mais acentuada em determinados grupos sociais que se encontram mais vulneráveis e fragilizados. A ação do poder público, em muitos casos, legitima essa estrutura e fortalece a reprodução social desse sistema. A partir dessa constatação, o trabalho busca averiguar a maior vulnerabilidade da população pobre a problemas socioambientais provenientes da deposição inadequada de resíduos sólidos urbanos e a conivência do poder público local com tal situação. Conjetura-se que essa problemática esteja ligada, em primeiro lugar, ao descaso do poder público com pela população pobre que habita áreas insalubres e, em segundo lugar, à incapacidade de articulação dessa população para reivindicar melhorias em seu espaço cotidiano. Para esta investigação foi selecionada uma área de deposição de resíduos no bairro Jardim Graminha, na cidade de Leme (SP), e através da observação sistematizada realizou-se a análise dessa área. O estudo mostra de maneira evidente a vulnerabilidade da população que vive próximo a essa área, que recebe diferentes tipos de lixo, e a falta de controle do poder público. Destaca-se ainda que a intervenção do poder público local e a utilização de instrumentos técnicos e políticos são necessárias para o planejamento e gestão do território com o intuito de mitigar os problemas e diminuir a vulnerabilidade socioambiental da população mais pobre. Urban space occupation occurs in an extremely disordered way. Political, economical and social aspects converge to create a problem that affects mostly poor people who are impelled to occupy areas where social and environmental problems are likely to emerge. Floods, landslides and different forms of pollution have more effects on the most vulnerable groups. In many cases, actions taken by the government legitimate this structure and reinforce its reproduction. This work seeks to confirm both that poor people are vulnerable to social and environmental problems resulting from inappropriate urban solid waste disposal and that the local government contributes to this situation. It is assumed that the issue is related first to the government’s disregard for poor people who live in unhealthy places and, second, to the inability of such people to demand for better living conditions. In this study, a waste disposal area within Jardim Graminha neighborhood in Leme (São Paulo) was selected to be analyzed by means of systematic observation. The study clearly shows that poor people living near that area where different types of garbage are disposed are vulnerable and the government does not control the situation. It is also pointed out that governmental intervention and the use of political and technical tools are necessary for planning and managing the area to mitigate these problems and to decrease poor people’s social and environmental vulnerability. Escobar, Luciana Inés http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/27780 2024-10-28T12:36:43Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Articulo Effect of livestock exclosures on vegetation in Laguna Blanca National Park AUGM DOMUS; vol. 5 El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos de la exclusión de ganado sobre la vegetación de tres ambientes del Parque Nacional Laguna Blanca (PNLB): un sector de estepa graminoso-arbustiva, un borde de laguna y un área de mallín. En ellos se comparó la composición florística, la riqueza y cobertura de especies dentro y fuera de las clausuras. Se evaluó el nivel de herbivoría mediante una escala semi-cuantitativa, y se midió el grado de compactación del suelo utilizando un penetrómetro de golpes. Las 276 especies presentes en el Parque corresponden a 56 familias (destacándose Asteraceae, Poaceae y Fabaceae) y representan dos grandes grupos funcionales: herbáceas (73,6%) y leñosas (26,3%). El 15% del total son exóticas, y su presencia se relaciona con el uso pastoril de las tierras. La diversidad en la composición vegetal del Parque es alta debido a la variedad de ambientes que allí existen, donde contrariamente a la cobertura, la riqueza de especies fue mayor en el sector estepario y menor en el mallín. La tendencia general es la de mayor riqueza y cobertura en el interior de las clausuras. El mayor impacto de herbivoría es producido por ganado ovino y caprino, debido a su amplia y versátil dieta como a la preferencia por el consumo de especies palatables, aunque la compactación del suelo fue significativa afuera de la clausura del sector estepario.Los resultados obtenidos mostraron la exitosa recuperación de la cobertura vegetal dentro de las clausuras contra ganado, poniendo de manifiesto la capacidad productiva de este ecosistema. Esto sugiere que un mediante riguroso control de la carga animal, aún existe una buena probabilidad de regeneración de las condiciones naturales características de este medio ambiente. ; We studied vegetation recovery in 10 plots (each of 2500 m2 ) inside and outside three exclosures from cattle spread in three areas degraded through grazing in Laguna Blanca National Park (LBNP). The studied area comprises the shore of Laguna Verde, a mallín sector and a steppe sector (peninsula of Laguna Blanca) whose exclosures are 10, 12 and 17 years old with an area of 28 ha, 0.25 ha and 140 ha, respectively. The following variables were compared inside and outside each exclosure: species richness and composition, vegetation similarity using Sorensen’s similarity index, bare soil proportion, full cover, herbaceous and most frequent species, grazing intensity, and soil compaction degree. Species richness was greater outside the exclosures. The mallín and the shore of Laguna Verde were more similar in terms of number of species in common both inside and outside the. Coverage of palatable species (forbs and grasses) was higher in Laguna Verde exclosure, whereas its shrub cover was greater outside. Total cover was higher in the exclosure of Laguna Blanca´s peninsula, whereas bare soil was higher outside the exclosures of the peninsula and Laguna Verde. The greatest effects of grazing were induced by sheep and goats, mainly in the mallín and Laguna Verde areas. Soil compaction was higher outside exclosures. We concluded that there is no strong evidence on desertification or shrub-increasing processes, except for the outer side of Laguna Verde exclosure. But there is a tendency to recover grass and forbs layers within exclosures, which shows the recovery capacity of these ecosystems through strict control of stocking.

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos de la exclusión de ganado sobre la vegetación de tres ambientes del Parque Nacional Laguna Blanca (PNLB): un sector de estepa graminoso-arbustiva, un borde de laguna y un área de mallín. En ellos se comparó la composición florística, la riqueza y cobertura de especies dentro y fuera de las clausuras. Se evaluó el nivel de herbivoría mediante una escala semi-cuantitativa, y se midió el grado de compactación del suelo utilizando un penetrómetro de golpes. Las 276 especies presentes en el Parque corresponden a 56 familias (destacándose Asteraceae, Poaceae y Fabaceae) y representan dos grandes grupos funcionales: herbáceas (73,6%) y leñosas (26,3%). El 15% del total son exóticas, y su presencia se relaciona con el uso pastoril de las tierras. La diversidad en la composición vegetal del Parque es alta debido a la variedad de ambientes que allí existen, donde contrariamente a la cobertura, la riqueza de especies fue mayor en el sector estepario y menor en el mallín. La tendencia general es la de mayor riqueza y cobertura en el interior de las clausuras. El mayor impacto de herbivoría es producido por ganado ovino y caprino, debido a su amplia y versátil dieta como a la preferencia por el consumo de especies palatables, aunque la compactación del suelo fue significativa afuera de la clausura del sector estepario.Los resultados obtenidos mostraron la exitosa recuperación de la cobertura vegetal dentro de las clausuras contra ganado, poniendo de manifiesto la capacidad productiva de este ecosistema. Esto sugiere que un mediante riguroso control de la carga animal, aún existe una buena probabilidad de regeneración de las condiciones naturales características de este medio ambiente.  We studied vegetation recovery in 10 plots (each of 2500 m2 ) inside and outside three exclosures from cattle spread in three areas degraded through grazing in Laguna Blanca National Park (LBNP). The studied area comprises the shore of Laguna Verde, a mallín sector and a steppe sector (peninsula of Laguna Blanca) whose exclosures are 10, 12 and 17 years old with an area of 28 ha, 0.25 ha and 140 ha, respectively. The following variables were compared inside and outside each exclosure: species richness and composition, vegetation similarity using Sorensen’s similarity index, bare soil proportion, full cover, herbaceous and most frequent species, grazing intensity, and soil compaction degree. Species richness was greater outside the exclosures. The mallín and the shore of Laguna Verde were more similar in terms of number of species in common both inside and outside the. Coverage of palatable species (forbs and grasses) was higher in Laguna Verde exclosure, whereas its shrub cover was greater outside. Total cover was higher in the exclosure of Laguna Blanca´s peninsula, whereas bare soil was higher outside the exclosures of the peninsula and Laguna Verde. The greatest effects of grazing were induced by sheep and goats, mainly in the mallín and Laguna Verde areas. Soil compaction was higher outside exclosures. We concluded that there is no strong evidence on desertification or shrub-increasing processes, except for the outer side of Laguna Verde exclosure. But there is a tendency to recover grass and forbs layers within exclosures, which shows the recovery capacity of these ecosystems through strict control of stocking.