http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/140 Sat, 17 Oct 2026 14:47:18 GMT 2026-10-17T14:47:18Z http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6814 Revision Pharmacological action, biophysical-chemistry and dynamical structure of vitamin C Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 1 Conocida como ácido ascórbico, la Vitamina C es una vitamina que interviene en múltiples procesos, tales como: formación de hormonas, neurotransmisores, carnitina, conversión del colesterol en ácidos biliares, incremento en la absorción de hierro, además de su fundamental intervención en la síntesis del colágeno. Debido a que es un poderoso agente antioxidante, está asociada en la prevención de enfermedades degenerativas como las cataratas, algunos tipos de cáncer y enfermedades cardiovasculares. Es además esencial en la reacción del sistema inmunológico. A pesar de ser una molécula estructuralmente muy conocida es poco lo que se sabe de su dinámica y relación estructura-función. En este trabajo se realiza una minuciosa revisión que trata de aclarar los límites de los efectos beneficiosos y perjudiciales de dosis moderadas o altas de vitamina C y se presenta una síntesis de sus propiedades biofisicoquímicas y de la dinámica de su estructura en solución acuosa a la luz de resultados de simulación mediante dinámica molecular.; Vitamin C, known as ascorbic acid, is a vitamin that participates in multiple processes, such as: hormones formation, neurotransmitters, carnitine, conversion of cholesterol into biliary acids, increase of the iron absorption, besides its fundamental intervention in the collagen synthesis. Since it is a powerful antioxidant it is associated in degenerative diseases prevention, such as cataracts, different cancer types and cardiovascular diseases. It plays an important role in the reaction of immune system. Although vitamin C is a structurally well known molecule, it is little knowledge about its dynamics and structure-function relationship. In this work it is done a thorough review that tries to clarify the limits of profitable effects and risks of moderate and high dose vitamin C. It is also shown a synthesis of its biophysics-chemical properties and the dynamics of its structure in aqueous solution using results of molecular dynamics simulation. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6814 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Conocida como ácido ascórbico, la Vitamina C es una vitamina que interviene en múltiples procesos, tales como: formación de hormonas, neurotransmisores, carnitina, conversión del colesterol en ácidos biliares, incremento en la absorción de hierro, además de su fundamental intervención en la síntesis del colágeno. Debido a que es un poderoso agente antioxidante, está asociada en la prevención de enfermedades degenerativas como las cataratas, algunos tipos de cáncer y enfermedades cardiovasculares. Es además esencial en la reacción del sistema inmunológico. A pesar de ser una molécula estructuralmente muy conocida es poco lo que se sabe de su dinámica y relación estructura-función. En este trabajo se realiza una minuciosa revisión que trata de aclarar los límites de los efectos beneficiosos y perjudiciales de dosis moderadas o altas de vitamina C y se presenta una síntesis de sus propiedades biofisicoquímicas y de la dinámica de su estructura en solución acuosa a la luz de resultados de simulación mediante dinámica molecular. Vitamin C, known as ascorbic acid, is a vitamin that participates in multiple processes, such as: hormones formation, neurotransmitters, carnitine, conversion of cholesterol into biliary acids, increase of the iron absorption, besides its fundamental intervention in the collagen synthesis. Since it is a powerful antioxidant it is associated in degenerative diseases prevention, such as cataracts, different cancer types and cardiovascular diseases. It plays an important role in the reaction of immune system. Although vitamin C is a structurally well known molecule, it is little knowledge about its dynamics and structure-function relationship. In this work it is done a thorough review that tries to clarify the limits of profitable effects and risks of moderate and high dose vitamin C. It is also shown a synthesis of its biophysics-chemical properties and the dynamics of its structure in aqueous solution using results of molecular dynamics simulation. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6813 Articulo Detection of mutagenicity in N-Nitroso compounds with the Ames test Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 1 Hay una gran cantidad de sustancias, naturales o sintéticas, con posible capacidad mutagénica. Entre ellas se cuentan los compuestos N-nitroso, los que pueden formarse por reacción de nitritos con compuestos nitrogenados, como aminas o amidas en medio ácido. Esta reacción de nitrosación puede darse también dentro del organismo con productos nitrogenados de la dieta, incluso antibióticos. El test de Ames es un método sencillo y eficaz de detección de este tipo de mutágenos, ya sea como compuestos puros o formando parte de mezclas complejas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar una somera revisión acerca de la detección de mutagenicidad de compuestos N-nitroso mediante el test de Ames.; There are a lot of natural or synthetic products with possible mutagenic capacity. Among these, N-nitroso compounds, that are formed by nitrosation reactions between nitrite and amines or amides in acidic medium, can also be formed into the organism. The Ames test is an efficient tool for detecting these mutagenic compounds, as pure ones or as part of mixtures. In this paper we try to do a brief review about the detection of mutagenicity of N-nitrosocompounds by mean of the Ames test. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6813 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Hay una gran cantidad de sustancias, naturales o sintéticas, con posible capacidad mutagénica. Entre ellas se cuentan los compuestos N-nitroso, los que pueden formarse por reacción de nitritos con compuestos nitrogenados, como aminas o amidas en medio ácido. Esta reacción de nitrosación puede darse también dentro del organismo con productos nitrogenados de la dieta, incluso antibióticos. El test de Ames es un método sencillo y eficaz de detección de este tipo de mutágenos, ya sea como compuestos puros o formando parte de mezclas complejas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar una somera revisión acerca de la detección de mutagenicidad de compuestos N-nitroso mediante el test de Ames. There are a lot of natural or synthetic products with possible mutagenic capacity. Among these, N-nitroso compounds, that are formed by nitrosation reactions between nitrite and amines or amides in acidic medium, can also be formed into the organism. The Ames test is an efficient tool for detecting these mutagenic compounds, as pure ones or as part of mixtures. In this paper we try to do a brief review about the detection of mutagenicity of N-nitrosocompounds by mean of the Ames test. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6812 Articulo Development and validation of pictograms for the medicines correct use: a pilot-study description Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 1 O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver pictogramas com informações sobre utilização de medicamentos, utilizando as técnicas de grupos focais e entrevistas individuais. Foram desenvolvidos 12 pictogramas e pré-selecionados 6, submetidos a um teste de legibilidade realizado através de 73 entrevistas. Posteriormente aplicou-se os pictogramas, durante uma semana, no processo de dispensação em uma farmácia comunitária. Dos 6 pictogramas selecionados, 4 foram considerados legíveis (> que 67 % de compreensão). Durante a dispensação, constatou-se dificuldades na compreensão de apenas 1 dos pictogramas não legíveis, demonstrando que a informação repassada aos pacientes foi melhor compreendida quando o pictograma foi acompanhado de comunicação oral.; The aim of the present work was to develop pictograms with information on medicine use, using the techniques of focal groups and individual interviews. 12 pictograms have been developed and preselected 6, submitted to a test of legibility carried out along 73 interviews. Then pictograms were applied during one week, in the dispensing process in a communitary pharmacy. From the 6 selected pictograms, only 4 of them were considered legible (> that 67 % of understanding). During the dispensing process, difficulties in the understanding was evidenced in only one of the not legible pictograms, demonstrating that the information repassed to the patients was better understood when the pictograms was followed by verbal communication. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6812 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver pictogramas com informações sobre utilização de medicamentos, utilizando as técnicas de grupos focais e entrevistas individuais. Foram desenvolvidos 12 pictogramas e pré-selecionados 6, submetidos a um teste de legibilidade realizado através de 73 entrevistas. Posteriormente aplicou-se os pictogramas, durante uma semana, no processo de dispensação em uma farmácia comunitária. Dos 6 pictogramas selecionados, 4 foram considerados legíveis (> que 67 % de compreensão). Durante a dispensação, constatou-se dificuldades na compreensão de apenas 1 dos pictogramas não legíveis, demonstrando que a informação repassada aos pacientes foi melhor compreendida quando o pictograma foi acompanhado de comunicação oral. The aim of the present work was to develop pictograms with information on medicine use, using the techniques of focal groups and individual interviews. 12 pictograms have been developed and preselected 6, submitted to a test of legibility carried out along 73 interviews. Then pictograms were applied during one week, in the dispensing process in a communitary pharmacy. From the 6 selected pictograms, only 4 of them were considered legible (> that 67 % of understanding). During the dispensing process, difficulties in the understanding was evidenced in only one of the not legible pictograms, demonstrating that the information repassed to the patients was better understood when the pictograms was followed by verbal communication. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6811 Articulo Review of questionnaires to assess health related quality of life in HIV patients Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 1 Mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes es un principio central de la atención farmacéutica. Una de las formas de mostrar los logros es mediante la evaluación del funcionamiento físico, mental y social de los pacientes, aplicando cuestionarios que midan calidad de vida relacionada a la salud (HRQL). Este estudio fue enfocado en pacientes VIH/ SIDA en particular. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión de los cuestionarios validados hasta la fecha, que permitan evaluar HRQL en pacientes VIH/SIDA, a los fines de identificar los más apropiados para su aplicación en investigación y en atención farmacéutica en nuestro medio. Para ello se realizó una revisión exhaustiva de los cuestionarios, generales y específicos, comparando dimensiones, estructura (items, escala de respuesta), modalidad de aplicación y traducción al idioma español. Se identificaron nueve cuestionarios generales y once específicos, cuyas características se tabularon para su comparación. Consideramos más adecuados al cuestionario SF-36 entre los generales y el MOS-HIV entre los específicos.; One of the principles of pharmaceutical care is to improve quality of life of the patients. The assessment of the physical, mental and social functioning of the patients, by questionnaires that determine health related quality of life (HRQL), allows to show the achievements. This particular study is focused on HIV patients. The objective of this manuscript is the review of the validated questionnaires, up to date, that assess HRQL in HIV patients, in order to identify those more appropriate to be applied in research and in pharmaceutical care in our region. It was made an exhaustive review of general and specific questionnaires, comparing dimensions, structure (items and response scale), mode of administration and translation into Spanish. Nine general questionnaires and eleven specific questionnaires were identified, their characteristics were tabulated. We consider the more appropriate the SF-36, between the generals, and the MOS-HIV between the specific instruments. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6811 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes es un principio central de la atención farmacéutica. Una de las formas de mostrar los logros es mediante la evaluación del funcionamiento físico, mental y social de los pacientes, aplicando cuestionarios que midan calidad de vida relacionada a la salud (HRQL). Este estudio fue enfocado en pacientes VIH/ SIDA en particular. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión de los cuestionarios validados hasta la fecha, que permitan evaluar HRQL en pacientes VIH/SIDA, a los fines de identificar los más apropiados para su aplicación en investigación y en atención farmacéutica en nuestro medio. Para ello se realizó una revisión exhaustiva de los cuestionarios, generales y específicos, comparando dimensiones, estructura (items, escala de respuesta), modalidad de aplicación y traducción al idioma español. Se identificaron nueve cuestionarios generales y once específicos, cuyas características se tabularon para su comparación. Consideramos más adecuados al cuestionario SF-36 entre los generales y el MOS-HIV entre los específicos. One of the principles of pharmaceutical care is to improve quality of life of the patients. The assessment of the physical, mental and social functioning of the patients, by questionnaires that determine health related quality of life (HRQL), allows to show the achievements. This particular study is focused on HIV patients. The objective of this manuscript is the review of the validated questionnaires, up to date, that assess HRQL in HIV patients, in order to identify those more appropriate to be applied in research and in pharmaceutical care in our region. It was made an exhaustive review of general and specific questionnaires, comparing dimensions, structure (items and response scale), mode of administration and translation into Spanish. Nine general questionnaires and eleven specific questionnaires were identified, their characteristics were tabulated. We consider the more appropriate the SF-36, between the generals, and the MOS-HIV between the specific instruments. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6810 Articulo Desarrollo y validación de método por HPLC para la cuantificación y estudios de disolución de Valdecoxib Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 1 En el presente trabajo se desarrolló y validó un método por cromatografía líquida de alta eficacia (CLAE) para los estudios de disolución y la estimación cuantitativa de valdecoxib en tabletas y en el ingrediente farmacéutico activo. En la técnica de CLAE se utilizó una columna cromatográfica Synergi® fusión de fase reversa RP-18 (150 x 4,6 mm) de 4 µm a 30 ºC. La fase móvil estuvo compuesta por agua de pH 7,0-acetonitrile (52:48, v/v), velocidad de flujo fue de 1,0 mL/min y se utilizó un detector ultravioleta con longitud de onda fijada a 210 nm. En la validación del método analítico se determinaron los siguientes parámetros de validación: linealidad (r2 =0.9999), curva de calibración, precisión, exactitud, robustez y especificidad; el método rindió buenos resultados con un límite de cuantificación de 50 ng/mL y un límite de detección de 10 ng/mL. El perfil de disolución se realizó en agua conteniendo 0,5% de lauril sulfato de sodio como medio de disolución a 75 rpm. El método desarrollado se empleó con éxito para el análisis de las tabletas, del ingrediente farmacéutico activo y para los estudios de disolución.; An isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure was developed for the dissolution rate studies and quantitative determination of valdecoxib in solid dosage forms and in active pharmaceutical ingredient. HPLC separation was carried out by reversed phase chromatography on a Synergi® fusion C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm i.d.; 4 µm particle size), held at 30 ºC. The mobile phase consisted of water, pH 7.0/acetonitrile (52:48, v/v), run at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and with UV detection at 210 nm. Method validation investigated parameters such as the linearity (r2 =0.9999), range, precision, accuracy, robustness and specificity. The method yielded good results with a quantitation limit of 50 ng/mL and a detection limit of 10 ng/mL. The dissolution test conditions and the dissolution medium was chosen as 0.5% of sodium lauryl sulfate in water at a stirring rate of 75 rpm. The described method can be successfully applied for the analysis of tablets, active pharmaceutical ingredient and drug dissolution studies. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6810 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z En el presente trabajo se desarrolló y validó un método por cromatografía líquida de alta eficacia (CLAE) para los estudios de disolución y la estimación cuantitativa de valdecoxib en tabletas y en el ingrediente farmacéutico activo. En la técnica de CLAE se utilizó una columna cromatográfica Synergi® fusión de fase reversa RP-18 (150 x 4,6 mm) de 4 µm a 30 ºC. La fase móvil estuvo compuesta por agua de pH 7,0-acetonitrile (52:48, v/v), velocidad de flujo fue de 1,0 mL/min y se utilizó un detector ultravioleta con longitud de onda fijada a 210 nm. En la validación del método analítico se determinaron los siguientes parámetros de validación: linealidad (r2 =0.9999), curva de calibración, precisión, exactitud, robustez y especificidad; el método rindió buenos resultados con un límite de cuantificación de 50 ng/mL y un límite de detección de 10 ng/mL. El perfil de disolución se realizó en agua conteniendo 0,5% de lauril sulfato de sodio como medio de disolución a 75 rpm. El método desarrollado se empleó con éxito para el análisis de las tabletas, del ingrediente farmacéutico activo y para los estudios de disolución. An isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure was developed for the dissolution rate studies and quantitative determination of valdecoxib in solid dosage forms and in active pharmaceutical ingredient. HPLC separation was carried out by reversed phase chromatography on a Synergi® fusion C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm i.d.; 4 µm particle size), held at 30 ºC. The mobile phase consisted of water, pH 7.0/acetonitrile (52:48, v/v), run at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and with UV detection at 210 nm. Method validation investigated parameters such as the linearity (r2 =0.9999), range, precision, accuracy, robustness and specificity. The method yielded good results with a quantitation limit of 50 ng/mL and a detection limit of 10 ng/mL. The dissolution test conditions and the dissolution medium was chosen as 0.5% of sodium lauryl sulfate in water at a stirring rate of 75 rpm. The described method can be successfully applied for the analysis of tablets, active pharmaceutical ingredient and drug dissolution studies. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6809 Articulo Microbiological method for the determination of Amoxicillin potency in oral suspensions Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 1 O presente trabalho utiliza o método microbiológico de cilindros em placas para o doseamento da amoxicilina em suspensões orais. Usou-se, como microrganismo-teste, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 em meio de cultura Ágar Mueller-Hinton. Soluções de amoxicilina com 10, 15, 20, 30, 50 e 100 µg/mL foram empregadas para a curva de calibração. Cilindros foram preenchidos com 50 µL dessas soluções. Os diâmetros dos halos (n=2) foram de 21,5; 23,75; 25,5; 27; 31 e 33,75 milímetros (mm) com coeficientes de variação (CV) de 3,29; 1,49; 2,77; 0; 0 e 1,05%, respectivamente. Analisaram-se três suspensões comerciais de amoxicilina (referência, similar e genérico) com potência declarada de 250 mg/5mL. Soluções de 20 µg/mL, preparadas com as suspensões, apresentaram halos de inibição com médias (n=5) de 25,33; 25,33 e 25,17 mm. As concentrações determinadas foram de 251,6; 251,6 e 244,74 mg/5mL, o que corresponde a 100,6; 100,6 e 97,74% da potência declarada, com CV de 2,28; 2,28 e 1,15%, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que as amostras analisadas estavam dentro dos limites preconizados pela Farmacopéia Brasileira (90 a 120% da potência declarada). A partir dos resultados obtidos, observou-se que o método microbiológico de cilindros em placas é adequado e válido para o doseamento da potência da amoxicilina em suspensões orais.; The present work reports a microbiological assay, applying the cylinder-plate method, for the determination of amoxicillin in oral suspension. Stains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 were used as a test microorganism in Mueller-Hinton Agar. Amoxicillin solutions of 10, 15, 20, 30, 50 and 100 µg/mL were used for the calibration curve. The cylinders were fulfilled with 50 µL of these solutions. The halo diameters (n=2) were 21.5; 23.75; 25.5; 27; 31 and 33.75 mm and the coefficients of variation (CV) were 3.29; 1.49; 2.77; 0; 0 and 1.05%, respectively. Three commercial amoxicillin suspensions (reference, similar and generic) with declared potency of 250 mg/5mL were studied through the method above. Solutions of 20 µg/mL were then prepared and showed inhibition halos media (n=5) of 25.33; 25.33 and 25.17 mm. The concentrations were 251.6; 251.6 and 244.74 mg/5mL which correspond to 100.6; 100.6 and 97.74% of the declared potency, with CV of 2.28; 2.28 and 1.15%, respectively. It was concluded that the commercial samples used in this assay were situated on the limits indicated by the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia (90 to 120% of the declared potency). The results pointed that the microbiological assay, applying the cylinder-plate method, can be used for the determination of amoxicillin potency in oral suspensions. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6809 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z O presente trabalho utiliza o método microbiológico de cilindros em placas para o doseamento da amoxicilina em suspensões orais. Usou-se, como microrganismo-teste, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 em meio de cultura Ágar Mueller-Hinton. Soluções de amoxicilina com 10, 15, 20, 30, 50 e 100 µg/mL foram empregadas para a curva de calibração. Cilindros foram preenchidos com 50 µL dessas soluções. Os diâmetros dos halos (n=2) foram de 21,5; 23,75; 25,5; 27; 31 e 33,75 milímetros (mm) com coeficientes de variação (CV) de 3,29; 1,49; 2,77; 0; 0 e 1,05%, respectivamente. Analisaram-se três suspensões comerciais de amoxicilina (referência, similar e genérico) com potência declarada de 250 mg/5mL. Soluções de 20 µg/mL, preparadas com as suspensões, apresentaram halos de inibição com médias (n=5) de 25,33; 25,33 e 25,17 mm. As concentrações determinadas foram de 251,6; 251,6 e 244,74 mg/5mL, o que corresponde a 100,6; 100,6 e 97,74% da potência declarada, com CV de 2,28; 2,28 e 1,15%, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que as amostras analisadas estavam dentro dos limites preconizados pela Farmacopéia Brasileira (90 a 120% da potência declarada). A partir dos resultados obtidos, observou-se que o método microbiológico de cilindros em placas é adequado e válido para o doseamento da potência da amoxicilina em suspensões orais. The present work reports a microbiological assay, applying the cylinder-plate method, for the determination of amoxicillin in oral suspension. Stains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 were used as a test microorganism in Mueller-Hinton Agar. Amoxicillin solutions of 10, 15, 20, 30, 50 and 100 µg/mL were used for the calibration curve. The cylinders were fulfilled with 50 µL of these solutions. The halo diameters (n=2) were 21.5; 23.75; 25.5; 27; 31 and 33.75 mm and the coefficients of variation (CV) were 3.29; 1.49; 2.77; 0; 0 and 1.05%, respectively. Three commercial amoxicillin suspensions (reference, similar and generic) with declared potency of 250 mg/5mL were studied through the method above. Solutions of 20 µg/mL were then prepared and showed inhibition halos media (n=5) of 25.33; 25.33 and 25.17 mm. The concentrations were 251.6; 251.6 and 244.74 mg/5mL which correspond to 100.6; 100.6 and 97.74% of the declared potency, with CV of 2.28; 2.28 and 1.15%, respectively. It was concluded that the commercial samples used in this assay were situated on the limits indicated by the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia (90 to 120% of the declared potency). The results pointed that the microbiological assay, applying the cylinder-plate method, can be used for the determination of amoxicillin potency in oral suspensions. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6808 Comunicacion Acute effects of hexanic fractions of Allium sativum, Cymbopongon citratus and their associations on arterial blood pressure of anesthetized rats Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 1 Este trabalho objetivou verificar os efeitos anti-hipertensivos da aplicação intravenosa aguda das frações hexânicas do Allium sativum e do Cymbopogon citratus, bem como verificar se as respostas eram incrementadas pela associação das duas plantas. Foram usados ratos adultos machos, n=7. Os ratos foram anestesiados, traqueostomizados e realizada canulação da jugular e carótida. As doses injetadas foram de 1 mg, separadamente e em associação (1 mg + 1 mg), no volume de 0,2 ml. A pressão arterial média (PAM) foi registrada por meio de um sistema Biopac, modelo MP100. O Allim sativum e o Cymbopogon citratus diminuíram significativamente a PAM somente aos 15 s em relação ao controle. A associação das duas plantas também diminuiu a PAM aos 15 s, mas esta resposta não foi diferente daquela obtida pelas duas plantas separadamente.; The aim of this paper was to verify the anti-hypertensive effects of the acute intravenous applications of the hexanic fractions of Allium sativum and Cymbopogon citratus, as well as to know if the association of these two plants increase the answer. Adults males rats, n=7, were used. The rats were anesthetized, they were made tracheotomy and cannulation of both jugular and carotid. The injected doses were 1 mg separately, and in association of both (1 mg + 1 mg), in volume of 0,2 ml. The mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was recorded with a Biopac System, model MP100. Allium sativum and Cymbopogon citratus decreased MAP only at 15 s from the control. The association of the two plants also decreased MAP at 15s, but this answer wasn't different from that obtained with two plants separately. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6808 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Este trabalho objetivou verificar os efeitos anti-hipertensivos da aplicação intravenosa aguda das frações hexânicas do Allium sativum e do Cymbopogon citratus, bem como verificar se as respostas eram incrementadas pela associação das duas plantas. Foram usados ratos adultos machos, n=7. Os ratos foram anestesiados, traqueostomizados e realizada canulação da jugular e carótida. As doses injetadas foram de 1 mg, separadamente e em associação (1 mg + 1 mg), no volume de 0,2 ml. A pressão arterial média (PAM) foi registrada por meio de um sistema Biopac, modelo MP100. O Allim sativum e o Cymbopogon citratus diminuíram significativamente a PAM somente aos 15 s em relação ao controle. A associação das duas plantas também diminuiu a PAM aos 15 s, mas esta resposta não foi diferente daquela obtida pelas duas plantas separadamente. The aim of this paper was to verify the anti-hypertensive effects of the acute intravenous applications of the hexanic fractions of Allium sativum and Cymbopogon citratus, as well as to know if the association of these two plants increase the answer. Adults males rats, n=7, were used. The rats were anesthetized, they were made tracheotomy and cannulation of both jugular and carotid. The injected doses were 1 mg separately, and in association of both (1 mg + 1 mg), in volume of 0,2 ml. The mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was recorded with a Biopac System, model MP100. Allium sativum and Cymbopogon citratus decreased MAP only at 15 s from the control. The association of the two plants also decreased MAP at 15s, but this answer wasn't different from that obtained with two plants separately. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6807 Comunicacion Compression force and humidity in the dissolution profile of hidroclorotyazide Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 1 O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da força de compressão e da umidade no perfil de dissolução de uma formulação de comprimidos. Por apresentar problemas reais de biodisponibilidade a hidroclorotiazida, utilizada como fármaco padrão foi incorporada em uma formulação de comprimidos para estudar a resistência mecânica, tempo de desintegração e perfil de dissolução em função da umidade e da força de compactação. O tempo de desintegração não altera com a força de compressão, mas é influenciado pela umidade. O perfil de dissolução foi alterado tanto pela força de compressão como pela umidade. Ambos os fatores podem alterar a biodisponibilidade de fármacos veiculados na forma de comprimidos.; The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of compression force and humidity in the dissolution profile of tablets formulation. As hidroclorotyiazide presents real problems of bioavailability, it was incorporate as standard drug in a formulation of tablets to study the mechanical resistance, time of disintegration and dissolution profile in function of humidity and compression force. The time of disintegration was not affected by the compression force, but it was influenced by humidity. The dissolution profile was altered by the compression force and for the humidity as well. Both factors can alter the bioavailability of drugs dispensed in the form of tablets. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6807 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da força de compressão e da umidade no perfil de dissolução de uma formulação de comprimidos. Por apresentar problemas reais de biodisponibilidade a hidroclorotiazida, utilizada como fármaco padrão foi incorporada em uma formulação de comprimidos para estudar a resistência mecânica, tempo de desintegração e perfil de dissolução em função da umidade e da força de compactação. O tempo de desintegração não altera com a força de compressão, mas é influenciado pela umidade. O perfil de dissolução foi alterado tanto pela força de compressão como pela umidade. Ambos os fatores podem alterar a biodisponibilidade de fármacos veiculados na forma de comprimidos. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of compression force and humidity in the dissolution profile of tablets formulation. As hidroclorotyiazide presents real problems of bioavailability, it was incorporate as standard drug in a formulation of tablets to study the mechanical resistance, time of disintegration and dissolution profile in function of humidity and compression force. The time of disintegration was not affected by the compression force, but it was influenced by humidity. The dissolution profile was altered by the compression force and for the humidity as well. Both factors can alter the bioavailability of drugs dispensed in the form of tablets. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6806 Comunicacion Similarity and interchangeability of Cephalexin formulations Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 1 Se ha realizado un estudio de similitud de comprimidos de cefalexina 500 mg sobre cuatro marcas comerciales argentinas, con respecto a una formulación de referencia. El análisis se basó en la evaluación de los perfiles de disolución de dichas especialidades, según los requerimientos de FDA y EMEA, aceptados por ANMAT. Los resultados obtenidos permiten evaluar la similitud entre los productos y facilita la intercambiabilidad de los mismos en el acto de dispensación.; A study of 500 mg cephalexin tablet similarity on four marks available in Argentina, with regard to a reference formulation, has been made. The analysis was based on the evaluation of the dissolution profiles of such pharmaceutical forms, according to FDA and EMEA requirements, adopted by ANMAT. The obtained results reveal the similarity between such products and make possible their interchangeability during the dispensing practice. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6806 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Se ha realizado un estudio de similitud de comprimidos de cefalexina 500 mg sobre cuatro marcas comerciales argentinas, con respecto a una formulación de referencia. El análisis se basó en la evaluación de los perfiles de disolución de dichas especialidades, según los requerimientos de FDA y EMEA, aceptados por ANMAT. Los resultados obtenidos permiten evaluar la similitud entre los productos y facilita la intercambiabilidad de los mismos en el acto de dispensación. A study of 500 mg cephalexin tablet similarity on four marks available in Argentina, with regard to a reference formulation, has been made. The analysis was based on the evaluation of the dissolution profiles of such pharmaceutical forms, according to FDA and EMEA requirements, adopted by ANMAT. The obtained results reveal the similarity between such products and make possible their interchangeability during the dispensing practice. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6805 Comunicacion Shelf-life: microbiology of the yerba-mate chimarrão Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 1 A vida-de-prateleira da erva-mate chimarrão depende do processamento industrial e tipo de embalagem. Uma alteração que a erva-mate sofre durante a estocagem é o crescimento microbiano em função da absorção de umidade. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a contagem microbiológica e a determinação de umidade e atividade de água, durante um período de 180 dias. Os resultados obtidos para as determinações microbiológicas ficaram abaixo do limites máximos estabelecidos por legislação vigente. O valor médio de umidade foi de 3,63%; atividade de água foi 0,306. Nesse trabalho foi evidenciado a importante função da embalagem na conservação de alimentos desidratados.; The shelf-life of the yerba-mate chimarrão depends on the industrial processing and packing type. The alteration that the yerba-mate suffers during the stockpiling is the microbial growth in function of the humidity absorption. The present work had as objective the counting microbiology and the humidity determination and activity of water, during a period of 180 days. The results obtained for the determinations microbiology were below you limit maximum established by effective legislation. The medium value of humidity was of 3.63%; activity of water was 0.306. In that work the important function of the packing was evidenced in the conservation of dehydrated foods. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6805 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z A vida-de-prateleira da erva-mate chimarrão depende do processamento industrial e tipo de embalagem. Uma alteração que a erva-mate sofre durante a estocagem é o crescimento microbiano em função da absorção de umidade. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a contagem microbiológica e a determinação de umidade e atividade de água, durante um período de 180 dias. Os resultados obtidos para as determinações microbiológicas ficaram abaixo do limites máximos estabelecidos por legislação vigente. O valor médio de umidade foi de 3,63%; atividade de água foi 0,306. Nesse trabalho foi evidenciado a importante função da embalagem na conservação de alimentos desidratados. The shelf-life of the yerba-mate chimarrão depends on the industrial processing and packing type. The alteration that the yerba-mate suffers during the stockpiling is the microbial growth in function of the humidity absorption. The present work had as objective the counting microbiology and the humidity determination and activity of water, during a period of 180 days. The results obtained for the determinations microbiology were below you limit maximum established by effective legislation. The medium value of humidity was of 3.63%; activity of water was 0.306. In that work the important function of the packing was evidenced in the conservation of dehydrated foods. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6804 Articulo Microbiological analysis of medicinal plants and their contamination by toxigenic aspergillus species Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 1 Se determinó la carga microbiológica de Hierbas Medicinales que se expenden en la ciudad de Santa Fe, los microorganismos viables fueron caracterizados fenotípicamente y se identificaron las especies de Aspergillus. Malva, Poleo, Ruda, Estigma de Maíz, Boldo, Manzanilla y Menta fueron obtenidas, al azar, de diferentes farmacias. Los recuentos microbiológicos, en superficie, para las bacterias mesófilas totales oscilaron entre 2x103 y 5,3x106 UFC/g de muestra y para hongos, los valores mínimos y máximos fueron 0 y 1,5x106 UFC/g. Se identificaron siete especies diferentes de Aspergillus y una de Eurotium. Existió gran variabilidad en la carga microbiana y tipo de microorganismos presentes; los hongos hallados, por su potencial capacidad toxicogénica, podrían representar un peligro para la salud, aún con recuentos dentro de los límites permitidos.; Microbiological load of medicinal plants expended in Santa Fe city (Argentina) was determined, viable microorganisms were phenotypically characterized and Aspergillus species were identified. Mallow, poleo, ruda, corn stigma, boldo, chamomile and mint were randomly obtained from different pharmacies. Microbiological surface counts were carried out. Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria results were between 2x103 and 5.3x106 CFU/g of sample, and for fungi, minimum and maximum values were 0 and 1.5x106 CFU/g, respectively. Seven different Aspergillus species and one Eurotium specie were identified. Great variability in microbial load and microorganisms, were detected; potential toxicogenic Aspergillus species identified could represent a high risk for human health, even when their concentration are under allowed limits. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6804 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Se determinó la carga microbiológica de Hierbas Medicinales que se expenden en la ciudad de Santa Fe, los microorganismos viables fueron caracterizados fenotípicamente y se identificaron las especies de Aspergillus. Malva, Poleo, Ruda, Estigma de Maíz, Boldo, Manzanilla y Menta fueron obtenidas, al azar, de diferentes farmacias. Los recuentos microbiológicos, en superficie, para las bacterias mesófilas totales oscilaron entre 2x103 y 5,3x106 UFC/g de muestra y para hongos, los valores mínimos y máximos fueron 0 y 1,5x106 UFC/g. Se identificaron siete especies diferentes de Aspergillus y una de Eurotium. Existió gran variabilidad en la carga microbiana y tipo de microorganismos presentes; los hongos hallados, por su potencial capacidad toxicogénica, podrían representar un peligro para la salud, aún con recuentos dentro de los límites permitidos. Microbiological load of medicinal plants expended in Santa Fe city (Argentina) was determined, viable microorganisms were phenotypically characterized and Aspergillus species were identified. Mallow, poleo, ruda, corn stigma, boldo, chamomile and mint were randomly obtained from different pharmacies. Microbiological surface counts were carried out. Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria results were between 2x103 and 5.3x106 CFU/g of sample, and for fungi, minimum and maximum values were 0 and 1.5x106 CFU/g, respectively. Seven different Aspergillus species and one Eurotium specie were identified. Great variability in microbial load and microorganisms, were detected; potential toxicogenic Aspergillus species identified could represent a high risk for human health, even when their concentration are under allowed limits. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6803 Articulo Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25. no. 1 Se evaluó la actividad antifúngica in-vitro de extractos acuosos de Berberis heterophylla como así también la actividad antifúngica in vitro e in vivo de berberina aislada de Berberis heterophylla. Además, se determinó la toxicidad aguda en peces y en estadíos larvarios de Bufo arenarum. Berberina presentó una moderada pero significativa actividad antifúngica frente a dermatofitos. La actividad antifúngica in vivo/ in vitro de este compuesto, combinada con su baja toxicidad en comparación con los compuestos de referencia, indica el potencial de este alcaloide para ser estudiado más profundamente como una novedosa clase de agente antifúngico.; The in-vitro antifungal activity of aqueous extracts of Berberis heterophylla was evaluated, as well as the in vitro/in vivo antifungal activity of berberine isolated from Berberis heterophylla. In addition acute toxicity on fish and toxicity of berberine to embryo-larval stages of Bufo arenarum were tested. Berberine displayed a moderate but significant antifungal activity against dermatophytes fungi. Thus, the in vivo/ in vitro antifungal activity of this compound, combined with their lower toxic effect in comparison with the reference compounds, indicate that the potential of this alkaloid as a novel class of antifungal agent should be investigated more fully. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6803 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Se evaluó la actividad antifúngica in-vitro de extractos acuosos de Berberis heterophylla como así también la actividad antifúngica in vitro e in vivo de berberina aislada de Berberis heterophylla. Además, se determinó la toxicidad aguda en peces y en estadíos larvarios de Bufo arenarum. Berberina presentó una moderada pero significativa actividad antifúngica frente a dermatofitos. La actividad antifúngica in vivo/ in vitro de este compuesto, combinada con su baja toxicidad en comparación con los compuestos de referencia, indica el potencial de este alcaloide para ser estudiado más profundamente como una novedosa clase de agente antifúngico. The in-vitro antifungal activity of aqueous extracts of Berberis heterophylla was evaluated, as well as the in vitro/in vivo antifungal activity of berberine isolated from Berberis heterophylla. In addition acute toxicity on fish and toxicity of berberine to embryo-larval stages of Bufo arenarum were tested. Berberine displayed a moderate but significant antifungal activity against dermatophytes fungi. Thus, the in vivo/ in vitro antifungal activity of this compound, combined with their lower toxic effect in comparison with the reference compounds, indicate that the potential of this alkaloid as a novel class of antifungal agent should be investigated more fully. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6802 Articulo In vitro evaluation of dissolution profiles and thermal properties of some commercial formulations of nevirapine tablets Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 1 Este informe describe los resultados de un estudio in vitro en el que fueron evaluados comprimidos de nevirapina (200 mg) de diferentes laboratorios brasileros. El producto roiginal fue la refencia, en comparación con cinco productos similares (A, B, C, D y E). Inicialmente se investigó la estabilidad y el comportamiento térmico de la nevirapina (NVP) y varios excipientes utilizando técnicas termoanalíticas. Estos estudios han sido llevados a cabo para determinar la incomptibilidad potencial entre el compuesto activo y los otros ingredietnes de la formulación. Los comprimidos comerciales fueron analizado siguiendo un protocolo común basado en metodologías farmacopeicas. Se realizaron los ensayos farmacotécnicos usuales (uniformidad de peso, desintegración, friabilidad, dureza), así como la disolución del ingrediente activo. La calorimetría diferencial de barrido (DSC) de NVP mostró una aguda transición endotérmica a 244 ºC, correspondiente al punto de fusión de la droga. Un segundo evento corresponde a la descomposición del material en la reacción endotérmica en el pico de temperatura a 303ºC. La termogravimetría (TG) de la droga mostró que la descomposición térmica se produce en un solo paso (Δm = 99.8% ) en la temperatura a 298 °C de la termogravimetría diferencial (DTG). La comparación del perfil termoanalítico de mezclas 1:1 (p/p) de NVP con almidón, glicolato de sodio, celulosa microcristalina, lactosa y dióxido de silicona coloidal con los perfiles de los compuestos individuales no mostró ninguna evidencia de interacciones. En el caso de PVP, la mezcla droga-polímero demostrá un ensanchamiento del pico endotérmico NVP junto con un corrimiento hacia una temperatura más baja. La mayoría de los productos ensayadoa cumplieron con los requerimientos farmacopeicos en relación a uniformidad de peso, desintegración, friabilidad, dureza y contenido. En relación al ensayo de disolución y a los perfiles termoanalíticos, los datos no mostraron variaciones significativas entre los distintos productos.; This report describes results of an in vitro study in which tablets containing nevirapine (200 mg) from different Brazilian manufactures were evaluated. The original product was the reference in comparison to five similar products (A, B, C, D and E). Initially, the stability and thermal behavior of nevirapine (NVP) and various excipients using thermoanalytical techniques were investigated. These studies have been carried out to find potential incompatibility between the active component and the other ingredients of the formulation. The commercial tablets were analyzed following a common protocol based on the pharmacopeial methodologies. Pharmacotechnic tests (uniformity of weight, disintegration, friability, hardness) and dissolution of active ingredient were performed. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve of pure NVP showed a sharp endothermic transition at 244 °C corresponding to the melting point of the drug. A second event corresponds to the decomposition of the material in endothermic reaction in peak temperature at 303 °C. Thermogravimetry (TG) curve of drug showed the thermal decomposition in one step Δm = 99.8% in the temperature of derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) peak at 298 °C. Comparison of the thermoanalytical profile of the 1:1 (w/w) physical mixtures of NVP with starch glycolate sodium, microcrystalline cellulose, lactose and colloidal silicon dioxide and the individual compounds profiles did not give any evidence of interactions. In case of PVP, the drug-polymer physical mixture demonstrated a broadening of the NVP endothermic peak together with a shift to a lower temperature. Most products tested fulfilled the pharmacopeial requeriments concerning uniformity of weight, disintergration, friability, hardness and content. In relation to dissolution test and the thermoanalytical profiles, the data not showed significant variations among the products. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6802 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Este informe describe los resultados de un estudio in vitro en el que fueron evaluados comprimidos de nevirapina (200 mg) de diferentes laboratorios brasileros. El producto roiginal fue la refencia, en comparación con cinco productos similares (A, B, C, D y E). Inicialmente se investigó la estabilidad y el comportamiento térmico de la nevirapina (NVP) y varios excipientes utilizando técnicas termoanalíticas. Estos estudios han sido llevados a cabo para determinar la incomptibilidad potencial entre el compuesto activo y los otros ingredietnes de la formulación. Los comprimidos comerciales fueron analizado siguiendo un protocolo común basado en metodologías farmacopeicas. Se realizaron los ensayos farmacotécnicos usuales (uniformidad de peso, desintegración, friabilidad, dureza), así como la disolución del ingrediente activo. La calorimetría diferencial de barrido (DSC) de NVP mostró una aguda transición endotérmica a 244 ºC, correspondiente al punto de fusión de la droga. Un segundo evento corresponde a la descomposición del material en la reacción endotérmica en el pico de temperatura a 303ºC. La termogravimetría (TG) de la droga mostró que la descomposición térmica se produce en un solo paso (Δm = 99.8% ) en la temperatura a 298 °C de la termogravimetría diferencial (DTG). La comparación del perfil termoanalítico de mezclas 1:1 (p/p) de NVP con almidón, glicolato de sodio, celulosa microcristalina, lactosa y dióxido de silicona coloidal con los perfiles de los compuestos individuales no mostró ninguna evidencia de interacciones. En el caso de PVP, la mezcla droga-polímero demostrá un ensanchamiento del pico endotérmico NVP junto con un corrimiento hacia una temperatura más baja. La mayoría de los productos ensayadoa cumplieron con los requerimientos farmacopeicos en relación a uniformidad de peso, desintegración, friabilidad, dureza y contenido. En relación al ensayo de disolución y a los perfiles termoanalíticos, los datos no mostraron variaciones significativas entre los distintos productos. This report describes results of an in vitro study in which tablets containing nevirapine (200 mg) from different Brazilian manufactures were evaluated. The original product was the reference in comparison to five similar products (A, B, C, D and E). Initially, the stability and thermal behavior of nevirapine (NVP) and various excipients using thermoanalytical techniques were investigated. These studies have been carried out to find potential incompatibility between the active component and the other ingredients of the formulation. The commercial tablets were analyzed following a common protocol based on the pharmacopeial methodologies. Pharmacotechnic tests (uniformity of weight, disintegration, friability, hardness) and dissolution of active ingredient were performed. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve of pure NVP showed a sharp endothermic transition at 244 °C corresponding to the melting point of the drug. A second event corresponds to the decomposition of the material in endothermic reaction in peak temperature at 303 °C. Thermogravimetry (TG) curve of drug showed the thermal decomposition in one step Δm = 99.8% in the temperature of derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) peak at 298 °C. Comparison of the thermoanalytical profile of the 1:1 (w/w) physical mixtures of NVP with starch glycolate sodium, microcrystalline cellulose, lactose and colloidal silicon dioxide and the individual compounds profiles did not give any evidence of interactions. In case of PVP, the drug-polymer physical mixture demonstrated a broadening of the NVP endothermic peak together with a shift to a lower temperature. Most products tested fulfilled the pharmacopeial requeriments concerning uniformity of weight, disintergration, friability, hardness and content. In relation to dissolution test and the thermoanalytical profiles, the data not showed significant variations among the products. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6801 Articulo Comportamiento espectroscópico y actividad tipo SOD del complejo de cobre(II) con ácido hipúrico Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 1 El complejo dimérico de cobre(II) del ácido hipúrico (Hhipp) de estequiometría [Cu₂(hipp)₄(H₂O)₄].2H₂O fue caracterizado detalladamente por espectroscopia de infrarrojo, Raman y electrónica. Los espectros pudieron ser interpretados en base a la información estructural conocida. La actividad tipo superóxido dismutasa del complejo fue investigada utilizando el ensayo de reducción del colorante nitroazul tetrazolio por superóxido y comparada con la obtenida para la enzima Cu₂Zn₂SOD nativa, ensayada bajo idénticas condiciones experimentales. Los resultados muestran una importante actividad superóxido dismutasa, sugiriendo que este tipo de complejos pueden ser muy interesantes en la búsqueda de nuevas drogas con actividad SOD.; The dimeric copper(II) complex of hippuric acid (Hhipp), of stoichiometry [Cu₂(hipp)₄(H₂O)₄].2H₂O has been thoroughly characterized by means of its infrared, Raman and electronic spectra, which could be interpreted on the basis of the known structural data. The superoxide dismutase-like activity of the complex was investigated using the nitrobluetetrazolium/superoxide reduction assay and compared with that obtained for the native Cu₂Zn₂SOD enzyme, tested under the same experimental conditions. The results show a very important SOD-like activity, suggesting that these type of complexes may be interesting for the future search of new SOD-mimetic drugs.; El complejo dimérico de cobre(II) del ácido hipúrico (Hhipp) de estequiometría [Cu₂(hipp)₄( (H₂O)₄].2H₂O fue caracterizado detalladamente por espectroscopia de infrarrojo, Raman y electrónica. Los espectros pudieron ser interpretados en base a la información estructural conocida. La actividad tipo superóxido dismutasa del complejo fue investigada utilizando el ensayo de reducción del colorante nitroazul tetrazolio por superóxido y comparada con la obtenida para la enzima Cu₂Zn₂SOD nativa, ensayada bajo idénticas condiciones experimentales. Los resultados muestran una importante actividad superóxido dismutasa, sugiriendo que este tipo de complejos pueden ser muy interesantes en la búsqueda de nuevas drogas con actividad SOD. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6801 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z El complejo dimérico de cobre(II) del ácido hipúrico (Hhipp) de estequiometría [Cu₂(hipp)₄(H₂O)₄].2H₂O fue caracterizado detalladamente por espectroscopia de infrarrojo, Raman y electrónica. Los espectros pudieron ser interpretados en base a la información estructural conocida. La actividad tipo superóxido dismutasa del complejo fue investigada utilizando el ensayo de reducción del colorante nitroazul tetrazolio por superóxido y comparada con la obtenida para la enzima Cu₂Zn₂SOD nativa, ensayada bajo idénticas condiciones experimentales. Los resultados muestran una importante actividad superóxido dismutasa, sugiriendo que este tipo de complejos pueden ser muy interesantes en la búsqueda de nuevas drogas con actividad SOD. The dimeric copper(II) complex of hippuric acid (Hhipp), of stoichiometry [Cu₂(hipp)₄(H₂O)₄].2H₂O has been thoroughly characterized by means of its infrared, Raman and electronic spectra, which could be interpreted on the basis of the known structural data. The superoxide dismutase-like activity of the complex was investigated using the nitrobluetetrazolium/superoxide reduction assay and compared with that obtained for the native Cu₂Zn₂SOD enzyme, tested under the same experimental conditions. The results show a very important SOD-like activity, suggesting that these type of complexes may be interesting for the future search of new SOD-mimetic drugs. El complejo dimérico de cobre(II) del ácido hipúrico (Hhipp) de estequiometría [Cu₂(hipp)₄( (H₂O)₄].2H₂O fue caracterizado detalladamente por espectroscopia de infrarrojo, Raman y electrónica. Los espectros pudieron ser interpretados en base a la información estructural conocida. La actividad tipo superóxido dismutasa del complejo fue investigada utilizando el ensayo de reducción del colorante nitroazul tetrazolio por superóxido y comparada con la obtenida para la enzima Cu₂Zn₂SOD nativa, ensayada bajo idénticas condiciones experimentales. Los resultados muestran una importante actividad superóxido dismutasa, sugiriendo que este tipo de complejos pueden ser muy interesantes en la búsqueda de nuevas drogas con actividad SOD. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6800 Articulo Evaluation of antitussive/expectorant effects of two phyoterapic formulations existent in the Brazilian market Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 1 Os modelos biológicos de determinação da velocidade de transporte mucociliar em codornas, secreção das vias aéreas em ratos e reflexo da tosse induzido no cobaio foram usados para avaliar os efeitos antitussígenos e expectorantes de duas formulações fitoterápicas. A primeira composta pelo extrato seco de hera (Hedera helix) (Abrilar®), e a segunda de extrato fluido de jucá (Caesalpinea ferrea), agrião (Nasturtium officinale), guaco (Mikania glomerata), cambará (Lantana camara), maracujá (Passiflora alata), erva silvina (Polipodium vaccinifolium) e óleo vermelho (Myrospermum erytroxilon) (Fimatosan Solução ®). Os fitoterápicos Abrilar® e Fimatosan Solução® reduziram significativamente o reflexo da tosse em cobaios quando comparados com o controle negativo. O fitoterápico Abrilar® aumentou a velocidade de transporte mucociliar em codornas significativamente nas medidas realizadas aos 80, 90, 100 e 110 min após o início da aferição. Nenhum dos dois fitoterápicos alterou a quantidade de secreção nas vias aéreas em ratos. Os resultados indicam que os dois fitoterápicos apresentam eficácia antitussígena e somente o Abrilar® mostrou eficácia expectorante devido ao aumento da velocidade de transporte mucociliar.; The antitussive-expectorant effects of two phytomedicines of brazilian market were evaluated using the mucociliary transport rate in quails, the airway secretion in rats and the cough reflex in guinea-pigs. The extract of Hedera helix (Abrilar®), and the fluid extract of Caesalpinea ferrea, Nasturtium officinale, Mikania glomerata), Lantana camara, Passiflora alata, Polipodium vaccinifolium and Myrospermum erytroxilon (Fimatosan Solução®) were evaluated. Abrilar® and Fimatosan Solução®, significantly reduced the cough reflex in guinea-pigs when compared with the negative control group. Abrilar® significantly increased mucociliary transport in quails on times 80, 90, 100 and 110 minutes. The rat airway secretion was not modified with the two phytomedicines. The results showed that both phytomedicines have antitussive efficacy. Abrilar® has adictionaly expectorant efficacy increasing mucociliary transport. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6800 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Os modelos biológicos de determinação da velocidade de transporte mucociliar em codornas, secreção das vias aéreas em ratos e reflexo da tosse induzido no cobaio foram usados para avaliar os efeitos antitussígenos e expectorantes de duas formulações fitoterápicas. A primeira composta pelo extrato seco de hera (Hedera helix) (Abrilar®), e a segunda de extrato fluido de jucá (Caesalpinea ferrea), agrião (Nasturtium officinale), guaco (Mikania glomerata), cambará (Lantana camara), maracujá (Passiflora alata), erva silvina (Polipodium vaccinifolium) e óleo vermelho (Myrospermum erytroxilon) (Fimatosan Solução ®). Os fitoterápicos Abrilar® e Fimatosan Solução® reduziram significativamente o reflexo da tosse em cobaios quando comparados com o controle negativo. O fitoterápico Abrilar® aumentou a velocidade de transporte mucociliar em codornas significativamente nas medidas realizadas aos 80, 90, 100 e 110 min após o início da aferição. Nenhum dos dois fitoterápicos alterou a quantidade de secreção nas vias aéreas em ratos. Os resultados indicam que os dois fitoterápicos apresentam eficácia antitussígena e somente o Abrilar® mostrou eficácia expectorante devido ao aumento da velocidade de transporte mucociliar. The antitussive-expectorant effects of two phytomedicines of brazilian market were evaluated using the mucociliary transport rate in quails, the airway secretion in rats and the cough reflex in guinea-pigs. The extract of Hedera helix (Abrilar®), and the fluid extract of Caesalpinea ferrea, Nasturtium officinale, Mikania glomerata), Lantana camara, Passiflora alata, Polipodium vaccinifolium and Myrospermum erytroxilon (Fimatosan Solução®) were evaluated. Abrilar® and Fimatosan Solução®, significantly reduced the cough reflex in guinea-pigs when compared with the negative control group. Abrilar® significantly increased mucociliary transport in quails on times 80, 90, 100 and 110 minutes. The rat airway secretion was not modified with the two phytomedicines. The results showed that both phytomedicines have antitussive efficacy. Abrilar® has adictionaly expectorant efficacy increasing mucociliary transport. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6799 Articulo Thermodynamic aspects of the aqueous solubility of some organic salts used in pharmacy Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 1 La formación de sales orgánicas como estrategia para aumentar la solubilidad de fármacos en el agua es ampliamente reconocida, sin embargo la información sobre la solubilidad de este tipo de compuestos en medios acuosos es muy escasa. Por esta razón, en el presente trabajo se presenta la solubilidad acuosa de tres sulfonamidas sódicas y dos anestésicos locales, a diferentes temperaturas. A partir de los valores de solubilidad se calcularon las correspondientes funciones termodinámicas aparentes de solución, energía libre, entalpía y entropía. Adicionalmente se calcularon los volúmenes molares aparentes en función de la concentración para los mismos fármacos.; The use of organic salts as a technique of solubilization of drugs is widely documented in literature. Nevertheless, the information about solubility data of these compounds is very scarce. For this reason, in the present work, the aqueous solubility at several temperatures of three sodium sulfonamides and two local anaesthetic compounds is presented. From solubility data, the respective apparent thermodynamic functions, free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of solution, were calculated. The apparent molar volumes were also calculated for these drugs. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6799 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z La formación de sales orgánicas como estrategia para aumentar la solubilidad de fármacos en el agua es ampliamente reconocida, sin embargo la información sobre la solubilidad de este tipo de compuestos en medios acuosos es muy escasa. Por esta razón, en el presente trabajo se presenta la solubilidad acuosa de tres sulfonamidas sódicas y dos anestésicos locales, a diferentes temperaturas. A partir de los valores de solubilidad se calcularon las correspondientes funciones termodinámicas aparentes de solución, energía libre, entalpía y entropía. Adicionalmente se calcularon los volúmenes molares aparentes en función de la concentración para los mismos fármacos. The use of organic salts as a technique of solubilization of drugs is widely documented in literature. Nevertheless, the information about solubility data of these compounds is very scarce. For this reason, in the present work, the aqueous solubility at several temperatures of three sodium sulfonamides and two local anaesthetic compounds is presented. From solubility data, the respective apparent thermodynamic functions, free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of solution, were calculated. The apparent molar volumes were also calculated for these drugs. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6798 Articulo Biological activities of extracts from aerial parts from Almeidea coerulea (Nees & Mart.) A.St.-Hil. and Conchocarpus gaudichaudianus subsp. bahiensis Kallunki (Rutaceae) Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 1 Extratos brutos obtidos com solventes orgânicos de polaridades crescentes, obtidos das partes aéreas de Almeidea coerulea e Conchocarpus gaudichaudianus subsp. bahiensis foram avaliadas a atividade moluscicida, determinda a concentração mínima inibitória (CMI) e a concentração mínima inibitória (CMI) antimicrobiana e antifúngica pelo método de bioautografia. Dos oito extratos testados o obtido em diclorometano das folhas Almeidea coerulea demonstraram atividade moluscicida frente ao caramujo Biomphalaria glabrata na concentração de 100 ppm. Os extratos com atividade antimicrobiana foram metanólico das folhas de Conchocarpus gaudichaudianus, extrato metanólico e hexânico dos caules de Almeidea coerulea sobre a bactéria Bacillus subtilis com CMI e CMB de 500 µg/ml, 250 µg/ml e 250 µg/ml respectivamente. Na bioautorafia frente ao fungo Aspergillus niger o extrato em dicolorometano do caule de Almeidea coerulea apresentou uma moderada inibição e das folhas apresentou uma inibição superior ao da nistatina; Extracts from aerial parts of Almeidea coerulea and Conchocarpus gaudichaudianus subsp. bahiensis, obtained with organic solvents of increasing polarities, were evaluated concerning the molluscicidal activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericide concentration (MBC) and antifungal activity were determined by using the bioautography method. From the eight extracts assessed, the dichloromethane extract from Almeidea coerulea leaves showed molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata at 100 ppm. The methanol extract from the Conchocarpus gaudichaudianus leaves, as well as the methanol and the hexane exracts from Almeidea coerulea stems exhibited antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with MIC and MBC of 500 µg/ml, 250 µg/ml and 250 µg/ml, respectively. The bioautography method showed that the dichloromethane extract from Almeidea coerulea stems has a strong activity against Aspergillus niger, with a inhibition degree superior to that exhibited by nistatin Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6798 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Extratos brutos obtidos com solventes orgânicos de polaridades crescentes, obtidos das partes aéreas de Almeidea coerulea e Conchocarpus gaudichaudianus subsp. bahiensis foram avaliadas a atividade moluscicida, determinda a concentração mínima inibitória (CMI) e a concentração mínima inibitória (CMI) antimicrobiana e antifúngica pelo método de bioautografia. Dos oito extratos testados o obtido em diclorometano das folhas Almeidea coerulea demonstraram atividade moluscicida frente ao caramujo Biomphalaria glabrata na concentração de 100 ppm. Os extratos com atividade antimicrobiana foram metanólico das folhas de Conchocarpus gaudichaudianus, extrato metanólico e hexânico dos caules de Almeidea coerulea sobre a bactéria Bacillus subtilis com CMI e CMB de 500 µg/ml, 250 µg/ml e 250 µg/ml respectivamente. Na bioautorafia frente ao fungo Aspergillus niger o extrato em dicolorometano do caule de Almeidea coerulea apresentou uma moderada inibição e das folhas apresentou uma inibição superior ao da nistatina Extracts from aerial parts of Almeidea coerulea and Conchocarpus gaudichaudianus subsp. bahiensis, obtained with organic solvents of increasing polarities, were evaluated concerning the molluscicidal activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericide concentration (MBC) and antifungal activity were determined by using the bioautography method. From the eight extracts assessed, the dichloromethane extract from Almeidea coerulea leaves showed molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata at 100 ppm. The methanol extract from the Conchocarpus gaudichaudianus leaves, as well as the methanol and the hexane exracts from Almeidea coerulea stems exhibited antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with MIC and MBC of 500 µg/ml, 250 µg/ml and 250 µg/ml, respectively. The bioautography method showed that the dichloromethane extract from Almeidea coerulea stems has a strong activity against Aspergillus niger, with a inhibition degree superior to that exhibited by nistatin http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6797 Articulo Morpho-anatomy of Pluchea sagittalis (Asteraceae), a native species of medicinal interest Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 1 Se estudió la morfoanatomía de hojas, tallos y flores de Pluchea sagittalis. Las hojas presentan: estomas anomocíticos; pelos eglandulares septado-flagelados, uniseriados; pelos glandulares con pie biseriado y cabeza bicelular. El mesofilo, dorsiventral, contiene glóbulos lipídicos conspicuos en sus células. El tallo presenta: estomas y pelos semejantes a los de la hoja; corteza con aerénquima y conductos esquizógenos; eustela con haces vasculares colaterales y médula parenquimática, maciza o hueca. Las flores, dispuestas en capítulos disciformes, también presentan pelos glandulares. Se destacan como caracteres diagnósticos la presencia de pelos eglandulares y glandulares, y de glóbulos lipídicos en el mesofilo.; Morpho- anatomical characteristics of leaves, stems and flowers of Pluchea sagittalis have been studied. Leaves present: anomocytic stomata; eglandulate septate-flagellate, uniseriate trichomes; glandular trichomes with biseriate foot and bicellular head. The mesophyll is dorsiventral and contains conspicuous lipidic globules in its cells. The stem presents: stomata and trichomes similar to those present in the leaves; cortex with aerenchyma and schizogenous ducts; eustele with collateral vascular bundles and parenchymatous or hollow pith. Flowers, arranged in disciform capitula, present glandular hairs. The main diagnostic characters are the eglandulate and glandulate trichomes, and the presence of lipidic globules in the mesophyll. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6797 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Se estudió la morfoanatomía de hojas, tallos y flores de Pluchea sagittalis. Las hojas presentan: estomas anomocíticos; pelos eglandulares septado-flagelados, uniseriados; pelos glandulares con pie biseriado y cabeza bicelular. El mesofilo, dorsiventral, contiene glóbulos lipídicos conspicuos en sus células. El tallo presenta: estomas y pelos semejantes a los de la hoja; corteza con aerénquima y conductos esquizógenos; eustela con haces vasculares colaterales y médula parenquimática, maciza o hueca. Las flores, dispuestas en capítulos disciformes, también presentan pelos glandulares. Se destacan como caracteres diagnósticos la presencia de pelos eglandulares y glandulares, y de glóbulos lipídicos en el mesofilo. Morpho- anatomical characteristics of leaves, stems and flowers of Pluchea sagittalis have been studied. Leaves present: anomocytic stomata; eglandulate septate-flagellate, uniseriate trichomes; glandular trichomes with biseriate foot and bicellular head. The mesophyll is dorsiventral and contains conspicuous lipidic globules in its cells. The stem presents: stomata and trichomes similar to those present in the leaves; cortex with aerenchyma and schizogenous ducts; eustele with collateral vascular bundles and parenchymatous or hollow pith. Flowers, arranged in disciform capitula, present glandular hairs. The main diagnostic characters are the eglandulate and glandulate trichomes, and the presence of lipidic globules in the mesophyll. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6796 Articulo Cleaning validation of multiproduct facility for liquid pharmaceutical forms: Zidovudine syrup xase Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 1 Neste trabalho apresenta-se uma estratégia para validação de limpeza de formas farmacêuticas líquidas. O produto escolhido para avaliação da estratégia foi a zidovudina, um medicamento antiretroviral apresentado na forma de xarope, produzido numa unidade multi-propósito pelo LAFEPE® (Recife - PE, Brasil). Como método analítico para quantificação dos resíduos, utilizou-se um método validado por via espectrofotométrica cujo limite de quantificação de zidovudina foi de 0,89 ppm. A validação de limpeza foi avaliada através da análise de águas de enxágüe. As concentrações residuais de zidovudina encontradas após a limpeza foram inferiores a 4,4 ppm, sendo que o critério de aceitação da limpeza utilizado foi de 5,7 ppm.; This work presents a strategy for cleaning validation of pharmaceutical liquid forms. The product chosen for evaluation was zidovudine syrup, an antiretroviral medicine produced in a multiproduct facility by LAFEPE® (Recife - PE, Brazil). The analytical method used for quantification of residues was spectrofotometry with quantification limit of zidovudine of 0.89 ppm. The cleaning validation was evaluated through the rinse sampling. The residuals concentrations of zidovudine were inferior to 4,4 ppm, while the acceptance criteria for cleaning validation was 5,7 ppm. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6796 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Neste trabalho apresenta-se uma estratégia para validação de limpeza de formas farmacêuticas líquidas. O produto escolhido para avaliação da estratégia foi a zidovudina, um medicamento antiretroviral apresentado na forma de xarope, produzido numa unidade multi-propósito pelo LAFEPE® (Recife - PE, Brasil). Como método analítico para quantificação dos resíduos, utilizou-se um método validado por via espectrofotométrica cujo limite de quantificação de zidovudina foi de 0,89 ppm. A validação de limpeza foi avaliada através da análise de águas de enxágüe. As concentrações residuais de zidovudina encontradas após a limpeza foram inferiores a 4,4 ppm, sendo que o critério de aceitação da limpeza utilizado foi de 5,7 ppm. This work presents a strategy for cleaning validation of pharmaceutical liquid forms. The product chosen for evaluation was zidovudine syrup, an antiretroviral medicine produced in a multiproduct facility by LAFEPE® (Recife - PE, Brazil). The analytical method used for quantification of residues was spectrofotometry with quantification limit of zidovudine of 0.89 ppm. The cleaning validation was evaluated through the rinse sampling. The residuals concentrations of zidovudine were inferior to 4,4 ppm, while the acceptance criteria for cleaning validation was 5,7 ppm. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6795 Articulo Leaf and stem anatomy of Forsteronia glabrescens, Apocynaceae Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 1 O gênero Forsteronia compreende cerca de 50 espécies nativas da América tropical. Cascas do caule de diferentes espécies são empregadas como febrífugo na medicina tradicional e o látex das partes aéreas tem sido investigado para fins industriais. Este estudo abordou aspectos anatômicos de folha e caule de Forsteronia glabrescens Müll. Arg., por meio de microtécnicas fotônicas e de varredura usuais, com o objetivo de fornecer informações complementares à identificação dessa liana sul-americana. A folha é anfiestomática, a epiderme mostra-se unisseriada e o mesofilo é dorsiventral. A nervura central tem secção plano-convexa e é percorrida por um feixe vascular bicolateral em arco aberto. Uma camada subepidérmica consistindo de células parenquimáticas é encontrada no limbo e na nervura central. O caule apresenta periderme e córtex reduzido, consistindo de camada subepidérmica de células parenquimáticas e bainha esclerenquimática. Uma faixa descontínua de fibras não lignificadas envolve o sistema vascular bicolateral. Idioblastos com substâncias fenólicas, prismas de oxalato de cálcio e laticíferos ramificados são encontrados na folha e no caule.; The genus Forsteronia comprises about 50 species indigenous to tropical America. Stem barks from different species are used as antipyretic in folk medicine and the latex from aerial parts has been investigated for industrial purposes. This study has dealt with anatomical aspects of leaf and stem of Forsteronia glabrescens Müll. Arg., by usual light and scanning microtechniques, aiming to supply with additional information for the identification of this South-American liana. The leaf is amphistomatic, the epidermis has one layer and the mesophyll is dorsiventral. The midrib presents plain-convex cross-section and is traversed by a bicollateral vascular bundle in open arc. A sub-epidermal layer consisting of parenchymatic cells is found in the blade and midrib. The stem shows periderm and reduced cortex, which comprehends a sub-epidermal layer of parenchymatic cells and a sclerenchymatic sheath. An incomplete and non-lignified fibre sheath encircles the bicollateral vascular system. Idioblasts with phenolic substances, calcium oxalate prisms and branched laticifers are encountered in the leaf and stem. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6795 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z O gênero Forsteronia compreende cerca de 50 espécies nativas da América tropical. Cascas do caule de diferentes espécies são empregadas como febrífugo na medicina tradicional e o látex das partes aéreas tem sido investigado para fins industriais. Este estudo abordou aspectos anatômicos de folha e caule de Forsteronia glabrescens Müll. Arg., por meio de microtécnicas fotônicas e de varredura usuais, com o objetivo de fornecer informações complementares à identificação dessa liana sul-americana. A folha é anfiestomática, a epiderme mostra-se unisseriada e o mesofilo é dorsiventral. A nervura central tem secção plano-convexa e é percorrida por um feixe vascular bicolateral em arco aberto. Uma camada subepidérmica consistindo de células parenquimáticas é encontrada no limbo e na nervura central. O caule apresenta periderme e córtex reduzido, consistindo de camada subepidérmica de células parenquimáticas e bainha esclerenquimática. Uma faixa descontínua de fibras não lignificadas envolve o sistema vascular bicolateral. Idioblastos com substâncias fenólicas, prismas de oxalato de cálcio e laticíferos ramificados são encontrados na folha e no caule. The genus Forsteronia comprises about 50 species indigenous to tropical America. Stem barks from different species are used as antipyretic in folk medicine and the latex from aerial parts has been investigated for industrial purposes. This study has dealt with anatomical aspects of leaf and stem of Forsteronia glabrescens Müll. Arg., by usual light and scanning microtechniques, aiming to supply with additional information for the identification of this South-American liana. The leaf is amphistomatic, the epidermis has one layer and the mesophyll is dorsiventral. The midrib presents plain-convex cross-section and is traversed by a bicollateral vascular bundle in open arc. A sub-epidermal layer consisting of parenchymatic cells is found in the blade and midrib. The stem shows periderm and reduced cortex, which comprehends a sub-epidermal layer of parenchymatic cells and a sclerenchymatic sheath. An incomplete and non-lignified fibre sheath encircles the bicollateral vascular system. Idioblasts with phenolic substances, calcium oxalate prisms and branched laticifers are encountered in the leaf and stem.