http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/137 Wed, 21 Oct 2026 16:48:58 GMT 2026-10-21T16:48:58Z http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6749 Revision Evidence-based herbal medicine Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 24, no. 2 O uso da fitoterapia tem aumentado consideravelmente. Muitas vezes, estudos não científicos e a experiência popular são valorizados em preferência aos ensaios clínicos, que servem como suporte para as informações sobre indicações de uso, eficácia e segurança dos medicamentos fitoterápicos. A fitoterapia baseada em evidências permite uma avaliação crítica do seu emprego, maximizando seus benefícios e minimizando seus riscos. Através dessa ferramenta, verificou-se que as evidências disponíveis, até o momento, são fracas para justificar o uso da alcachofra no tratamento da hipercolesterolemia e que a castanhada-índia é uma alternativa promissora no tratamento da insuficiência venosa crônica. As evidências do ginseng e do maracujá são insuficientes para justificar sua utilização na prática clínica.; Interest in the use of herbal products has grown significantly in Western World. Many times non-scientific studies and traditional experiences of use are given more credit than clinical assays. The former may be considered as a support to obtain information about uses, efficacy and safety of phytopharmaceuticals. Evidence-based herbal medicine allows a critical evaluation of its use as a therapeutic alternative, maximizing its benefits and minimizing its risks. The evidence available shows that the use the artichoke in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia is not justified and that the horse chestnut is a promising alternative in the symptomatic treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. The evidences available about ginseng and passion flower are not enough to justify their safe use in clinical practice. Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6749 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z O uso da fitoterapia tem aumentado consideravelmente. Muitas vezes, estudos não científicos e a experiência popular são valorizados em preferência aos ensaios clínicos, que servem como suporte para as informações sobre indicações de uso, eficácia e segurança dos medicamentos fitoterápicos. A fitoterapia baseada em evidências permite uma avaliação crítica do seu emprego, maximizando seus benefícios e minimizando seus riscos. Através dessa ferramenta, verificou-se que as evidências disponíveis, até o momento, são fracas para justificar o uso da alcachofra no tratamento da hipercolesterolemia e que a castanhada-índia é uma alternativa promissora no tratamento da insuficiência venosa crônica. As evidências do ginseng e do maracujá são insuficientes para justificar sua utilização na prática clínica. Interest in the use of herbal products has grown significantly in Western World. Many times non-scientific studies and traditional experiences of use are given more credit than clinical assays. The former may be considered as a support to obtain information about uses, efficacy and safety of phytopharmaceuticals. Evidence-based herbal medicine allows a critical evaluation of its use as a therapeutic alternative, maximizing its benefits and minimizing its risks. The evidence available shows that the use the artichoke in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia is not justified and that the horse chestnut is a promising alternative in the symptomatic treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. The evidences available about ginseng and passion flower are not enough to justify their safe use in clinical practice. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6748 Revision Evidence-based herbal medicine Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 24, no. 2 O uso da fitoterapia tem aumentado consideravelmente. Muitas vezes, estudos não científicos e a experiência popular são valorizados em preferência aos ensaios clínicos, que servem como suporte para as informações sobre indicações de uso, eficácia e segurança dos medicamentos fitoterápicos. A fitoterapia baseada em evidências permite uma avaliação crítica do seu emprego, maximizando seus benefícios e minimizando seus riscos. Através dessa ferramenta, verificou-se que as evidências disponíveis, até o momento, justificam o uso do ginkgo no tratamento da claudicação intermitente, na doença de Alzheimer e na falta de memória e demência associadas com a idade. Há fortes evidências de eficácia do hipérico no tratamento da depressão leve a moderada. A kava é mais eficaz do que o placebo no tratamento sintomático da ansiedade. As evidências são fracas para a utilização da valeriana no tratamento dos distúrbios do sono.; Interest in the use of herbal products has grown significantly in the Western World. Many times non-scientific studies and traditional experiences of use are given more credit than clinical assays. The former may be considered as a support to obtain informations about uses, efficacy and safety of phytopharmaceuticals. Evidence-based herbal medicine allows a critic evaluation of its use as a therapeutic alternative, maximizing its benefits and minimizing its risks. For the phytopharmaceuticals presented here, the evidence available up to this moment show that the use of ginkgo is justified in the treatment of intermittent claudication, Alzheimer's disease, lack of memory and dementia associated with the age. There is strong evidence on the efficacy of St John's Wort in mild to moderate depression, and that Kava is more efficient than placebo in the symptomatic treatment of anxiety. There is not such a clear evidence coming from the application of valerian in sleeping disturbances. Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6748 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z O uso da fitoterapia tem aumentado consideravelmente. Muitas vezes, estudos não científicos e a experiência popular são valorizados em preferência aos ensaios clínicos, que servem como suporte para as informações sobre indicações de uso, eficácia e segurança dos medicamentos fitoterápicos. A fitoterapia baseada em evidências permite uma avaliação crítica do seu emprego, maximizando seus benefícios e minimizando seus riscos. Através dessa ferramenta, verificou-se que as evidências disponíveis, até o momento, justificam o uso do ginkgo no tratamento da claudicação intermitente, na doença de Alzheimer e na falta de memória e demência associadas com a idade. Há fortes evidências de eficácia do hipérico no tratamento da depressão leve a moderada. A kava é mais eficaz do que o placebo no tratamento sintomático da ansiedade. As evidências são fracas para a utilização da valeriana no tratamento dos distúrbios do sono. Interest in the use of herbal products has grown significantly in the Western World. Many times non-scientific studies and traditional experiences of use are given more credit than clinical assays. The former may be considered as a support to obtain informations about uses, efficacy and safety of phytopharmaceuticals. Evidence-based herbal medicine allows a critic evaluation of its use as a therapeutic alternative, maximizing its benefits and minimizing its risks. For the phytopharmaceuticals presented here, the evidence available up to this moment show that the use of ginkgo is justified in the treatment of intermittent claudication, Alzheimer's disease, lack of memory and dementia associated with the age. There is strong evidence on the efficacy of St John's Wort in mild to moderate depression, and that Kava is more efficient than placebo in the symptomatic treatment of anxiety. There is not such a clear evidence coming from the application of valerian in sleeping disturbances. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6747 Articulo Fusion inhibitors drugs: a strategy to fight HIV replication Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 24, no. 2 Atualmente, o tratamento no combate ao vírus HIV é baseado na inibição das enzimas necessárias à sua replicação nas células infectadas. Comumente, uma combinação de medicamentos, capazes de inibir as enzimas transcriptase reversa e protease é empregada. Porém, devido ao surgimento de vírus resistentes, intensas investigações têm sido realizadas na busca de novas estratégias no combate à replicação do vírus HIV. Uma promissora área de pesquisa é baseada no estudo e obtenção de fármacos capazes de prevenir a entrada do vírus na célula hospedeira, chamados de inibidores de fusão. Promissores fármacos antifusão têm sido submetidos a testes clínicos, sendo os de maior destaque apresentados na presente revisão.; Current chemotherapeutic interventions of HIV-1 infection are directed toward inhibiting enzymes that are required for viral replication, once a host cell has been invaded. Typically a combination of HIV reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors is prescribed. However, the emergence of viral strain that are resistant to these drugs has fueled investigations into alternative intervention strategies. One active area of research has focused on drugs preventing HIV entry into host cells, called fusion inhibitors. A number of promising agents HIV-1 entry inhibitors have been submitted to clinical trials and some of them will be present in this review. Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6747 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z Atualmente, o tratamento no combate ao vírus HIV é baseado na inibição das enzimas necessárias à sua replicação nas células infectadas. Comumente, uma combinação de medicamentos, capazes de inibir as enzimas transcriptase reversa e protease é empregada. Porém, devido ao surgimento de vírus resistentes, intensas investigações têm sido realizadas na busca de novas estratégias no combate à replicação do vírus HIV. Uma promissora área de pesquisa é baseada no estudo e obtenção de fármacos capazes de prevenir a entrada do vírus na célula hospedeira, chamados de inibidores de fusão. Promissores fármacos antifusão têm sido submetidos a testes clínicos, sendo os de maior destaque apresentados na presente revisão. Current chemotherapeutic interventions of HIV-1 infection are directed toward inhibiting enzymes that are required for viral replication, once a host cell has been invaded. Typically a combination of HIV reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors is prescribed. However, the emergence of viral strain that are resistant to these drugs has fueled investigations into alternative intervention strategies. One active area of research has focused on drugs preventing HIV entry into host cells, called fusion inhibitors. A number of promising agents HIV-1 entry inhibitors have been submitted to clinical trials and some of them will be present in this review. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6746 Articulo Erythroxylum genus: analysis of scientific information Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 24, no. 2 De las 369 especies del género Erythroxylum que se reconocen en la literatura científica solo se han estudiado 63, lo que evidencia que el género ha sido poco investigado. En este trabajo se realiza un análisis de la información científica disponible sobre el género Erythroxylum, a partir de las referencias contenidas en las bases de datos vinculadas al estudio de los productos naturales, tales como el Diccionario de Productos Naturales, Natural Products Alerts (NAPRALERT), US National Libray of medicine 2003 (MedLine) y Chemical Abstracts (CDs), entre otras. Los órganos más utilizados de la planta para el uso etnomédico o los estudios científicos son las hojas y el tronco. Entre las propiedades etnomédicas de mayor uso se encuentran: estimulante, para la inducción de euforia y el alivio de la fatiga. Se mencionan el poder citotóxico y antibacteriano de los extractos crudos de algunas de las especies del género. Los componentes químicos que aparecen con mayor frecuencia en la literatura son los terpenoides, alcaloides y flavonoides. Existen 16 patentes referidas fundamentalmente a su utilización como herbicida, antimicrobiano, contra el estrés oxidativo y para la anorexia.; Only 63 species has been studied from the 369 species reported in scientific literature related to the genus Erythroxylum, which evidences that this genus has been little studied. This work is a bibliographic analysis of the Erythroxylum genus, which takes as references the databases related to natural products, such as the Dictionary of Natural Products, the Natural Products Alerts (NAPRALERT) and US National Libray of medicine (MedLine) databases, as well as the Chemical Abstracts Referative Journal (CDs) , among others. The leaves and the trunks are the plant organs more used for ethnomedical treatments or scientific studies. The ethnomedical properties more quoted for Erythroxylum species are stimulant, euphoriant and relief of fatigue. Citotoxic and antibacterial activities of extracts for some of the species are also mentioned. The chemical compounds more frequently mentioned in scientific literature are terpenoids, alkaloids and flavonoids. There are only 16 patents referred to the use of Erythroxylum species like herbicide, antimicrobiane, against the oxidative stress and anorexy. Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6746 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z De las 369 especies del género Erythroxylum que se reconocen en la literatura científica solo se han estudiado 63, lo que evidencia que el género ha sido poco investigado. En este trabajo se realiza un análisis de la información científica disponible sobre el género Erythroxylum, a partir de las referencias contenidas en las bases de datos vinculadas al estudio de los productos naturales, tales como el Diccionario de Productos Naturales, Natural Products Alerts (NAPRALERT), US National Libray of medicine 2003 (MedLine) y Chemical Abstracts (CDs), entre otras. Los órganos más utilizados de la planta para el uso etnomédico o los estudios científicos son las hojas y el tronco. Entre las propiedades etnomédicas de mayor uso se encuentran: estimulante, para la inducción de euforia y el alivio de la fatiga. Se mencionan el poder citotóxico y antibacteriano de los extractos crudos de algunas de las especies del género. Los componentes químicos que aparecen con mayor frecuencia en la literatura son los terpenoides, alcaloides y flavonoides. Existen 16 patentes referidas fundamentalmente a su utilización como herbicida, antimicrobiano, contra el estrés oxidativo y para la anorexia. Only 63 species has been studied from the 369 species reported in scientific literature related to the genus Erythroxylum, which evidences that this genus has been little studied. This work is a bibliographic analysis of the Erythroxylum genus, which takes as references the databases related to natural products, such as the Dictionary of Natural Products, the Natural Products Alerts (NAPRALERT) and US National Libray of medicine (MedLine) databases, as well as the Chemical Abstracts Referative Journal (CDs) , among others. The leaves and the trunks are the plant organs more used for ethnomedical treatments or scientific studies. The ethnomedical properties more quoted for Erythroxylum species are stimulant, euphoriant and relief of fatigue. Citotoxic and antibacterial activities of extracts for some of the species are also mentioned. The chemical compounds more frequently mentioned in scientific literature are terpenoids, alkaloids and flavonoids. There are only 16 patents referred to the use of Erythroxylum species like herbicide, antimicrobiane, against the oxidative stress and anorexy. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6745 Articulo Pilot study about dispensing of medicinal plants and phytomedicines in Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 24, no. 2 Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um estudo exploratório sobre o uso e dispensação de fitoterápicos e plantas medicinais em farmácias e drogarias de Porto Alegre (Brasil). Foram contatadas 20 farmácias e em todas foi relatada a procura por fitoterápicos e plantas medicinais. A maioria dos produtos dispensados é aprovada pela legislação brasileira e internacional; o acompanhamento de receita médica é eventual e a solicitação de orientação farmacêutica não é freqüente. No entanto, vários profissionais relataram suspeitar da ocorrência de efeitos adversos relacionados à utilização destes produtos. Assim, evidencia- se a necessidade de uma formação adequada dos profissionais da saúde e educação do paciente para a promoção do uso racional de fitoterápicos e plantas medicinais.; This work aimed to carry out a pilot study about the use and dispensing of phytomedicines and medicinal plants by drugstores in Porto Alegre (Brazil). Twenty drugstores were contacted and, in all of them, the search for phytomedicines and medicinal plants was mentioned by the pharmacists. Most of the dispensed products are approved by the Brazilian and international legislation, but prescription accompaniment and/or ask for pharmacist counseling are not frequent. However, several professionals have already suspected of the occurrence of adverse effects related to the use of these products. These results are in accord with other studies and point out the need of an appropriate health professional's formation and patient's education in order to promote the rational use of phytomedicines and medicinal plants. Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6745 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um estudo exploratório sobre o uso e dispensação de fitoterápicos e plantas medicinais em farmácias e drogarias de Porto Alegre (Brasil). Foram contatadas 20 farmácias e em todas foi relatada a procura por fitoterápicos e plantas medicinais. A maioria dos produtos dispensados é aprovada pela legislação brasileira e internacional; o acompanhamento de receita médica é eventual e a solicitação de orientação farmacêutica não é freqüente. No entanto, vários profissionais relataram suspeitar da ocorrência de efeitos adversos relacionados à utilização destes produtos. Assim, evidencia- se a necessidade de uma formação adequada dos profissionais da saúde e educação do paciente para a promoção do uso racional de fitoterápicos e plantas medicinais. This work aimed to carry out a pilot study about the use and dispensing of phytomedicines and medicinal plants by drugstores in Porto Alegre (Brazil). Twenty drugstores were contacted and, in all of them, the search for phytomedicines and medicinal plants was mentioned by the pharmacists. Most of the dispensed products are approved by the Brazilian and international legislation, but prescription accompaniment and/or ask for pharmacist counseling are not frequent. However, several professionals have already suspected of the occurrence of adverse effects related to the use of these products. These results are in accord with other studies and point out the need of an appropriate health professional's formation and patient's education in order to promote the rational use of phytomedicines and medicinal plants. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6744 Articulo Self-medication in students of pharmacy of the Northeast University, Argentina Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 24, no. 2 Se reportan los resultados de un estudio transversal, descriptivo y con recolección prospectiva de la información de automedicación de estudiantes de Farmacia. La población seleccionada fue el total de alumnos regulares del ciclo lectivo 2001 de la Carrera de Farmacia, de la Facultad de Agroindustrias (Universidad Nacional del Nordeste) de Sáenz Peña, Chaco, República Argentina. La muestra estuvo constituida por el 51,8% de la población (216 estudiantes). Se pretendió definir el perfil de conducta de automedicación de dichos estudiantes y establecer algunos parámetros que permitan una aproximación a la descripción de la realidad socio-sanitaria de los mismos.; The results of a study (transversal, descriptive, with the information prospective recollection) of self-medication in students of Pharmacy are reported in this paper. The selected population were regular students of the 2001 lective cycle of Pharmacy Career, from the Faculty of Agroindustry, Northeast University (UNNE) in Sáenz Peña, Chaco, Argentina. The size of the sample included the 51.8% (216 students) of the population. It was intended to define their self-medication behavior profile and determine some features allowing the approach to a description of their socio-sanitary reality. Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6744 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z Se reportan los resultados de un estudio transversal, descriptivo y con recolección prospectiva de la información de automedicación de estudiantes de Farmacia. La población seleccionada fue el total de alumnos regulares del ciclo lectivo 2001 de la Carrera de Farmacia, de la Facultad de Agroindustrias (Universidad Nacional del Nordeste) de Sáenz Peña, Chaco, República Argentina. La muestra estuvo constituida por el 51,8% de la población (216 estudiantes). Se pretendió definir el perfil de conducta de automedicación de dichos estudiantes y establecer algunos parámetros que permitan una aproximación a la descripción de la realidad socio-sanitaria de los mismos. The results of a study (transversal, descriptive, with the information prospective recollection) of self-medication in students of Pharmacy are reported in this paper. The selected population were regular students of the 2001 lective cycle of Pharmacy Career, from the Faculty of Agroindustry, Northeast University (UNNE) in Sáenz Peña, Chaco, Argentina. The size of the sample included the 51.8% (216 students) of the population. It was intended to define their self-medication behavior profile and determine some features allowing the approach to a description of their socio-sanitary reality. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6743 Articulo How are drugs stored in the households? Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 24, no. 2 Um estudo transversal foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar como e onde os medicamentos são armazenados nas residências, quais os medicamentos e o seu uso corrente. Os dados foram obtidos através de um questionário estruturado, preenchido durante a entrevista domiciliar. Dos 101 domicílios visitados, 98 apresentaram pelo menos um medicamento, em média 20, com variação entre um até 89 unidades. Os locais de armazenamento mais freqüentes foram a cozinha (43%), dormitório (28%) e banheiro (14%). A maioria dos medicamentos apresentaram formas farmacêuticas para uso oral (67%) e tópico (22%). As classes terapêuticas de maior freqüência foram os analgésicos (18%), antiinflamatórios (6,5%) e antibacterianos (4,7%). A data de validade pode ser encontrada em 83% dos produtos, e em 16% desses casos estava ultrapassada. Em conclusão, o conjunto de resultados indica a necessidade de desenvolver estratégias para educar o paciente para a utilização e manutenção dos medicamentos que possui em seu estoque domiciliar.; A cross-sectional study was carried out to analyze how and where drug preparations are stored in households and to evaluate the kind of drugs stored, current usage and storage conditions. The data were collected by a questionnaire filled in during home visits. Of the 101 households visited, 98 had at least one drug stored, mean of 20, and the range 1-89 drugs. Storage places more frequently used were kitchen (43%), bed room (28%) and bathroom (14%). Most drugs were for oral (67%) and topical (22%) administration. The most commonly encountered drugs were analgesic (18%), anti-inflammatory (6,5%) and antibacterial drugs (4,7%). The expiry date could be found in 83% of the products, and in 16% of these cases the drugs were over the expiry dates. In conclusion, our results show the need of management strategies for patient education in the drug utilization and the proper storage of drug in households. Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6743 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z Um estudo transversal foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar como e onde os medicamentos são armazenados nas residências, quais os medicamentos e o seu uso corrente. Os dados foram obtidos através de um questionário estruturado, preenchido durante a entrevista domiciliar. Dos 101 domicílios visitados, 98 apresentaram pelo menos um medicamento, em média 20, com variação entre um até 89 unidades. Os locais de armazenamento mais freqüentes foram a cozinha (43%), dormitório (28%) e banheiro (14%). A maioria dos medicamentos apresentaram formas farmacêuticas para uso oral (67%) e tópico (22%). As classes terapêuticas de maior freqüência foram os analgésicos (18%), antiinflamatórios (6,5%) e antibacterianos (4,7%). A data de validade pode ser encontrada em 83% dos produtos, e em 16% desses casos estava ultrapassada. Em conclusão, o conjunto de resultados indica a necessidade de desenvolver estratégias para educar o paciente para a utilização e manutenção dos medicamentos que possui em seu estoque domiciliar. A cross-sectional study was carried out to analyze how and where drug preparations are stored in households and to evaluate the kind of drugs stored, current usage and storage conditions. The data were collected by a questionnaire filled in during home visits. Of the 101 households visited, 98 had at least one drug stored, mean of 20, and the range 1-89 drugs. Storage places more frequently used were kitchen (43%), bed room (28%) and bathroom (14%). Most drugs were for oral (67%) and topical (22%) administration. The most commonly encountered drugs were analgesic (18%), anti-inflammatory (6,5%) and antibacterial drugs (4,7%). The expiry date could be found in 83% of the products, and in 16% of these cases the drugs were over the expiry dates. In conclusion, our results show the need of management strategies for patient education in the drug utilization and the proper storage of drug in households. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6742 Articulo Behaviours of prescription in Porto Alegre (Brasil) pharmacies about a presentation of a case of sore throat Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 24, no. 2 Foram visitadas 160 farmácias do município de Porto Alegre, onde foram apresentadas queixas de dor de garganta com características virais ou bacterianas. De acordo com as condutas de balcão previamente estipuladas, verificou-se que 37% (54) foram consideradas corretas e 63% (91) incorretas. O número total de medicamentos prescritos foi de 181 representados por 57 especialidades farmacêuticas. Concluiu-se que há prescrição indevida de fármacos, independente do nível de informação diagnóstica atingido e do quadro apresentado, demonstrando a falta de relação entre o diagnóstico e a conduta realizada pelo atendente.; One hundred and sixty pharmacies in the town council of Porto Alegre were visited and presented with complaints of a sore throat with viral or bacterial characteristics. In accordance with predetermined stipulations of what would constitute correct behaviour at the counter, it was found that 37% (54) of the pharmacies were considered to have correct behaviour, while 63% (91) had incorrect behaviour. The total number of medications prescribed was 181, consisting of 57 pharmaceutical specialties. It was concluded that improper prescription of drugs takes place, independent of the level of diagnostic information obtained and the condition presented by the individual. This demonstrates the lack of correlation between the diagnosis and the behaviour of the pharmacy's assistance. Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6742 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z Foram visitadas 160 farmácias do município de Porto Alegre, onde foram apresentadas queixas de dor de garganta com características virais ou bacterianas. De acordo com as condutas de balcão previamente estipuladas, verificou-se que 37% (54) foram consideradas corretas e 63% (91) incorretas. O número total de medicamentos prescritos foi de 181 representados por 57 especialidades farmacêuticas. Concluiu-se que há prescrição indevida de fármacos, independente do nível de informação diagnóstica atingido e do quadro apresentado, demonstrando a falta de relação entre o diagnóstico e a conduta realizada pelo atendente. One hundred and sixty pharmacies in the town council of Porto Alegre were visited and presented with complaints of a sore throat with viral or bacterial characteristics. In accordance with predetermined stipulations of what would constitute correct behaviour at the counter, it was found that 37% (54) of the pharmacies were considered to have correct behaviour, while 63% (91) had incorrect behaviour. The total number of medications prescribed was 181, consisting of 57 pharmaceutical specialties. It was concluded that improper prescription of drugs takes place, independent of the level of diagnostic information obtained and the condition presented by the individual. This demonstrates the lack of correlation between the diagnosis and the behaviour of the pharmacy's assistance. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6741 Articulo Pharmaceutical waste in Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 24, no. 2 Se analizaron 37 farmacias y 11 dependencias municipales para evaluar la generación de residuos de medicamentos en instituciones locales. Los datos hallados fueron poco significativos al compararlos con los residuos biopatogénicos por volumen y peligrosidad. La generación domiciliaria de medicamentos caducos es mayor que la institucional. Se propone no incluir en la misma norma residuos biopatogénicos y medicamentos (por diferencias en el riesgo que involucran, recaudos de manejo y tratamientos requeridos), unificar nomenclatura en distintas jurisdicciones, devolver todos los medicamentos vencidos a los laboratorios de origen e implementar un sistema de recupero de medicamentos inutilizados en hogares para su disposición adecuada, bajo supervisión farmacéutica.; Thirty-seven pharmacies and eleven community health centers were studied in order to evaluate the local pharmaceutical waste generation. The values obtained were of not much significance when their volume and riskness were compared with biopatogenic waste. Home generation of pharmaceutical waste was greater than institutional generation. It is proposed not to include biopatogenic and pharmaceutical waste in the same rule because of their differences in risk, management care and required treatments; to unify nomenclature in different jurisdictions; to return all expired pharmaceuticals to manufacturers, and to develop a recover system from homes to give the expired pharmaceuticals an appropriate management under a pharmacist responsibility. Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6741 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z Se analizaron 37 farmacias y 11 dependencias municipales para evaluar la generación de residuos de medicamentos en instituciones locales. Los datos hallados fueron poco significativos al compararlos con los residuos biopatogénicos por volumen y peligrosidad. La generación domiciliaria de medicamentos caducos es mayor que la institucional. Se propone no incluir en la misma norma residuos biopatogénicos y medicamentos (por diferencias en el riesgo que involucran, recaudos de manejo y tratamientos requeridos), unificar nomenclatura en distintas jurisdicciones, devolver todos los medicamentos vencidos a los laboratorios de origen e implementar un sistema de recupero de medicamentos inutilizados en hogares para su disposición adecuada, bajo supervisión farmacéutica. Thirty-seven pharmacies and eleven community health centers were studied in order to evaluate the local pharmaceutical waste generation. The values obtained were of not much significance when their volume and riskness were compared with biopatogenic waste. Home generation of pharmaceutical waste was greater than institutional generation. It is proposed not to include biopatogenic and pharmaceutical waste in the same rule because of their differences in risk, management care and required treatments; to unify nomenclature in different jurisdictions; to return all expired pharmaceuticals to manufacturers, and to develop a recover system from homes to give the expired pharmaceuticals an appropriate management under a pharmacist responsibility. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6740 Articulo Validation of an isocratic HPLC assay of Losartan Potassium in pharmaceutical formulations and stress test for stability evaluation of drug substance Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 24, no. 2 El presente trabajo describe la validación de un método isocrático de HPLC destinado a la valoración cuantitativa de losartano potá- sico en tabletas y cápsulas. Fue también evaluada la estabilidad de la materia prima después de ensayos de degradación forzada por detector de PDA. La fase móvil consiste en una mezcla de solución de trietilamina 0,5% (pH 2,4) y acetonitrilo (60/40) (v/v). Se utilizó columna Shimadzu CLC-C8 150 x 4,6 mm (5 µm) y la longitud de onda de trabajo fue de 225 nm. Se comprobó que este método fue lineal (r>0,999) para un intervalo de 15-45 µg/ml. Los porcentajes de recuperación variaron entre 98,77 y 101,45%; los coeficientes de variación obtenidos en los estudios de precisión fueron ≤ 0,80%. El método permite separar el fármaco de los productos de degradación, por lo que se le puede emplear en estudios de estabilidad.; This paper describes the validation of an isocratic HPLC method for the assay of losartan potassium tablets and capsules and the evaluation of the stability of drug substance after stress tests by photodiode array detection. The method employ a Shimadzu CLC-C8 column with triethylamine solution (0.5%) pH 2.4 and acetonitrile 60:40 (v/v) as the mobile phase and ultraviolet (UV) detection at 225 nm. A linear response (r>0.999) was observed over the concentration range of 15-45 µg/ml. The results showed good recoveries, ranging from 98.77 to 101.45% and the relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) intra-day and inter-day were ≤ 0.80%. The peak purity was determined by PDA detector. As the method could effectively separate the drug from its degradation products, it can be used in stability studies for drug substance. Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6740 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z El presente trabajo describe la validación de un método isocrático de HPLC destinado a la valoración cuantitativa de losartano potá- sico en tabletas y cápsulas. Fue también evaluada la estabilidad de la materia prima después de ensayos de degradación forzada por detector de PDA. La fase móvil consiste en una mezcla de solución de trietilamina 0,5% (pH 2,4) y acetonitrilo (60/40) (v/v). Se utilizó columna Shimadzu CLC-C8 150 x 4,6 mm (5 µm) y la longitud de onda de trabajo fue de 225 nm. Se comprobó que este método fue lineal (r>0,999) para un intervalo de 15-45 µg/ml. Los porcentajes de recuperación variaron entre 98,77 y 101,45%; los coeficientes de variación obtenidos en los estudios de precisión fueron ≤ 0,80%. El método permite separar el fármaco de los productos de degradación, por lo que se le puede emplear en estudios de estabilidad. This paper describes the validation of an isocratic HPLC method for the assay of losartan potassium tablets and capsules and the evaluation of the stability of drug substance after stress tests by photodiode array detection. The method employ a Shimadzu CLC-C8 column with triethylamine solution (0.5%) pH 2.4 and acetonitrile 60:40 (v/v) as the mobile phase and ultraviolet (UV) detection at 225 nm. A linear response (r>0.999) was observed over the concentration range of 15-45 µg/ml. The results showed good recoveries, ranging from 98.77 to 101.45% and the relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) intra-day and inter-day were ≤ 0.80%. The peak purity was determined by PDA detector. As the method could effectively separate the drug from its degradation products, it can be used in stability studies for drug substance. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6739 Articulo Determination of flutamide in tablets by high-performance liquid chromatography Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 24, no. 2 La Flutamida es un antiandrógeno potente usado para el tratameinto del cáncer de próstata. Se presenta aquí un método simple, sensible y seguro de cromatografía de alta resolución (HPLC) para la determinación cuatntitativa de flutamida en comprimidos, utilizando una técnica den fase reversa y detecttión UV a 240 nm. Se usó elución isocrática para cuantificar al analito. Las muestras fueron cromatografiadso sobre una columna Luna C-18 y la fase móvil fue buffer fosfat 0.05 M de pH 4, - acetonitrilo (50:50, v/v). El método resultó linear entre 2,9 y 11, 6 mg.L–1 -Por encima del rango de concentraciontes ensayadas la desviación estándar relativa intradiaria para aná . lisis duplicados en comprimidos varió del 0,44 al 0,78%. También pudo comprobarse que los excipientes de los comprimidos comericales no interfieren con el método.; Flutamide is a potent antiandrogen used for the treatment of prostatic cancer. A simple, sensitive and accurate high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is presented for quantitative determination of flutamide in tablets, using a reversed-phase technique and UV detection at 240 nm. The isocratic elution was used to quantify the analyte. The samples were chromatographed on Luna-C18 column and the mobile phase was 0.05 M phosphate buffer pH 4.0 - acetonitrile (50:50, v/v). The method was linear between 2.9 - 11.6 mg L–1 Over the tested concentration range the intra-day relative standard . deviation for replicate analysis in tablets ranged from 0.44 to 0.78%. It was also found that the excipients in the commercial tablets did not interfere with the method. Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6739 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z La Flutamida es un antiandrógeno potente usado para el tratameinto del cáncer de próstata. Se presenta aquí un método simple, sensible y seguro de cromatografía de alta resolución (HPLC) para la determinación cuatntitativa de flutamida en comprimidos, utilizando una técnica den fase reversa y detecttión UV a 240 nm. Se usó elución isocrática para cuantificar al analito. Las muestras fueron cromatografiadso sobre una columna Luna C-18 y la fase móvil fue buffer fosfat 0.05 M de pH 4, - acetonitrilo (50:50, v/v). El método resultó linear entre 2,9 y 11, 6 mg.L–1 -Por encima del rango de concentraciontes ensayadas la desviación estándar relativa intradiaria para aná . lisis duplicados en comprimidos varió del 0,44 al 0,78%. También pudo comprobarse que los excipientes de los comprimidos comericales no interfieren con el método. Flutamide is a potent antiandrogen used for the treatment of prostatic cancer. A simple, sensitive and accurate high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is presented for quantitative determination of flutamide in tablets, using a reversed-phase technique and UV detection at 240 nm. The isocratic elution was used to quantify the analyte. The samples were chromatographed on Luna-C18 column and the mobile phase was 0.05 M phosphate buffer pH 4.0 - acetonitrile (50:50, v/v). The method was linear between 2.9 - 11.6 mg L–1 Over the tested concentration range the intra-day relative standard . deviation for replicate analysis in tablets ranged from 0.44 to 0.78%. It was also found that the excipients in the commercial tablets did not interfere with the method. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6738 Comunicacion Toxicity acute study at limit-dose of N-Carboxymethylchitosan Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 24, no. 2 O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter e analisar a N-Carboximetilquitosana (N-CMQ) a partir da Quitosana comercial (QTS) quanto ao potencial de toxicidade aguda (via oral). A N-CMQ obtida apresentou características adequadas quanto ao grau de substituição (26%), possuindo vantagens em relação ao polímero de origem, como a solubilidade em água, viabilizando inúmeras aplicações farmacêuticas. Neste estudo foram empregados ratos fêmeas, realizando-se um ensaio limite, a partir do qual foi concluído que a N-CMQ pode ser classificado como "sem classificar" quando administrado em uma dose de 2 g/kg, via oral, em ratos.; The aim of this work was to analyze the possible oral acute toxicity of the N-carboxymethylchitosan (N-CMC) obtained from commercial chitosan. The N-CMC presented suitable characteristics (degree of substitution of 26%) and represent an alternative to pharmaceutical applications due to they aqueous solubility. In the present study were used females rats, in a limit dose assay and the product was classified into unclassified category when being administrated in one dose of 2 g/kg (p.o.) in rats. Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6738 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter e analisar a N-Carboximetilquitosana (N-CMQ) a partir da Quitosana comercial (QTS) quanto ao potencial de toxicidade aguda (via oral). A N-CMQ obtida apresentou características adequadas quanto ao grau de substituição (26%), possuindo vantagens em relação ao polímero de origem, como a solubilidade em água, viabilizando inúmeras aplicações farmacêuticas. Neste estudo foram empregados ratos fêmeas, realizando-se um ensaio limite, a partir do qual foi concluído que a N-CMQ pode ser classificado como "sem classificar" quando administrado em uma dose de 2 g/kg, via oral, em ratos. The aim of this work was to analyze the possible oral acute toxicity of the N-carboxymethylchitosan (N-CMC) obtained from commercial chitosan. The N-CMC presented suitable characteristics (degree of substitution of 26%) and represent an alternative to pharmaceutical applications due to they aqueous solubility. In the present study were used females rats, in a limit dose assay and the product was classified into unclassified category when being administrated in one dose of 2 g/kg (p.o.) in rats. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6737 Comunicacion Application of quantitative parameters in the study of Aloysia citrodora Palau (Verbenaceae) Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 24, no. 2 Aloysia citrodora Palau (Verbenaceae) es vulgarmente conocida como "cedrón", "hierba Luisa" y "poleo de Castilla". Las hojas se emplean en forma de infusión como digestivas, sedantes, carminativas y tónicas. El objetivo de este trabajo es estimar los índices de empalizada, de venación y de estomas como parámetro cuantitativo para el control de calidad, especialmente para hojas fragmentadas. El método empleado es una diafanización con hidrato de cloral y posterior tinción con safranina. Los resultados obtenidos fueron: índice de islote venoso: 24,5-33,75 islotes por mm2 ; índice de empalizada: 8,5-12,25 células del parénquima en empalizada por célula epidérmica e índice de estomas: 3,4-6,93%. Estas magnitudes constituyen una herramienta complementaria al estudio de las modificaciones epidérmicas presentes en esta especie; Aloysia citrodora Palau (Verbenaceae) is vulgarly well-known as "cedrón", "Luisa grass" and "penny royal of Castile". The leaves are used in the form of infusion as digestive, sedative, carminative and tonic. The objective of this work is to consider the palisade ratio, vein islet index and stomatal index to be used as quantitative parameters for the quality control, specially for fragmented leaves. The method consists of a clearing with chloral hydrate and later stain with safranin. The obtained results were: vein islet index: 24,5-33,75 islet by mm2; palisade ratio: 8,5-12,25 cells of palisade parenchyma by epidermal cell, and stomatal index: 3,4-6,93%. These magnitudes constitute a complementary tool to the study of the epidermal modifications in this species. Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6737 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z Aloysia citrodora Palau (Verbenaceae) es vulgarmente conocida como "cedrón", "hierba Luisa" y "poleo de Castilla". Las hojas se emplean en forma de infusión como digestivas, sedantes, carminativas y tónicas. El objetivo de este trabajo es estimar los índices de empalizada, de venación y de estomas como parámetro cuantitativo para el control de calidad, especialmente para hojas fragmentadas. El método empleado es una diafanización con hidrato de cloral y posterior tinción con safranina. Los resultados obtenidos fueron: índice de islote venoso: 24,5-33,75 islotes por mm2 ; índice de empalizada: 8,5-12,25 células del parénquima en empalizada por célula epidérmica e índice de estomas: 3,4-6,93%. Estas magnitudes constituyen una herramienta complementaria al estudio de las modificaciones epidérmicas presentes en esta especie Aloysia citrodora Palau (Verbenaceae) is vulgarly well-known as "cedrón", "Luisa grass" and "penny royal of Castile". The leaves are used in the form of infusion as digestive, sedative, carminative and tonic. The objective of this work is to consider the palisade ratio, vein islet index and stomatal index to be used as quantitative parameters for the quality control, specially for fragmented leaves. The method consists of a clearing with chloral hydrate and later stain with safranin. The obtained results were: vein islet index: 24,5-33,75 islet by mm2; palisade ratio: 8,5-12,25 cells of palisade parenchyma by epidermal cell, and stomatal index: 3,4-6,93%. These magnitudes constitute a complementary tool to the study of the epidermal modifications in this species. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6736 Articulo Synthesis and characterization of phosphated crosslinked chondroitin sulfate: potential ingredient for specific drug delivery Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 24, no. 2 Debido a su biodegradabilidad varios polímeros naturales, tales como los polisacáridos, han sido propuestos como excipientes adecuados para desarrollar sistemas de liberación controlada para la administración oral. El sulfato de condroitina (ChS), un mucopolisácarido altamente soluble en agua, fue reticulado con trimetafosfato de sodio (TMFS) para conseguir una reducción de su hidrosolubilidad. ChS fue tratado com TMFS en tres diferentes proporciones, en dispersión acuosa a pH 12 por 2 h a temperatura ambiente y en seguida secado. Los productos obtenidos fueron analizados por FTIR y DSC y comparados con los correspondientes análisis de ChS. Los resultados mostraron que (a) el TMFS efectivamente retícula al ChS y (b) los productos reticulados presentan una disminución de la absorción de agua, comparado con el polisacárido natural ChS. Estos resultados permiten concluir que el ChS modificado presenta buenas perspectivas para su uso en formulaciones farmacéuticas de liberación modificada.; Because of its biodegradability several natural polymers, such as polysaccharides, have been proposed as appropriate excipients for the development of controlled drug delivery systems for oral administration. Chondroitin sulfate (ChS), a highly water-soluble mucopolysaccharide, was crosslinked with trisodium trimetaphosphate (TMFS) in order to achieve a reduction of its hydro-solubility. ChS was treated with TMFS in three different proportions, in aqueous dispersion at pH 12 for 2 h at room temperature, and then dried. The products obtained were analysed by their Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectra and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves, which were compared with the analyses of a natural ChS control sample. The results showed that (a) TMFS has effective crosslinking action over ChS and (b) the crosslinked products have reduced water affinity, compared to the natural polysaccharide. These results lead to the conclusion that modified ChS presents good perspectives for its use on modified release pharmaceutical formulations. Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6736 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z Debido a su biodegradabilidad varios polímeros naturales, tales como los polisacáridos, han sido propuestos como excipientes adecuados para desarrollar sistemas de liberación controlada para la administración oral. El sulfato de condroitina (ChS), un mucopolisácarido altamente soluble en agua, fue reticulado con trimetafosfato de sodio (TMFS) para conseguir una reducción de su hidrosolubilidad. ChS fue tratado com TMFS en tres diferentes proporciones, en dispersión acuosa a pH 12 por 2 h a temperatura ambiente y en seguida secado. Los productos obtenidos fueron analizados por FTIR y DSC y comparados con los correspondientes análisis de ChS. Los resultados mostraron que (a) el TMFS efectivamente retícula al ChS y (b) los productos reticulados presentan una disminución de la absorción de agua, comparado con el polisacárido natural ChS. Estos resultados permiten concluir que el ChS modificado presenta buenas perspectivas para su uso en formulaciones farmacéuticas de liberación modificada. Because of its biodegradability several natural polymers, such as polysaccharides, have been proposed as appropriate excipients for the development of controlled drug delivery systems for oral administration. Chondroitin sulfate (ChS), a highly water-soluble mucopolysaccharide, was crosslinked with trisodium trimetaphosphate (TMFS) in order to achieve a reduction of its hydro-solubility. ChS was treated with TMFS in three different proportions, in aqueous dispersion at pH 12 for 2 h at room temperature, and then dried. The products obtained were analysed by their Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectra and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves, which were compared with the analyses of a natural ChS control sample. The results showed that (a) TMFS has effective crosslinking action over ChS and (b) the crosslinked products have reduced water affinity, compared to the natural polysaccharide. These results lead to the conclusion that modified ChS presents good perspectives for its use on modified release pharmaceutical formulations. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6735 Articulo Contribuition to the pharmacognostic study of mutamba (Guazuma ulmifolia - Sterculiaceae) Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 24, no. 2 Guazuma ulmifolia Lam., Sterculiaceae, conhecida popularmente como mutamba, possui ampla distribuição geográfica, existindo desde o México até o sul do Brasil. O interesse pelas suas propriedades químicas deveu-se principalmente pela sua aplicação no tratamento capilar. Esta propriedade pode ser atribuída aos taninos, os quais apresentam atividade farmacológica, antiinflamatória, antiulcerogênica, antimicrobiana, ação de proteção capilar e prevenção na formação de radicais livres. Na análise microscópica das cascas e das folhas foram detectados: grandes canais secretores entre as células do parênquima e tricomas tectores estrelados sobre a epiderme, respectivamente. Um dos objetivos do estudo anatômico das cascas de G. ulmifolia foi detectar tecidos em que havia acúmulo de polifenóis. Como resultado, dois tecidos mostraram-se ricos em idioblastos contendo esta substância: a região floemática e a periderme. A análise química preliminar realizada com as cascas da mutamba mostrou positividade para os grupos químicos flavonóides, taninos, saponinas e mucilagens.; Guazuma ulmifolia Lam., Sterculiaceae, popularly known as mutamba, has a wide geographical distribution, ranging from Mexico to Southern Brazil. The interest in its chemical properties is due to its popular use for hair loss treatment. This activity can be attributed to tannins that have many pharmacological activities such anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-microbial, anti-viral, capillary protective action and radical scavenging properties. In the microscopic analysis of barks and leaves, large secretor ducts could be detected among the parenchyma cells, as well as star shaped trichoms on the epidermis. One of the aims of the anatomical study was to detect tissues with polyphenolic compounds. The results indicated two tissues rich in these compounds: the phloematic region and the periderm. Chemical analyses were carried out on the bark and showed the presence of the following chemical groups: flavonoids, tannins, saponins and mucilages. Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6735 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z Guazuma ulmifolia Lam., Sterculiaceae, conhecida popularmente como mutamba, possui ampla distribuição geográfica, existindo desde o México até o sul do Brasil. O interesse pelas suas propriedades químicas deveu-se principalmente pela sua aplicação no tratamento capilar. Esta propriedade pode ser atribuída aos taninos, os quais apresentam atividade farmacológica, antiinflamatória, antiulcerogênica, antimicrobiana, ação de proteção capilar e prevenção na formação de radicais livres. Na análise microscópica das cascas e das folhas foram detectados: grandes canais secretores entre as células do parênquima e tricomas tectores estrelados sobre a epiderme, respectivamente. Um dos objetivos do estudo anatômico das cascas de G. ulmifolia foi detectar tecidos em que havia acúmulo de polifenóis. Como resultado, dois tecidos mostraram-se ricos em idioblastos contendo esta substância: a região floemática e a periderme. A análise química preliminar realizada com as cascas da mutamba mostrou positividade para os grupos químicos flavonóides, taninos, saponinas e mucilagens. Guazuma ulmifolia Lam., Sterculiaceae, popularly known as mutamba, has a wide geographical distribution, ranging from Mexico to Southern Brazil. The interest in its chemical properties is due to its popular use for hair loss treatment. This activity can be attributed to tannins that have many pharmacological activities such anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-microbial, anti-viral, capillary protective action and radical scavenging properties. In the microscopic analysis of barks and leaves, large secretor ducts could be detected among the parenchyma cells, as well as star shaped trichoms on the epidermis. One of the aims of the anatomical study was to detect tissues with polyphenolic compounds. The results indicated two tissues rich in these compounds: the phloematic region and the periderm. Chemical analyses were carried out on the bark and showed the presence of the following chemical groups: flavonoids, tannins, saponins and mucilages. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6734 Articulo Application of the Extended Hildebrand Solubility Approach to the solubility study of Acetaminophen in ethanol-propylene glycol solvent mixtures Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 24. no. 2 En este trabajo, el modelo extendido de solubilidad de Hildebrand, desarrollado por Martin et al., se ha aplicado al estudio de la solubilidad del acetaminofén en mezclas binarias etanol-propilenoglicol a 25.00 °C, utilizando un nuevo desarrollo experimental y de cálculo sencillos, para la estimación del volumen molar del soluto y de la fracción volumétrica del solvente en la solución saturada, encontrando una adecuada capacidad predictiva al utilizar un modelo polinómico regular de cuarto orden al relacionar el parámetro W con el parámetro de solubilidad de las mezclas solventes.; In this work the Extended Hildebrand Solubility Approach developed by Martin et al., has been applied to evaluate the solubility of acetaminophen in ethanolpropylene glycol cosolvent mixtures at 25.00 °C. A novel and relatively simple experimental and calculating method has been used here in order to estimate the molar volume of the solute and the volumetric fraction of solvent in the saturated solution. A good predictive capacity was found using a regular polinomial model in order four when the W parameter was related to solubility parameters of the solvent mixtures. Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6734 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z En este trabajo, el modelo extendido de solubilidad de Hildebrand, desarrollado por Martin et al., se ha aplicado al estudio de la solubilidad del acetaminofén en mezclas binarias etanol-propilenoglicol a 25.00 °C, utilizando un nuevo desarrollo experimental y de cálculo sencillos, para la estimación del volumen molar del soluto y de la fracción volumétrica del solvente en la solución saturada, encontrando una adecuada capacidad predictiva al utilizar un modelo polinómico regular de cuarto orden al relacionar el parámetro W con el parámetro de solubilidad de las mezclas solventes. In this work the Extended Hildebrand Solubility Approach developed by Martin et al., has been applied to evaluate the solubility of acetaminophen in ethanolpropylene glycol cosolvent mixtures at 25.00 °C. A novel and relatively simple experimental and calculating method has been used here in order to estimate the molar volume of the solute and the volumetric fraction of solvent in the saturated solution. A good predictive capacity was found using a regular polinomial model in order four when the W parameter was related to solubility parameters of the solvent mixtures. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6733 Articulo Histomorphological and phytochemical analysis of Verbena litoralis Kunth Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 24, no. 2 Foram determinados o perfil fitoquímico e parâmetros morfo-anatômicos de Verbena litoralis Kunth, planta reconhecida popularmente como medicinal, objetivando sua diagnose como insumo farmacêutico. O mesofilo bifacial, a disposição do esclerênquima, os tricomas glandulares e tectores, assim como a ausência de drusas e cristais de oxalato de cálcio são características significativas no controle botânico de qualidade desta espécie para a indústria farmacêutica. Como resultado da análise fitoquímica destaca- se a presença de flavonóides, cumarinas, saponinas, taninos e cardioativos.; Phytochemical profile and morpho-anatomical parameters were determined for Verbena litoralis Kunth, plant popularly recognized as medicinal, aiming its diagnosis as a pharmaceutical drug. Isofacial mesophyl, arrangement of sclerenchyma, glandular and non-glandular trichomes, as well as absence of calcium oxalate crystals and druses are significative characteristics to this species botanic quality control for pharmaceutical industries. From phytochemical analysis it can be remarked the presence of flavonoids, cumarins, tannins and cardiotonic compounds. Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6733 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z Foram determinados o perfil fitoquímico e parâmetros morfo-anatômicos de Verbena litoralis Kunth, planta reconhecida popularmente como medicinal, objetivando sua diagnose como insumo farmacêutico. O mesofilo bifacial, a disposição do esclerênquima, os tricomas glandulares e tectores, assim como a ausência de drusas e cristais de oxalato de cálcio são características significativas no controle botânico de qualidade desta espécie para a indústria farmacêutica. Como resultado da análise fitoquímica destaca- se a presença de flavonóides, cumarinas, saponinas, taninos e cardioativos. Phytochemical profile and morpho-anatomical parameters were determined for Verbena litoralis Kunth, plant popularly recognized as medicinal, aiming its diagnosis as a pharmaceutical drug. Isofacial mesophyl, arrangement of sclerenchyma, glandular and non-glandular trichomes, as well as absence of calcium oxalate crystals and druses are significative characteristics to this species botanic quality control for pharmaceutical industries. From phytochemical analysis it can be remarked the presence of flavonoids, cumarins, tannins and cardiotonic compounds. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6732 Articulo Stability of Araujiain, a novel plant protease, in different organic systems Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 24, no. 2 Con el objeto de seleccionar los medios más adecuados para la síntesis enzimática de péptidos, estudiamos el efecto de diferentes solventes orgánicos sobre la estabilidad de araujiaina (la preparación enzimática no purificada obtenida del látex de frutos de Araujia hortorum Fourn., Asclepiadaceae) en mezclas de buffer y diferentes solventes orgánicos miscibles o inmiscibles con el agua y en sistemas continuos (solventes orgánicos con baja actividad de agua), luego de 4 h a 40 °C. Araujiaina mostró la mayor estabilidad en hexano (50%), propanona (50%) y en N,N-dimetilformamida (aw: 0,5 en la enzima), siendo aquellos valores marcadamente más elevados que en buffer. Además, la presencia de aquellos solventes orgánicos redujo el grado de autólisis. En general, en sistemas miscibles araujiaina no fue inactivada, mostrando actividades más altas que en buffer. En sistemas bifásicos, la partición de los solventes orgánicos en la fase acuosa produjo en numerosos casos una considerable activación de la enzima. Por el contrario, la mayoría de los sistemas continuos inactivaron la enzima. Sin embargo, en N,N-dimetilformamida (aw: 0,5 en la enzima) araujiaina fue estable luego de 4 h y más activa que en medio acuoso. De los resultados aquí presentados hay evidencias de que araujiaina no sufrió desdoblamiento en presencia de la mayoría de los sistemas orgánicos estudiados y fue capaz de retener su conformación nativa o semejante a la nativa pero con características o propiedades alteradas. Este hecho fue demostrado por medio de estudios comparativos de espectroscopía FTIR para araujiaina en buffer y en sistemas no acuosos.; The effect of different organic solvents on the stability of araujiain (the crude enzyme preparation obtained from the latex of fruits of Araujia hortorum Fourn., Asclepiadaceae) in mixtures of buffer and different water-miscible or immiscible organic solvents, and in continuous systems (organic solvents with low water activity) after 4 h at 40 ºC was studied in this paper in order to select the most adequate media for peptide enzymatic synthesis. Araujiain showed the highest stability in 50% hexane, 50% propanone, and N,N-dimethylformamide (aw: 0.5 in the enzyme), and those values were remarkably greater than in buffer. In addition, the presence of those organic solvents reduced the autolysis degree. In general, araujiain was not inactivated in aqueous-miscible organic systems and the enzyme showed higher activities in those media than in buffer. In biphasic systems, the partition of the organic solvents into the aqueous phase activated the enzyme in several cases. These results did not agree with those obtained in continuous systems, because many of them inactivated the enzyme. Nevertheless, in N,N-dimethylformamide (aw: 0.5 in the enzyme) araujiain showed a remarkable stability after 4 h, and it displayed a higher activity in this organic solvent than in aqueous medium. From these results, it is evident that araujiain in the presence of most of the studied organic systems did not suffer unfolding and it was able to retain its native or native-like configuration, though with altered characteristics or properties. This fact was demonstrated by means of comparative FTIR spectroscopy studies for araujiain in buffer and non-aqueous systems. Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6732 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z Con el objeto de seleccionar los medios más adecuados para la síntesis enzimática de péptidos, estudiamos el efecto de diferentes solventes orgánicos sobre la estabilidad de araujiaina (la preparación enzimática no purificada obtenida del látex de frutos de Araujia hortorum Fourn., Asclepiadaceae) en mezclas de buffer y diferentes solventes orgánicos miscibles o inmiscibles con el agua y en sistemas continuos (solventes orgánicos con baja actividad de agua), luego de 4 h a 40 °C. Araujiaina mostró la mayor estabilidad en hexano (50%), propanona (50%) y en N,N-dimetilformamida (aw: 0,5 en la enzima), siendo aquellos valores marcadamente más elevados que en buffer. Además, la presencia de aquellos solventes orgánicos redujo el grado de autólisis. En general, en sistemas miscibles araujiaina no fue inactivada, mostrando actividades más altas que en buffer. En sistemas bifásicos, la partición de los solventes orgánicos en la fase acuosa produjo en numerosos casos una considerable activación de la enzima. Por el contrario, la mayoría de los sistemas continuos inactivaron la enzima. Sin embargo, en N,N-dimetilformamida (aw: 0,5 en la enzima) araujiaina fue estable luego de 4 h y más activa que en medio acuoso. De los resultados aquí presentados hay evidencias de que araujiaina no sufrió desdoblamiento en presencia de la mayoría de los sistemas orgánicos estudiados y fue capaz de retener su conformación nativa o semejante a la nativa pero con características o propiedades alteradas. Este hecho fue demostrado por medio de estudios comparativos de espectroscopía FTIR para araujiaina en buffer y en sistemas no acuosos. The effect of different organic solvents on the stability of araujiain (the crude enzyme preparation obtained from the latex of fruits of Araujia hortorum Fourn., Asclepiadaceae) in mixtures of buffer and different water-miscible or immiscible organic solvents, and in continuous systems (organic solvents with low water activity) after 4 h at 40 ºC was studied in this paper in order to select the most adequate media for peptide enzymatic synthesis. Araujiain showed the highest stability in 50% hexane, 50% propanone, and N,N-dimethylformamide (aw: 0.5 in the enzyme), and those values were remarkably greater than in buffer. In addition, the presence of those organic solvents reduced the autolysis degree. In general, araujiain was not inactivated in aqueous-miscible organic systems and the enzyme showed higher activities in those media than in buffer. In biphasic systems, the partition of the organic solvents into the aqueous phase activated the enzyme in several cases. These results did not agree with those obtained in continuous systems, because many of them inactivated the enzyme. Nevertheless, in N,N-dimethylformamide (aw: 0.5 in the enzyme) araujiain showed a remarkable stability after 4 h, and it displayed a higher activity in this organic solvent than in aqueous medium. From these results, it is evident that araujiain in the presence of most of the studied organic systems did not suffer unfolding and it was able to retain its native or native-like configuration, though with altered characteristics or properties. This fact was demonstrated by means of comparative FTIR spectroscopy studies for araujiain in buffer and non-aqueous systems. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6731 Articulo Contribution to characterization of oxidative stress in diabetic patients with macroangiopatic complications Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 24, no. 2 El propósito del presente trabajo fue el estudio del comportamiento de un grupo de indicadores redox en pacientes diabéticos con complicaciones macroangiopáticas y su comparación con los valores de sujetos sanos. Se tomaron muestras de sangre de 101 pacientes y 60 voluntarios sanos y los indicadores del balance redox fueron analizados mediante técnicas espectrofotométricas. Todos los biomarcadores del estado antioxidantes/por-oxidantes y las concentraciones de óxido nítrico (NO) fueron significativamente diferentes (p < 0,05) en los pacientes diabéticos cuando se compararon con los sujetos sanos. Se produjo un incremento en los indicadores de daño a biomoléculas (p.ej. el valor del malondialdehido fue de (8,91 ± 0,64 comparado con 1,80 ± 0,07 µM en los controles), una reducción significativa (p < 0,05) de los valores de antioxidantes solubles (glutatión 2,83 ± 0,30 vs. 3,32 ± 0,62 µM en los controles) y una reducción de las concentraciones de NO en los pacientes diabéticos (51,28 ± 8,58 vs. 67,82 ± 22,44 µM en los controles). La enzimas antioxidantes se activaron en estos pacientes y se observó una disrupción en el equilibrio entre el balance catalasa/superóxido dismutasa (2.16 ± 0.10) con relación al valor alcanzado por los controles (0.11 ± 0.20). Adicionalmente, el indicador global de susceptibilidad a la peroxidación lipídica se incrementó en un 82% en los pacientes diabéticos con respecto al grupo de referencia. Los indicadores evaluados pudieran extrapolarse a los ensayos clínicos de rutina indicados a este tipo de pacientes para contribuir a una visión integral del balance oxidantes / antioxidantes y a la evaluación de la eficacia de diferentes terapias.; The aim of this study was to investigate the status of an extensive array of redox indices in diabetic patients with macroangiopatic complications compared to healthy subjects. Blood samples from 101 diabetic patients with macroangiopatic complications and 60 healthy subjects were tested by spectrophotometric techniques in order to measure oxidative stress indices. All measured biomarkers of antioxidant-prooxidant balance and nitric oxide (NO) were significantly (p<0.05) modified in diabetic patients compared to normal subjects. An increase of biomolecule damage markers was noted (e.g. malondiadehyde 8.91 ± 0.64 compared to 1.80 ± 0.07 µM in normal subjects). A significantly (p<0.05) reduction of the soluble antioxidant gluthathion (2.83 ± 0.30 vs. 3.32 ± 0.62 mM in control group) and NO levels (51.28 ± 8.58 vs. 67.82 ± 22.44 µM in control group) were also observed in diabetic patients. Antioxidant enzymes were activated in these patients with a disruption of the catalase/superoxide dismutase balance (2.16 ± 0.10) compared to normal subjects (0.11 ± 0.20). In addition, the global indicator susceptibility to lipid peroxidation was increased by 82% in diabetics compared to the control group. The evaluated indicators could be extrapolated to routine clinical analysis and contribute to an integral overview of the oxidant / antioxidant balance in diabetic patients and could also be used as indices of treatment efficacy. Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6731 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z El propósito del presente trabajo fue el estudio del comportamiento de un grupo de indicadores redox en pacientes diabéticos con complicaciones macroangiopáticas y su comparación con los valores de sujetos sanos. Se tomaron muestras de sangre de 101 pacientes y 60 voluntarios sanos y los indicadores del balance redox fueron analizados mediante técnicas espectrofotométricas. Todos los biomarcadores del estado antioxidantes/por-oxidantes y las concentraciones de óxido nítrico (NO) fueron significativamente diferentes (p < 0,05) en los pacientes diabéticos cuando se compararon con los sujetos sanos. Se produjo un incremento en los indicadores de daño a biomoléculas (p.ej. el valor del malondialdehido fue de (8,91 ± 0,64 comparado con 1,80 ± 0,07 µM en los controles), una reducción significativa (p < 0,05) de los valores de antioxidantes solubles (glutatión 2,83 ± 0,30 vs. 3,32 ± 0,62 µM en los controles) y una reducción de las concentraciones de NO en los pacientes diabéticos (51,28 ± 8,58 vs. 67,82 ± 22,44 µM en los controles). La enzimas antioxidantes se activaron en estos pacientes y se observó una disrupción en el equilibrio entre el balance catalasa/superóxido dismutasa (2.16 ± 0.10) con relación al valor alcanzado por los controles (0.11 ± 0.20). Adicionalmente, el indicador global de susceptibilidad a la peroxidación lipídica se incrementó en un 82% en los pacientes diabéticos con respecto al grupo de referencia. Los indicadores evaluados pudieran extrapolarse a los ensayos clínicos de rutina indicados a este tipo de pacientes para contribuir a una visión integral del balance oxidantes / antioxidantes y a la evaluación de la eficacia de diferentes terapias. The aim of this study was to investigate the status of an extensive array of redox indices in diabetic patients with macroangiopatic complications compared to healthy subjects. Blood samples from 101 diabetic patients with macroangiopatic complications and 60 healthy subjects were tested by spectrophotometric techniques in order to measure oxidative stress indices. All measured biomarkers of antioxidant-prooxidant balance and nitric oxide (NO) were significantly (p<0.05) modified in diabetic patients compared to normal subjects. An increase of biomolecule damage markers was noted (e.g. malondiadehyde 8.91 ± 0.64 compared to 1.80 ± 0.07 µM in normal subjects). A significantly (p<0.05) reduction of the soluble antioxidant gluthathion (2.83 ± 0.30 vs. 3.32 ± 0.62 mM in control group) and NO levels (51.28 ± 8.58 vs. 67.82 ± 22.44 µM in control group) were also observed in diabetic patients. Antioxidant enzymes were activated in these patients with a disruption of the catalase/superoxide dismutase balance (2.16 ± 0.10) compared to normal subjects (0.11 ± 0.20). In addition, the global indicator susceptibility to lipid peroxidation was increased by 82% in diabetics compared to the control group. The evaluated indicators could be extrapolated to routine clinical analysis and contribute to an integral overview of the oxidant / antioxidant balance in diabetic patients and could also be used as indices of treatment efficacy. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6730 Articulo Herbal remedies in Argentinian central-western region, V. Clematis montevidensis var. montevidensis, drug characterization Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 24, no. 2 Clematis montevidensis Spreng. var. montevidensis (Ranunculaceae) es una liana denominada vulgarmente "barba de viejo", "cabello de ángel", "bejuco" o "loconte", empleada en medicina popular por sus propiedades rubefacientes hasta vesicantes en la región centro-oeste de la Argentina, donde está ampliamente distribuida. Ensayos recientes han demostrado que la droga ejerce fuerte acción irritante y moderada acción diurética. Para definir adecuadamente sus caracteres y contribuir al efectivo control de calidad de la droga, son comunicados los resultados de su estudio morfológico, anatómico, micrográfico y fitoquímico.; The plant so-called "barba de viejo", "cabello de ángel", "bejuco" or "loconte" (Clematis montevidensis Spreng. var. montevidensis) is a vine widely distributed in Argentinian central-western region, where its aerial parts are used in folk medicine because their rubefacient to vesicant properties. Recent tests have demonstrated that the drug acts as a strong irritant as well as a moderate diuretic. There are reported their morphological, anatomical, micrographical and phytochemical characters, with the aim to give an adequate definition of the drug as well as contribute to their effective quality control. Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6730 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z Clematis montevidensis Spreng. var. montevidensis (Ranunculaceae) es una liana denominada vulgarmente "barba de viejo", "cabello de ángel", "bejuco" o "loconte", empleada en medicina popular por sus propiedades rubefacientes hasta vesicantes en la región centro-oeste de la Argentina, donde está ampliamente distribuida. Ensayos recientes han demostrado que la droga ejerce fuerte acción irritante y moderada acción diurética. Para definir adecuadamente sus caracteres y contribuir al efectivo control de calidad de la droga, son comunicados los resultados de su estudio morfológico, anatómico, micrográfico y fitoquímico. The plant so-called "barba de viejo", "cabello de ángel", "bejuco" or "loconte" (Clematis montevidensis Spreng. var. montevidensis) is a vine widely distributed in Argentinian central-western region, where its aerial parts are used in folk medicine because their rubefacient to vesicant properties. Recent tests have demonstrated that the drug acts as a strong irritant as well as a moderate diuretic. There are reported their morphological, anatomical, micrographical and phytochemical characters, with the aim to give an adequate definition of the drug as well as contribute to their effective quality control.