http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/143 Tue, 20 Oct 2026 15:46:17 GMT 2026-10-20T15:46:17Z http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6890 Articulo Biotechnological strategies for controlled delivery of antigens and vaccines adjuvant through liposomes Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 4 Lipossomas (LP) são sistemas coloidais capazes de compartimentalizar fármacos com o objetivo de melhorar a atividade biológica, diminuir a toxicidade potencial e obter efeito prolongado. Nesse trabalho foi discutido o papel de vários tipos de lipossomas em encapsular moléculas capazes de provocar alguma resposta imunológica (fármacos, antígenos, DNA). O efeito do tipo dos lipossomas e aspectos sobre a formação dos mesmos também foram discutidos. Parâmetros que interferem na liberação dos fármacos a partir da estrutura dos lipossomas foram analisados. A verificação detalhada da literatura mostrou que, dependendo da polaridade das moléculas e da carga superficial das estruturas dos lipossomas o sistema pode ser usado eficientemente para aperfeiçoar o efeito terapêutico por meio do controle da velocidade ou do mecanismo de liberação de fármacos e substâncias imunogênicas.; Liposomes (LP) are colloidal systems with ability to compartmentalize therapeutic molecules in order to improve biological activity, decreases the potential toxicity, and to obtain prolonged effect. In this work it was discussed the role of the various liposomes types to encapsulate drug molecules able to provoke some immunological response (drugs, antigens and DNA). The effect of the liposomes and the parameters about the formation of the structures are also analyzed. Detailed literature review shows that, depending on the molecules polarity and the superficial charge of the liposome structures, the system may be efficiently used to optimize the therapeutic effects by means of the release control or through a drug delivery mechanism. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6890 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Lipossomas (LP) são sistemas coloidais capazes de compartimentalizar fármacos com o objetivo de melhorar a atividade biológica, diminuir a toxicidade potencial e obter efeito prolongado. Nesse trabalho foi discutido o papel de vários tipos de lipossomas em encapsular moléculas capazes de provocar alguma resposta imunológica (fármacos, antígenos, DNA). O efeito do tipo dos lipossomas e aspectos sobre a formação dos mesmos também foram discutidos. Parâmetros que interferem na liberação dos fármacos a partir da estrutura dos lipossomas foram analisados. A verificação detalhada da literatura mostrou que, dependendo da polaridade das moléculas e da carga superficial das estruturas dos lipossomas o sistema pode ser usado eficientemente para aperfeiçoar o efeito terapêutico por meio do controle da velocidade ou do mecanismo de liberação de fármacos e substâncias imunogênicas. Liposomes (LP) are colloidal systems with ability to compartmentalize therapeutic molecules in order to improve biological activity, decreases the potential toxicity, and to obtain prolonged effect. In this work it was discussed the role of the various liposomes types to encapsulate drug molecules able to provoke some immunological response (drugs, antigens and DNA). The effect of the liposomes and the parameters about the formation of the structures are also analyzed. Detailed literature review shows that, depending on the molecules polarity and the superficial charge of the liposome structures, the system may be efficiently used to optimize the therapeutic effects by means of the release control or through a drug delivery mechanism. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6889 Articulo Adaptation of patients counseling method by a comprehension analysis Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 4 Adaptou-se o método de orientação de pacientes do Indian Health Service para utilização numa farmácia. Usou-se a técnica de análise de compreensão para verificar o entendimento das pessoas quanto ao sentido das questões utilizadas para identificar as áreas onde o paciente necessita de educação para o uso racional de medicamentos. Aplicou-se entrevista estruturada em dois grupos de voluntários (Grupo 1, usuários de uma farmácia, e Grupo 2, funcionários de uma universidade). Verificou-se boa compreensão geral das questões, sendo melhor o desempenho do grupo 2, provavelmente pela possibilidade de analisar mais abstratamente a situação. O método mostrou-se passível de utilização.; The Indian Health Service's method of orientation to patients has been adopted to be used in a pharmacy. The thecnic of comprehension analysis was used to verify peoples' understanding about the meaning of the questions used to identify the areas where the patient needs education for the rational medicine use. The interviews were applied to two volunteers groups (Group 1, users of a pharmacy and Group 2, professionals of a University). A good general comprehension of the questions was verified; the Group 2 had a better understanding of the questions probably for the possibility to analyse more abstractaly the situation. The method showed susceptible to be used. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6889 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Adaptou-se o método de orientação de pacientes do Indian Health Service para utilização numa farmácia. Usou-se a técnica de análise de compreensão para verificar o entendimento das pessoas quanto ao sentido das questões utilizadas para identificar as áreas onde o paciente necessita de educação para o uso racional de medicamentos. Aplicou-se entrevista estruturada em dois grupos de voluntários (Grupo 1, usuários de uma farmácia, e Grupo 2, funcionários de uma universidade). Verificou-se boa compreensão geral das questões, sendo melhor o desempenho do grupo 2, provavelmente pela possibilidade de analisar mais abstratamente a situação. O método mostrou-se passível de utilização. The Indian Health Service's method of orientation to patients has been adopted to be used in a pharmacy. The thecnic of comprehension analysis was used to verify peoples' understanding about the meaning of the questions used to identify the areas where the patient needs education for the rational medicine use. The interviews were applied to two volunteers groups (Group 1, users of a pharmacy and Group 2, professionals of a University). A good general comprehension of the questions was verified; the Group 2 had a better understanding of the questions probably for the possibility to analyse more abstractaly the situation. The method showed susceptible to be used. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6888 Articulo Medicines and other therapies utilization before pediatric consultation by public health center users in Itajaí-SC, Brazil Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 4 Este estudo foi conduzido em Itajaí-SC com o objetivo de conhecer a utilização de tratamentos (medicamentosos ou não) anteriormente à consulta pediátrica. 382 responsáveis por crianças aguardando por consulta pediátrica em unidade pública de saúde responderam a um formulário. Sessenta e seis porcento dos responsáveis alegaram ter utilizado algum tratamento antes da consulta pediátrica. Entre os tratamentos utilizados, 88% eram medicamentos industrializados, principalmente antipiréticos e analgésicos, antibióticos, antiinflamatórios, antialérgicos e broncodilatadores. Receitas médicas de consultas anteriores foram citadas em 50% dos casos. A renda familiar não apresentou relação com o uso de automedicação ou com o hábito familiar de utilizar chás ou remédios caseiros, porém a escolaridade da mãe apresentou associação significativa.; This study was carried out in Itajaí (SC), Brazil, with the objective to know the utilization of any treatments before pediatric consultation. 382 parents was interviewed before consultation in a public health center. 66% of parents affirmed that they took some treatment to children before that consultation. 88% of the treatments was industrialized medicines: analgesics, antipyretics, antiinflamatory drugs, antialergics and bronco dilatators. Medical prescriptions from other consultations were cited by 50% of interviewed. The familiar outcomes was not associated with the practice of self-medication or the use of home medicines or medicinal plants, but the mothers education was associated with the use of self-medication. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6888 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Este estudo foi conduzido em Itajaí-SC com o objetivo de conhecer a utilização de tratamentos (medicamentosos ou não) anteriormente à consulta pediátrica. 382 responsáveis por crianças aguardando por consulta pediátrica em unidade pública de saúde responderam a um formulário. Sessenta e seis porcento dos responsáveis alegaram ter utilizado algum tratamento antes da consulta pediátrica. Entre os tratamentos utilizados, 88% eram medicamentos industrializados, principalmente antipiréticos e analgésicos, antibióticos, antiinflamatórios, antialérgicos e broncodilatadores. Receitas médicas de consultas anteriores foram citadas em 50% dos casos. A renda familiar não apresentou relação com o uso de automedicação ou com o hábito familiar de utilizar chás ou remédios caseiros, porém a escolaridade da mãe apresentou associação significativa. This study was carried out in Itajaí (SC), Brazil, with the objective to know the utilization of any treatments before pediatric consultation. 382 parents was interviewed before consultation in a public health center. 66% of parents affirmed that they took some treatment to children before that consultation. 88% of the treatments was industrialized medicines: analgesics, antipyretics, antiinflamatory drugs, antialergics and bronco dilatators. Medical prescriptions from other consultations were cited by 50% of interviewed. The familiar outcomes was not associated with the practice of self-medication or the use of home medicines or medicinal plants, but the mothers education was associated with the use of self-medication. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6887 Articulo Essential medicines stored in households in Southern Brazil Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 4 O objetivo foi caracterizar o estoque domiciliar de medicamentos na cidade de Passo Fundo, sul do Brasil, quanto à presença, prescrição, dispensação e utilização de medicamentos essenciais. Foram entrevistados moradores de 84 domicílios localizados em cinco setores censitários da área urbana, utilizando- se de um questionário estruturado, contendo questões relacionadas ao domicílio e à s características dos medicamentos estocados. A existência de estoque de medicamentos foi verificada em 93% dos domicílios, sendo que o número médio de medicamentos por domicílios foi de 12. De um total de 1003 medicamentos analisados, 26,5% constava na lista da OMS e 33,9% na Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais (RENAME). Os grupos terapêuticos essenciais armazenados com maior freqüência foram os analgésicos, antiinfecciosos, diuréticos e medicamentos para desordens gastrointestinais. Entre os medicamentos essenciais, 60,4% foi prescrito e 52,8% estava em uso. Quanto à origem dos medicamentos, uma pequena parcela foi obtida em postos de saúde; desta parcela, a maioria era essencial. Os medicamentos essenciais compõem aproximadamente um terço dos estoques domiciliares de medicamentos e são principalmente de uso agudo. A maioria dos medicamentos adquiridos em postos de saúde é essencial, sugerindo adesão do sistema de saúde local ao programa nacional de medicamentos essenciais. Entretanto, os medicamentos adquiridos nos postos representam uma pequena parcela do total de medicamentos estocados.; The aim of the present paper was to investigate the availability of essential medicines stored in households in Passo Fundo, Southern Brazil, with regard to prescription, dispensation and use. By means cluster sampling, were surveyed 84 households. The data were collected by a questionnaire filled in during home visits, with questions about household and drugs stored. Of the households visited, 93% had at least one drug stored, mean of 12. Of the 1003 drugs stored in home pharmacies, 26,5% were included in the WHO Model List and 33,9% in the National List of Essential Medicines (RENAME). The essential pharmacological groups stored more frequently were the analgesics, anti-infective, diuretics and gastrointestinal medicines. Of the essential medicines, 60,4% were prescribed and 52,8% were in use. A few proportion was obtained in public health units; of this, the majority was essential. The essential medicines represents about a third part of all medicines stored in households and are for acute use. The majority of medicines obtained in public health units were essential, indicating compliance with national program of essential medicines. However, the medicines acquired in public health units represents a few proportion of all drugs stored. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6887 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z O objetivo foi caracterizar o estoque domiciliar de medicamentos na cidade de Passo Fundo, sul do Brasil, quanto à presença, prescrição, dispensação e utilização de medicamentos essenciais. Foram entrevistados moradores de 84 domicílios localizados em cinco setores censitários da área urbana, utilizando- se de um questionário estruturado, contendo questões relacionadas ao domicílio e à s características dos medicamentos estocados. A existência de estoque de medicamentos foi verificada em 93% dos domicílios, sendo que o número médio de medicamentos por domicílios foi de 12. De um total de 1003 medicamentos analisados, 26,5% constava na lista da OMS e 33,9% na Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais (RENAME). Os grupos terapêuticos essenciais armazenados com maior freqüência foram os analgésicos, antiinfecciosos, diuréticos e medicamentos para desordens gastrointestinais. Entre os medicamentos essenciais, 60,4% foi prescrito e 52,8% estava em uso. Quanto à origem dos medicamentos, uma pequena parcela foi obtida em postos de saúde; desta parcela, a maioria era essencial. Os medicamentos essenciais compõem aproximadamente um terço dos estoques domiciliares de medicamentos e são principalmente de uso agudo. A maioria dos medicamentos adquiridos em postos de saúde é essencial, sugerindo adesão do sistema de saúde local ao programa nacional de medicamentos essenciais. Entretanto, os medicamentos adquiridos nos postos representam uma pequena parcela do total de medicamentos estocados. The aim of the present paper was to investigate the availability of essential medicines stored in households in Passo Fundo, Southern Brazil, with regard to prescription, dispensation and use. By means cluster sampling, were surveyed 84 households. The data were collected by a questionnaire filled in during home visits, with questions about household and drugs stored. Of the households visited, 93% had at least one drug stored, mean of 12. Of the 1003 drugs stored in home pharmacies, 26,5% were included in the WHO Model List and 33,9% in the National List of Essential Medicines (RENAME). The essential pharmacological groups stored more frequently were the analgesics, anti-infective, diuretics and gastrointestinal medicines. Of the essential medicines, 60,4% were prescribed and 52,8% were in use. A few proportion was obtained in public health units; of this, the majority was essential. The essential medicines represents about a third part of all medicines stored in households and are for acute use. The majority of medicines obtained in public health units were essential, indicating compliance with national program of essential medicines. However, the medicines acquired in public health units represents a few proportion of all drugs stored. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6886 Articulo Analysis efficacy cost of the therapy with propolis creams for the diabetic foot in Cuba Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 4 Se desarrolló un estudio clínico con el objetivo de demostrar las ventajas económicas y sociales del uso de una crema elaborada con el propóleos recolectado en la región de Manzanillo en Cuba, en una muestra de 120 pacientes diabéticos atendidos en los servicios de Angiología de dos hospitales de la provincia de Santiago de Cuba, y uno de Ciudad de La Habana. Se realizó un diseño experimental de comparación inter-individual o en grupos paralelos, a doble ciego, controlado y con asignación aleatorizada del tratamiento. La relación costo-eficacia se desarrolló a partir de la técnica de evaluación económica de medicamentos denominada Análisis Costo-Efectividad, cuya única diferencia con la seleccionada para la presente investigación, es el nivel de efectos en términos de salud que tiene en consideración, que refleja condiciones reales para la intervención médica. La relación costo-eficacia obtenida con la nueva formulación, a ambas concentraciones fue mejor que la alcanzada con la medicación habitualmente empleada para tratar al paciente con pie diabético, alcanzándose una reducción de dicho costo, con respecto a la terapia habitual de un 41.8% con la formulación al 10% y de un 43.2% con la preparada al 15%, con una mayor efectividad terapéutica que el tratamiento convencional, por lo que incuestionablemente la crema de propóleos sometida al estudio, constituye una terapia mucho más ventajosa desde el punto de vista económico que la habitual.; The clinic study was made with the objective to demonstrated the economic and clinical benefit of the use of a cream with Cuban propolis collected in the Manzanillo area, Granma province. The study was realized in 120 diabetic patients who were assisted by the Service of Angiology in 3 Cuban hospitals, two hospitals of the Santiago de Cuba and one hospital of Havana city. The clinic assay was carried out according to the Helsinki Declaration 13, in Phase II, enclosure, double blind, controlled, contingent, stratified according to the size of the hurt and in several centers, with interindividual or in parallel comparison. The relation efficacy-cost was calculated through of the technique to economic evaluation of drugs, known as analysis cost- effectiveness. This analysis has a difference with the relation used in this study that it is to reflect the real conditions for the medical intervention. The relation efficacy-cost obtained with the new formulation, to both concentrations it was better that the obtained with the habitual therapy used for treatment to patients with diabetic foot. We obtained a reduction of the cost with respect to habitual therapy to 41.8% with the formulation to 10% and 43.2% with the elaborated to 15%, with a greatest therapeutic efficacy what the conventional therapy, by that the propolis cream is a therapy with advantage clinical and economic. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6886 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Se desarrolló un estudio clínico con el objetivo de demostrar las ventajas económicas y sociales del uso de una crema elaborada con el propóleos recolectado en la región de Manzanillo en Cuba, en una muestra de 120 pacientes diabéticos atendidos en los servicios de Angiología de dos hospitales de la provincia de Santiago de Cuba, y uno de Ciudad de La Habana. Se realizó un diseño experimental de comparación inter-individual o en grupos paralelos, a doble ciego, controlado y con asignación aleatorizada del tratamiento. La relación costo-eficacia se desarrolló a partir de la técnica de evaluación económica de medicamentos denominada Análisis Costo-Efectividad, cuya única diferencia con la seleccionada para la presente investigación, es el nivel de efectos en términos de salud que tiene en consideración, que refleja condiciones reales para la intervención médica. La relación costo-eficacia obtenida con la nueva formulación, a ambas concentraciones fue mejor que la alcanzada con la medicación habitualmente empleada para tratar al paciente con pie diabético, alcanzándose una reducción de dicho costo, con respecto a la terapia habitual de un 41.8% con la formulación al 10% y de un 43.2% con la preparada al 15%, con una mayor efectividad terapéutica que el tratamiento convencional, por lo que incuestionablemente la crema de propóleos sometida al estudio, constituye una terapia mucho más ventajosa desde el punto de vista económico que la habitual. The clinic study was made with the objective to demonstrated the economic and clinical benefit of the use of a cream with Cuban propolis collected in the Manzanillo area, Granma province. The study was realized in 120 diabetic patients who were assisted by the Service of Angiology in 3 Cuban hospitals, two hospitals of the Santiago de Cuba and one hospital of Havana city. The clinic assay was carried out according to the Helsinki Declaration 13, in Phase II, enclosure, double blind, controlled, contingent, stratified according to the size of the hurt and in several centers, with interindividual or in parallel comparison. The relation efficacy-cost was calculated through of the technique to economic evaluation of drugs, known as analysis cost- effectiveness. This analysis has a difference with the relation used in this study that it is to reflect the real conditions for the medical intervention. The relation efficacy-cost obtained with the new formulation, to both concentrations it was better that the obtained with the habitual therapy used for treatment to patients with diabetic foot. We obtained a reduction of the cost with respect to habitual therapy to 41.8% with the formulation to 10% and 43.2% with the elaborated to 15%, with a greatest therapeutic efficacy what the conventional therapy, by that the propolis cream is a therapy with advantage clinical and economic. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6885 Articulo Pharmacological surveillance of the therapy combined Interferon-Ribavirina in patients with hepatitis C Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 4 Con el objetivo de describir y evaluar los efectos adversos relacionados con la administración de la combinación Interferón α-2β recombinante-Ribavirina en el tratamiento de la hepatitis C, se revisó el total de historias clínicas de los pacientes que completaron su año de tratamiento, incluidos en un ensayo clínico multicéntrico ejecutado en la provincia de Villa Clara. Se detectaron las reacciones adversas y su grado de intensidad, así como el tratamiento farmacológico indicado. Se aplicó el algoritmo de Karsh y Lasagna para evaluar la relación de causalidad establecida. Se apreció que las reacciones adversas más frecuentes fueron: fiebre (33,6%) y anorexia (16,7%). Todos los efectos indeseables presentados fueron de leve intensidad y estuvieron relacionados con la terapia en estudio. La fiebre resultó ser la única reacción adversa que recibió tratamiento.; With the objective to describe and to evaluate the adverse effects related to the administration of the combination INFα-2β recombinat-Ribavirina in the hepatitis C disease; was revised the total of medical histories of the patients that completed one year of treatment, included in a clinical trial executed in Villa Clara, Cuba. The main adverse reactions and its degree of intensity were detected, and the indicated pharmacological treatment was also analyzed. The algorithm of Karsh & Lasagna was applied to evaluate the established relation of causality. The more frequently adverse reactions were: fever (33.6%) and anorexia (16.7%). All the undesirable effects presented were of low intensity and they were related to the therapy in study. The fever was the only one adverse reaction that received treatment. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6885 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Con el objetivo de describir y evaluar los efectos adversos relacionados con la administración de la combinación Interferón α-2β recombinante-Ribavirina en el tratamiento de la hepatitis C, se revisó el total de historias clínicas de los pacientes que completaron su año de tratamiento, incluidos en un ensayo clínico multicéntrico ejecutado en la provincia de Villa Clara. Se detectaron las reacciones adversas y su grado de intensidad, así como el tratamiento farmacológico indicado. Se aplicó el algoritmo de Karsh y Lasagna para evaluar la relación de causalidad establecida. Se apreció que las reacciones adversas más frecuentes fueron: fiebre (33,6%) y anorexia (16,7%). Todos los efectos indeseables presentados fueron de leve intensidad y estuvieron relacionados con la terapia en estudio. La fiebre resultó ser la única reacción adversa que recibió tratamiento. With the objective to describe and to evaluate the adverse effects related to the administration of the combination INFα-2β recombinat-Ribavirina in the hepatitis C disease; was revised the total of medical histories of the patients that completed one year of treatment, included in a clinical trial executed in Villa Clara, Cuba. The main adverse reactions and its degree of intensity were detected, and the indicated pharmacological treatment was also analyzed. The algorithm of Karsh & Lasagna was applied to evaluate the established relation of causality. The more frequently adverse reactions were: fever (33.6%) and anorexia (16.7%). All the undesirable effects presented were of low intensity and they were related to the therapy in study. The fever was the only one adverse reaction that received treatment. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6884 Articulo Quality analysis of the advertisements of herbal medicines available in Santa Catarina (Brazil) Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 4 O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a qualidade das propagandas de medicamentos fitoterápicos, disponíveis em alguns estabelecimentos farmacêuticos do Estado de Santa Catarina, no que diz respeito ao cumprimento da legislação que regulamenta a propaganda de medicamentos e o registro de medicamentos fitoterápicos no Brasil, e sua conformidade com os Critérios Éticos para a Promoção de Medicamentos da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Em 367 estabelecimentos farmacêuticos, foram coletadas 61 diferentes peças publicitárias, que divulgaram 441 medicamentos fitoterápicos. Todas as peças publicitárias, em diferentes níveis, infringiram a legislação brasileira e/ou os Critérios Éticos da OMS. Muitas apresentaram apenas as qualidades dos medicamentos, omitindo informações que pudessem vir a restringir seu uso, tais como contra-indicações, precauções de uso e advertências.; The objective of this study was to analyze the quality of the advertisements of herbal medicines available in some drugstores in Santa Catarina state, Brazil, in order regarding to verify their conformity to the Brazilian laws concerning to the medicines advertisements of and to the herbal medicines registration, as well as to the Ethic Criteria for the Promotion of Medicines of the World Health Organization (WHO). Were collected, in 367 drugstores, sixty-one different advertisements announcing 441 herbal medicines. All of the advertisements infringed in some degree the Brazilian legislation and/or the WHO Ethic Criteria for the Promotion of Medicines. Almost all of the advertisements displayed only the medicine's qualities, omitting the informations that could limit their use, as well as their precautions of use, contraindications and even obligatory warnings. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6884 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a qualidade das propagandas de medicamentos fitoterápicos, disponíveis em alguns estabelecimentos farmacêuticos do Estado de Santa Catarina, no que diz respeito ao cumprimento da legislação que regulamenta a propaganda de medicamentos e o registro de medicamentos fitoterápicos no Brasil, e sua conformidade com os Critérios Éticos para a Promoção de Medicamentos da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Em 367 estabelecimentos farmacêuticos, foram coletadas 61 diferentes peças publicitárias, que divulgaram 441 medicamentos fitoterápicos. Todas as peças publicitárias, em diferentes níveis, infringiram a legislação brasileira e/ou os Critérios Éticos da OMS. Muitas apresentaram apenas as qualidades dos medicamentos, omitindo informações que pudessem vir a restringir seu uso, tais como contra-indicações, precauções de uso e advertências. The objective of this study was to analyze the quality of the advertisements of herbal medicines available in some drugstores in Santa Catarina state, Brazil, in order regarding to verify their conformity to the Brazilian laws concerning to the medicines advertisements of and to the herbal medicines registration, as well as to the Ethic Criteria for the Promotion of Medicines of the World Health Organization (WHO). Were collected, in 367 drugstores, sixty-one different advertisements announcing 441 herbal medicines. All of the advertisements infringed in some degree the Brazilian legislation and/or the WHO Ethic Criteria for the Promotion of Medicines. Almost all of the advertisements displayed only the medicine's qualities, omitting the informations that could limit their use, as well as their precautions of use, contraindications and even obligatory warnings. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6883 Articulo Development and validation of an analytical methodology for the determination of indinavir sulfate in raw material and capsules by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 4 Um novo método analítico foi desenvolvido e validado por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE), para o doseamento de matéria-prima e cápsulas de Sulfato de Indinavir. Foi selecionado um método isocrático, coluna C8 (250 x 4,6 mm), com 5 µm de tamanho de partícula); a fase móvel consiste em uma mistura de tampão citrato de sódio (pH=5,0) e acetonitrila (40:60 v/v), em um fluxo de 1,0 mL/min, detector UV (λ 260 nm), volume de injeção de 20 µL, temperatura de 40 °C e concentração de 100 ppm. As diluições foram realizadas em água ultra-pura. Baseado na Resolução RE N° 899, da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), foram avaliados os parâmetros de performance analítica: robustez, lineraridade, faixa de variação, precisão, exatidão e limites de detecção e de quantificação. O método atende aos requisitos de Boas Práticas de Laboratório e pode ser utilizado na rotina das indústrias farmacêuticas para quantificação de matéria-prima e cápsulas de Sulfato de Indinavir.; A new analytical method by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed and validated for the determination of Indinavir Sulfate in raw material and capsules. An isocratic method, C8 column (250 x 4.6 mm, with a 5 µm particle size) was selected; the mobile phase consisted in a mixture of sodium citrate buffer (pH=5.0) plus acetonitrile (40:60 v/v), at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, using a UV detector (λ 260 nm), injection volume of 20 µL, temperature of 40 °C (104 °F) and a 100 ppm concentration. Dilutions were carried out in ultra-pure water. Based on Resolution RE N° 899 by the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), the following analytical performance parameters were assessed: robustness, linearity, range, precision, accuracy, and detection and quantitation limits. The method complies with the Good Laboratory Practice requirements and can be used in routine analyses in the pharmaceutical industries for the quantitation of Indinavir Sulfate raw material and capsules. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6883 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Um novo método analítico foi desenvolvido e validado por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE), para o doseamento de matéria-prima e cápsulas de Sulfato de Indinavir. Foi selecionado um método isocrático, coluna C8 (250 x 4,6 mm), com 5 µm de tamanho de partícula); a fase móvel consiste em uma mistura de tampão citrato de sódio (pH=5,0) e acetonitrila (40:60 v/v), em um fluxo de 1,0 mL/min, detector UV (λ 260 nm), volume de injeção de 20 µL, temperatura de 40 °C e concentração de 100 ppm. As diluições foram realizadas em água ultra-pura. Baseado na Resolução RE N° 899, da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), foram avaliados os parâmetros de performance analítica: robustez, lineraridade, faixa de variação, precisão, exatidão e limites de detecção e de quantificação. O método atende aos requisitos de Boas Práticas de Laboratório e pode ser utilizado na rotina das indústrias farmacêuticas para quantificação de matéria-prima e cápsulas de Sulfato de Indinavir. A new analytical method by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed and validated for the determination of Indinavir Sulfate in raw material and capsules. An isocratic method, C8 column (250 x 4.6 mm, with a 5 µm particle size) was selected; the mobile phase consisted in a mixture of sodium citrate buffer (pH=5.0) plus acetonitrile (40:60 v/v), at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, using a UV detector (λ 260 nm), injection volume of 20 µL, temperature of 40 °C (104 °F) and a 100 ppm concentration. Dilutions were carried out in ultra-pure water. Based on Resolution RE N° 899 by the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), the following analytical performance parameters were assessed: robustness, linearity, range, precision, accuracy, and detection and quantitation limits. The method complies with the Good Laboratory Practice requirements and can be used in routine analyses in the pharmaceutical industries for the quantitation of Indinavir Sulfate raw material and capsules. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6882 Comunicacion Variations in the flavonoid profile and free quercetin content in different extracts of Achyrocline satureoides Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 4 Achyrocline satureoides (Lam.) DC., Compositae (n.v. "marcela"), es una de las plantas medicinales más utilizadas con fines terapéuticos en la elaboración de fitofármacos en nuestra región. Sus principales actividades farmacológicas se relacionan a la presencia de flavonoides. El perfil por HPLC de dichos compuestos es empleado como marcador fitoquímico, ya que la cantidad de quercetina libre en el mismo sirve para estandarizar el extracto en cuanto a dicho contenido y en el perfil de flavonoides. En el presente trabajo se estudia el efecto de diferentes métodos de extracción (soxhlet, maceración, percolación, decocción y tisana) y la influencia del pH del medio de extracción en el perfil de flavonoides que se obtienen. Dependiendo del método de extracción empleado se encuentran variaciones en el rendimiento de extracto seco, en el perfil de flavonoides y en la cantidad de quercetina libre. El extracto obtenido en Soxhlet es el más eficiente, obteniéndose un 13% de quercetina libre, siendo quercetina, luteolina y quercetina 3- metil-éter sus principales componentes. De las formas comunes de preparación de extractos, la tisana tiene el menor contenido de quercetina libre; sin embargo, esta tisana tratada a pH = 1 simulando las condiciones fisiológicas estomacales, aumenta un 50% el contenido en quercetina libre. Se propone emplear como metodología analítica estándar la hidrólisis ácida del extracto, a los efectos de normalizar el contenido de quercetina en los extractos de marcela.; Achyrocline satureoides (Lam.) D.C., Compositae (folk name "marcela") is one of the most widely used medicinal plants in the elaboration of phytotherapeutical drugs in our region. The main pharmacological activities are related to the presence of flavonoids. The HPLC profile of these compounds is used as phytochemical marker, and the characterization of the extract is done through the quantity of free quercetin present in the extract and the amount of quercetin in the total flavonoid content. In the present work different methods of extraction (soxhlet, softening, percolation, decoction and tisane) are studied. Depending on the method of extraction used variations in the yield of dry extract were found, either in the profile of flavonoids and in the quantity of free quercetin. Soxhlet is the most efficient method yielding a 13% of free quercetin being the aglycones quercetin, luteolin and 3-O-methyl quercetin the main components. Among the different extraction procedures assayed, the tisane showed the lowest content of free quercetin. However, after simulating stomach conditions at pH=1, the amount of free quercetin increased up to 50%. It is proposed to perform a previous acid hydrolysis in routine analysis of A. satureoides extracts, in order to normalize the quercetin content in A. satureoides extracts on a common basis. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6882 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Achyrocline satureoides (Lam.) DC., Compositae (n.v. "marcela"), es una de las plantas medicinales más utilizadas con fines terapéuticos en la elaboración de fitofármacos en nuestra región. Sus principales actividades farmacológicas se relacionan a la presencia de flavonoides. El perfil por HPLC de dichos compuestos es empleado como marcador fitoquímico, ya que la cantidad de quercetina libre en el mismo sirve para estandarizar el extracto en cuanto a dicho contenido y en el perfil de flavonoides. En el presente trabajo se estudia el efecto de diferentes métodos de extracción (soxhlet, maceración, percolación, decocción y tisana) y la influencia del pH del medio de extracción en el perfil de flavonoides que se obtienen. Dependiendo del método de extracción empleado se encuentran variaciones en el rendimiento de extracto seco, en el perfil de flavonoides y en la cantidad de quercetina libre. El extracto obtenido en Soxhlet es el más eficiente, obteniéndose un 13% de quercetina libre, siendo quercetina, luteolina y quercetina 3- metil-éter sus principales componentes. De las formas comunes de preparación de extractos, la tisana tiene el menor contenido de quercetina libre; sin embargo, esta tisana tratada a pH = 1 simulando las condiciones fisiológicas estomacales, aumenta un 50% el contenido en quercetina libre. Se propone emplear como metodología analítica estándar la hidrólisis ácida del extracto, a los efectos de normalizar el contenido de quercetina en los extractos de marcela. Achyrocline satureoides (Lam.) D.C., Compositae (folk name "marcela") is one of the most widely used medicinal plants in the elaboration of phytotherapeutical drugs in our region. The main pharmacological activities are related to the presence of flavonoids. The HPLC profile of these compounds is used as phytochemical marker, and the characterization of the extract is done through the quantity of free quercetin present in the extract and the amount of quercetin in the total flavonoid content. In the present work different methods of extraction (soxhlet, softening, percolation, decoction and tisane) are studied. Depending on the method of extraction used variations in the yield of dry extract were found, either in the profile of flavonoids and in the quantity of free quercetin. Soxhlet is the most efficient method yielding a 13% of free quercetin being the aglycones quercetin, luteolin and 3-O-methyl quercetin the main components. Among the different extraction procedures assayed, the tisane showed the lowest content of free quercetin. However, after simulating stomach conditions at pH=1, the amount of free quercetin increased up to 50%. It is proposed to perform a previous acid hydrolysis in routine analysis of A. satureoides extracts, in order to normalize the quercetin content in A. satureoides extracts on a common basis. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6881 Comunicacion Determination of caffeoylderivatives content in South American species of the genus Achyrocline Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 4 Las partes aéreas de diferentes especies sudamericanas del género Achyrocline, conocidas popularmente como "marcela", son ampliamente utilizadas en medicina folclórica especialmente en malestares gastrointestinales. En este trabajo se describe el análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo realizado por HPLC del contenido en derivados cafeil quínicos, en las 4 especies más usadas del género: A. satureioides, A. to - mentosa, A. flaccida y A. alata. El contenido porcentual en ácidos cafeico, clorogenico e isoclórogenico está relacionado con su uso popular.; Aerial parts of four Southamerican Achyrocline species (A. satureioides, A. tomentosa, A. flaccida and A. alata), generally called "marcela", are widely used in folk medicine against gastrointestinal pains. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the caffeoylderivative contents were carried out by HPLC with a photodiode-array detector. The percent content of total caffeoylderivatives is in accordance to their ethnomedical use. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6881 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Las partes aéreas de diferentes especies sudamericanas del género Achyrocline, conocidas popularmente como "marcela", son ampliamente utilizadas en medicina folclórica especialmente en malestares gastrointestinales. En este trabajo se describe el análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo realizado por HPLC del contenido en derivados cafeil quínicos, en las 4 especies más usadas del género: A. satureioides, A. to - mentosa, A. flaccida y A. alata. El contenido porcentual en ácidos cafeico, clorogenico e isoclórogenico está relacionado con su uso popular. Aerial parts of four Southamerican Achyrocline species (A. satureioides, A. tomentosa, A. flaccida and A. alata), generally called "marcela", are widely used in folk medicine against gastrointestinal pains. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the caffeoylderivative contents were carried out by HPLC with a photodiode-array detector. The percent content of total caffeoylderivatives is in accordance to their ethnomedical use. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6880 Comunicacion High-Performance Liquid Chromatography determination of Praziquantel in tablets and raw materials Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 4 Un método específico y sensible de cromatografía líquida de alta eficiencia fue desarrollado para el análisis del praziquantel en materias primas y tabletas. También fue encontrado que los excipientes en la preparación comercial de la tableta no interfirieron en el análisis en la longitud de onda seleccionada. La validación del método dio buenos resultados e incluyó la linearidad, la precisión, la exactitud, la especificidad y la recuperación.; A specific and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the assay of praziquantel in raw materials and tablets. It was also found that the excipients in the commercial tablet preparation did not interfere with the assay in the wavelenght selected. The method validation yielded good results and included the range, linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity and recovery. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6880 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Un método específico y sensible de cromatografía líquida de alta eficiencia fue desarrollado para el análisis del praziquantel en materias primas y tabletas. También fue encontrado que los excipientes en la preparación comercial de la tableta no interfirieron en el análisis en la longitud de onda seleccionada. La validación del método dio buenos resultados e incluyó la linearidad, la precisión, la exactitud, la especificidad y la recuperación. A specific and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the assay of praziquantel in raw materials and tablets. It was also found that the excipients in the commercial tablet preparation did not interfere with the assay in the wavelenght selected. The method validation yielded good results and included the range, linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity and recovery. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6879 Comunicacion Antioxidant activity of Vochysia discolor Mart. flowers Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 4 En este estudio fue evaluada la propiedad antioxidante del extracto alcohólico de flores de Vochysia discolor Mart. (Vochysiaceae) por los ensayos de i) decoloración del radical monocatiónico [2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] (ABTS+) y ii) supresión del ácido hipocloroso por el método del ácido 5-tio-2-nitro-benzóico (TNB). Nuestros resultados muestran, por primera vez, la existencia de propiedades antioxidantes en una especie del género Vochysia, hecho que, debido a la grande capacidad antioxidante observada para el material, tiene gran potencial para ser empleado como complemento en la supresión de radicales libres.; The ethanol extract of flowers of Vochysia discolor Mart. (Vochysiaceae) was screened to evaluate its antioxidant activity. The activity was determined by an improved assay based on the i) decolorization of the radical monocation of [2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] (ABTS+) and ii) for hypochlorous acid scavenger using 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid (TNB), both monitored by colorimetric methods. The study provided for the first time information on the antioxidant activity of a species in the genus Vochysia. The great antioxidant activity displayed by the material suggested it should be used as a complement for the suppression of free radicals after new studies. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6879 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z En este estudio fue evaluada la propiedad antioxidante del extracto alcohólico de flores de Vochysia discolor Mart. (Vochysiaceae) por los ensayos de i) decoloración del radical monocatiónico [2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] (ABTS+) y ii) supresión del ácido hipocloroso por el método del ácido 5-tio-2-nitro-benzóico (TNB). Nuestros resultados muestran, por primera vez, la existencia de propiedades antioxidantes en una especie del género Vochysia, hecho que, debido a la grande capacidad antioxidante observada para el material, tiene gran potencial para ser empleado como complemento en la supresión de radicales libres. The ethanol extract of flowers of Vochysia discolor Mart. (Vochysiaceae) was screened to evaluate its antioxidant activity. The activity was determined by an improved assay based on the i) decolorization of the radical monocation of [2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] (ABTS+) and ii) for hypochlorous acid scavenger using 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid (TNB), both monitored by colorimetric methods. The study provided for the first time information on the antioxidant activity of a species in the genus Vochysia. The great antioxidant activity displayed by the material suggested it should be used as a complement for the suppression of free radicals after new studies. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6878 Comunicacion Efficiency of propolis on Malassezia pachydermatis Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 4 El propóleos es un producto obtenido en la colmena, conocido por sus propiedades antimicrobianas. Varios ensayos han demostrado esta actividad, pero los resultados son contradictorios y escasos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la acción del extracto etanólico de propóleos sobre cepas de Malassezia pachydermatis, aisladas del conducto auditivo de caninos con diagnóstico clínico de otitis externa. Diferentes técnicas de siembra fueron comparadas, a los efectos de seleccionar entre ellas la más adecuada, para determinar la eficacia del propóleos sobre M. pachydermatis. De todas las técnicas empleadas la dilución en placa de agar Sabouraud fue la más apropiada, ya que permitió realizar una lectura clara y sencilla de los resultados obtenidos. A través de la misma se demostró la sensibilidad in vitro de las cepas estudiadas al extracto etanólico de propóleos utilizado en el presente trabajo.; Propolis is a product obtained in the beehive, well-known by its antimicrobial activity. Several assays have demonstrated such activity, but the results were scarce and contradictory. The objective of this work was to determine the action of the ethanolic extract of propolis over strains of Malassezia pachydermatis, isolated of the external ear channel of dogs with clinical diagnosis of external otitis. Different inoculation techniques were compared to select the most appropriate method for assessing the antimicrobial activity of the propolis over M. pachydermatis. The agar dilution method using Sabouraud agar demonstrated to be the most suitable, for it allowed a clear and simple reading of the obtained results. The susceptibility in vitro of the studied strains of Malassezia pachydermatis to the ethanolic extract of propolis used in the present work was observed. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6878 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z El propóleos es un producto obtenido en la colmena, conocido por sus propiedades antimicrobianas. Varios ensayos han demostrado esta actividad, pero los resultados son contradictorios y escasos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la acción del extracto etanólico de propóleos sobre cepas de Malassezia pachydermatis, aisladas del conducto auditivo de caninos con diagnóstico clínico de otitis externa. Diferentes técnicas de siembra fueron comparadas, a los efectos de seleccionar entre ellas la más adecuada, para determinar la eficacia del propóleos sobre M. pachydermatis. De todas las técnicas empleadas la dilución en placa de agar Sabouraud fue la más apropiada, ya que permitió realizar una lectura clara y sencilla de los resultados obtenidos. A través de la misma se demostró la sensibilidad in vitro de las cepas estudiadas al extracto etanólico de propóleos utilizado en el presente trabajo. Propolis is a product obtained in the beehive, well-known by its antimicrobial activity. Several assays have demonstrated such activity, but the results were scarce and contradictory. The objective of this work was to determine the action of the ethanolic extract of propolis over strains of Malassezia pachydermatis, isolated of the external ear channel of dogs with clinical diagnosis of external otitis. Different inoculation techniques were compared to select the most appropriate method for assessing the antimicrobial activity of the propolis over M. pachydermatis. The agar dilution method using Sabouraud agar demonstrated to be the most suitable, for it allowed a clear and simple reading of the obtained results. The susceptibility in vitro of the studied strains of Malassezia pachydermatis to the ethanolic extract of propolis used in the present work was observed. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6877 Articulo Evaluation of cytotoxic and mitodepressive activity of aqueous extracts from thirteen Argentine medicinal plants Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 4 Trece especies de plantas vasculares usadas en la medicina popular argentina, fueron estudiadas para evaluar las actividades citotóxicas y mitodepresivas de sus extractos acuosos a diferentes concentraciones usando los tests de Artemia salina y Allium. No se observó actividad citotóxica de los extractos analizados con el test de Artemia salina y, en relación a los parámetros macroscópicos de toxicidad general, todas las especies mostraron correlaciones negativas aunque no significativas entre la longitud media de las raíces y la concentración del extracto y el test de Allium. La frecuencia de las anormalidades macroscópicas de las raíces mostró correlaciones negativas en todas las especies analizadas siendo la mayoría, estadísticamente significativas, indicando un efecto de la concentración. En casi todas las muestras ensayadas, se observaron efectos de tipo C-mitótico ya que el Indice Mitótico disminuyó en tanto que las anormalidades mitóticas se incrementaron con las concentraciones crecientes de los extractos. En ningún caso se observó actividad clastogénica significativa.; Thirteen vascular plant species used in argentine folk medicine were studied in order to evaluate the cytotoxic and mitodepressive activity of their aqueous extracts at different concentrations, using both the Artemia salina Test and the Allium Test. No cytotoxic activity was observed for analyzed extracts with the Artemia salina Test, and in relation to macroscopic parameters of general toxicity, all species exhibited negative albeit non-significant correlations between average root length and extract concentration in the Allium Test. Frequency of root macroscopic abnormalities and average root length showed significant or highly significant negative correlations in all but two of the analyzed species which nevertheless exhibited comparable negative trends, indicating a concentration effect. In almost all assayed samples a Cmitotic effects of the extracts was observed since the mitotic index decreased and mitotic abnormalities increased with increasing extract concentrations. Clastogenic activity was not found in the analyzed extracts. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6877 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Trece especies de plantas vasculares usadas en la medicina popular argentina, fueron estudiadas para evaluar las actividades citotóxicas y mitodepresivas de sus extractos acuosos a diferentes concentraciones usando los tests de Artemia salina y Allium. No se observó actividad citotóxica de los extractos analizados con el test de Artemia salina y, en relación a los parámetros macroscópicos de toxicidad general, todas las especies mostraron correlaciones negativas aunque no significativas entre la longitud media de las raíces y la concentración del extracto y el test de Allium. La frecuencia de las anormalidades macroscópicas de las raíces mostró correlaciones negativas en todas las especies analizadas siendo la mayoría, estadísticamente significativas, indicando un efecto de la concentración. En casi todas las muestras ensayadas, se observaron efectos de tipo C-mitótico ya que el Indice Mitótico disminuyó en tanto que las anormalidades mitóticas se incrementaron con las concentraciones crecientes de los extractos. En ningún caso se observó actividad clastogénica significativa. Thirteen vascular plant species used in argentine folk medicine were studied in order to evaluate the cytotoxic and mitodepressive activity of their aqueous extracts at different concentrations, using both the Artemia salina Test and the Allium Test. No cytotoxic activity was observed for analyzed extracts with the Artemia salina Test, and in relation to macroscopic parameters of general toxicity, all species exhibited negative albeit non-significant correlations between average root length and extract concentration in the Allium Test. Frequency of root macroscopic abnormalities and average root length showed significant or highly significant negative correlations in all but two of the analyzed species which nevertheless exhibited comparable negative trends, indicating a concentration effect. In almost all assayed samples a Cmitotic effects of the extracts was observed since the mitotic index decreased and mitotic abnormalities increased with increasing extract concentrations. Clastogenic activity was not found in the analyzed extracts. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6876 Articulo Evaluation of quality of Fluoxetine hydroclhoride capsules; Avaliação da qualidade de cápsulas de cloridrato de fluoxetina Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 4 Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a qualidade de cápsulas de fluoxetina provenientes de três diferentes farmácias magistrais, comparando-as com o medicamento distribuído pelo SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde - Brasil) e o medicamento referência. Os parâmetros utilizados foram: variação de peso, doseamento e uniformidade de conteúdo. Para tanto foi necessário desenvolvimento e validação de metodologia por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. As formulações apresentaram-se dentro dos limites preconizados para as análises de variação de peso e teor de substância ativa. Entretanto, em relação à uniformidade de conteúdo, as formulações magistrais apresentaram-se fora dos limites especificados.; The aim of the present work is to evaluate the quality of capsules of fluoxetine obtained from three different compounding pharmacies, comparing them with the drugs available by SUS (Unified Health System of Brazil) and the reference laboratory. The parameters used were: weight variation, assay and uniformity of dosage units. An analytical high pressure liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated. The results approved the formulations for the analyses of weight variation and dosage. However, the formulations was reproved for the analysis of uniformity of dosage units. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6876 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a qualidade de cápsulas de fluoxetina provenientes de três diferentes farmácias magistrais, comparando-as com o medicamento distribuído pelo SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde - Brasil) e o medicamento referência. Os parâmetros utilizados foram: variação de peso, doseamento e uniformidade de conteúdo. Para tanto foi necessário desenvolvimento e validação de metodologia por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. As formulações apresentaram-se dentro dos limites preconizados para as análises de variação de peso e teor de substância ativa. Entretanto, em relação à uniformidade de conteúdo, as formulações magistrais apresentaram-se fora dos limites especificados. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the quality of capsules of fluoxetine obtained from three different compounding pharmacies, comparing them with the drugs available by SUS (Unified Health System of Brazil) and the reference laboratory. The parameters used were: weight variation, assay and uniformity of dosage units. An analytical high pressure liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated. The results approved the formulations for the analyses of weight variation and dosage. However, the formulations was reproved for the analysis of uniformity of dosage units. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6875 Articulo Healing activity and pre-clinical toxicological study of phytotherapic sanativo® Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 4 A atividade cicatrizante de ferida do Sanativo® (SAN) e os possíveis efeitos tóxicos da sua administração subcrônica foram avaliados em ratos. O SAN reduziu significativamente a área das feridas abertas no dorso dos ratos. Na toxicidade subcrônica, o SAN na dose de 1,675 g/kg reduziu significativamente o ganho de massa corporal das ratas apenas na primeira semana de administração. O SAN produziu alterações significativas pontuais nos parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos, embora dentro da faixa de referência para espécie. A análise histológica dos tecidos não mostrou alteração. Em conclusão, o Sanativo® possui significativa propriedade cicatrizante no modelo avaliado e baixa toxicidade em ratos Wistar.; The wound healing activity of phytotherapic Sanativo®(SAN) and the possible hazard effects of the subchronic administration of SAN were evaluated in rats. SAN induced significant decrease in the area of the open wound in the rat dorsum. In the sub-chronic toxicity studies, SAN in doses of 1,675 g/kg, decreased the gain in body mass, but this was significant only in the first week of administration. SAN produced only a few significant alterations in the hematological and biochemical parameters, although without dose-response correlation and were within the parameters of this species. The histological analysis of the tissues did not show changes. In conclusion, Sanativo ® possesses significant healing property in the open wound model and low toxicity in Wistar rats. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6875 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z A atividade cicatrizante de ferida do Sanativo® (SAN) e os possíveis efeitos tóxicos da sua administração subcrônica foram avaliados em ratos. O SAN reduziu significativamente a área das feridas abertas no dorso dos ratos. Na toxicidade subcrônica, o SAN na dose de 1,675 g/kg reduziu significativamente o ganho de massa corporal das ratas apenas na primeira semana de administração. O SAN produziu alterações significativas pontuais nos parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos, embora dentro da faixa de referência para espécie. A análise histológica dos tecidos não mostrou alteração. Em conclusão, o Sanativo® possui significativa propriedade cicatrizante no modelo avaliado e baixa toxicidade em ratos Wistar. The wound healing activity of phytotherapic Sanativo®(SAN) and the possible hazard effects of the subchronic administration of SAN were evaluated in rats. SAN induced significant decrease in the area of the open wound in the rat dorsum. In the sub-chronic toxicity studies, SAN in doses of 1,675 g/kg, decreased the gain in body mass, but this was significant only in the first week of administration. SAN produced only a few significant alterations in the hematological and biochemical parameters, although without dose-response correlation and were within the parameters of this species. The histological analysis of the tissues did not show changes. In conclusion, Sanativo ® possesses significant healing property in the open wound model and low toxicity in Wistar rats. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6874 Articulo Multiparticulate systems of pectin-chitosan: study of swelling and drug release Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 4 El objetivo de este estudio fue preparar sistemas multiparticulados de pectina: quitosano (PC:CS) y evaluar el comportamiento del hinchamiento y la liberación de la droga en diversos ambientes. Las partículas de PC:CS contiendo triamcinolona fueron preparadas mediante el método de coacervación compleja en un ambiente acuoso. La proporción del polímero, la concentración del calcio y el tiempo del contacto de las cápsulas con la dispersión del quitosano para la formación de las partículas y las estructuras obtenidas fueron analizados. Los sistemas fueron caracterizados en lo referente a morfología, a tamaño, al hinchamiento y al comportamiento de liberación de la droga. La metodología usada permitió la producción de partículas esféricas con la gama estrecha de la distribución de tamaño. La eficacia del encapsulación para la triamcinolona fue 84,31 ± 4,39. Fue observado que las partículas presentan un cociente relativamente bajo de hinchamiento en medio ácido y un cociente mayor de hinchamiento en medio entérico. El perfil del liberación fue dependiente del pH y se puede relacionar con el cociente de hinchamiento.; The aim of this study was to prepare multiparticulate systems of pectin:chitosan (PC:CS) and to evaluate their swelling ratio and the drug release in different environments. PC:CS particles containing triamcinolone were prepared by a complex coacervation/ionotropic gelation method in aqueous environment. The polymer ratio, the calcium concentration and the contact time of the capsules with chitosan dispersion for particles formation and the structures obtained were analyzed. The systems were characterized in relation to morphology, size, swelling, and drug release behavior. The methodology used allowed the production of spherical particles with narrow range of size distribution. The entrapment efficiency for triamcinolone was 84.31 ± 4.39. It was observed that the particles present a relatively low swelling ratio in acidic medium and a larger swelling ratio in enteric medium. The release profile was dependent on pH and can be related with the swelling ratio.; El objetivo de este estudio fue preparar sistemas multiparticulados de pectina:quitosano (PC:CS) y evaluar el comportamiento del hinchamiento y la liberación de la droga en diversos ambientes. Las partículas de PC:CS contiendo triamcinolona fueron preparadas mediante el método de coacervación compleja en un ambiente acuoso. La proporción del polímero, la concentración del calcio y el tiempo del contacto de las cápsulas con la dispersión del quitosano para la formación de las partículas y las estructuras obtenidas fueron analizados. Los sistemas fueron caracterizados en lo referente a morfología, a tamaño, al hinchamiento y al comportamiento de liberación de la droga. La metodología usada permitió la producción de partículas esféricas con la gama estrecha de la distribución de tamaño. La eficacia del encapsulación para la triamcinolona fue 84,31 ± 4,39. Fue observado que las partículas presentan un cociente relativamente bajo de hinchamiento en medio ácido y un cociente mayor de hinchamiento en medio entérico. El perfil del liberación fue dependiente del pH y se puede relacionar con el cociente de hinchamiento. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6874 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z El objetivo de este estudio fue preparar sistemas multiparticulados de pectina: quitosano (PC:CS) y evaluar el comportamiento del hinchamiento y la liberación de la droga en diversos ambientes. Las partículas de PC:CS contiendo triamcinolona fueron preparadas mediante el método de coacervación compleja en un ambiente acuoso. La proporción del polímero, la concentración del calcio y el tiempo del contacto de las cápsulas con la dispersión del quitosano para la formación de las partículas y las estructuras obtenidas fueron analizados. Los sistemas fueron caracterizados en lo referente a morfología, a tamaño, al hinchamiento y al comportamiento de liberación de la droga. La metodología usada permitió la producción de partículas esféricas con la gama estrecha de la distribución de tamaño. La eficacia del encapsulación para la triamcinolona fue 84,31 ± 4,39. Fue observado que las partículas presentan un cociente relativamente bajo de hinchamiento en medio ácido y un cociente mayor de hinchamiento en medio entérico. El perfil del liberación fue dependiente del pH y se puede relacionar con el cociente de hinchamiento. The aim of this study was to prepare multiparticulate systems of pectin:chitosan (PC:CS) and to evaluate their swelling ratio and the drug release in different environments. PC:CS particles containing triamcinolone were prepared by a complex coacervation/ionotropic gelation method in aqueous environment. The polymer ratio, the calcium concentration and the contact time of the capsules with chitosan dispersion for particles formation and the structures obtained were analyzed. The systems were characterized in relation to morphology, size, swelling, and drug release behavior. The methodology used allowed the production of spherical particles with narrow range of size distribution. The entrapment efficiency for triamcinolone was 84.31 ± 4.39. It was observed that the particles present a relatively low swelling ratio in acidic medium and a larger swelling ratio in enteric medium. The release profile was dependent on pH and can be related with the swelling ratio. El objetivo de este estudio fue preparar sistemas multiparticulados de pectina:quitosano (PC:CS) y evaluar el comportamiento del hinchamiento y la liberación de la droga en diversos ambientes. Las partículas de PC:CS contiendo triamcinolona fueron preparadas mediante el método de coacervación compleja en un ambiente acuoso. La proporción del polímero, la concentración del calcio y el tiempo del contacto de las cápsulas con la dispersión del quitosano para la formación de las partículas y las estructuras obtenidas fueron analizados. Los sistemas fueron caracterizados en lo referente a morfología, a tamaño, al hinchamiento y al comportamiento de liberación de la droga. La metodología usada permitió la producción de partículas esféricas con la gama estrecha de la distribución de tamaño. La eficacia del encapsulación para la triamcinolona fue 84,31 ± 4,39. Fue observado que las partículas presentan un cociente relativamente bajo de hinchamiento en medio ácido y un cociente mayor de hinchamiento en medio entérico. El perfil del liberación fue dependiente del pH y se puede relacionar con el cociente de hinchamiento. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6873 Articulo Preparation of meningococcal group A Polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate and their immunogenicity in mice Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 4 El desarrollo de las vacunas conjugadas para Haemophilus influenzae tipo b, ha demostrado ser eficaz en infantes y en niños pequeños y ha sentado las bases para el desarrollo de vacunas conjugadas dirigidas contra otras enfermedades. En este trabajo nosotros describimos la obtención, por un nuevo mé todo, de un conjugado de polisacárido de meningococo grupo A (PsA) y toxoide tetánico (TT) como proteína portadora, así como la evaluación de la respuesta inmune de este conjugado en ratones Balb/c. Los grupos aminos generados por hidrólisis básica en el PsA fueron unidos a los grupos carboxilos del TT, por medio de la reacción con carbodiímida. El conjugado obtenido indujo una respuesta de IgG anti-PsA y de subclases de IgG (IgG1, IgG2a) anti-PsA en los sueros de ratones inmunizados. Además, se observó la producción de IFNγ por células de bazo de ratones inmunizados con conjugados. Estos resultados constituyen una evidencia del cambio de tipo de respuesta inmune, de timo-independiente a timo-dependiente, del polisacárido una vez conjugado.; The development of polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines for Haemophilus influenzae type b, which have proven to be efficacious in infants and young children, has led to active development by a number of investigators of conjugate vaccines for other diseases. We describe here the obtention, by a new method, of a conjugate containing meningococcal group A polysaccharide (PsA) and tetanus toxoid (TT) as a carrier protein and the immune response evaluation in Balb/c mice. Amine groups generated by basic hydrolysis in PsA were successfully conjugated to carboxyl groups of tetanus toxoid (TT), using carbodiimide-mediated coupling. The conjugate induced anti-PsA IgG response and anti-PsA IgG subclasses (IgG1, IgG2a) in sera of immunized mice. In addition, the production of IFNγ by spleen cell of mice immunized with conjugate was observed. These results indicate that the conjugate changed the polysaccharide immune response from a thymus independent to a thymus dependent response. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6873 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z El desarrollo de las vacunas conjugadas para Haemophilus influenzae tipo b, ha demostrado ser eficaz en infantes y en niños pequeños y ha sentado las bases para el desarrollo de vacunas conjugadas dirigidas contra otras enfermedades. En este trabajo nosotros describimos la obtención, por un nuevo mé todo, de un conjugado de polisacárido de meningococo grupo A (PsA) y toxoide tetánico (TT) como proteína portadora, así como la evaluación de la respuesta inmune de este conjugado en ratones Balb/c. Los grupos aminos generados por hidrólisis básica en el PsA fueron unidos a los grupos carboxilos del TT, por medio de la reacción con carbodiímida. El conjugado obtenido indujo una respuesta de IgG anti-PsA y de subclases de IgG (IgG1, IgG2a) anti-PsA en los sueros de ratones inmunizados. Además, se observó la producción de IFNγ por células de bazo de ratones inmunizados con conjugados. Estos resultados constituyen una evidencia del cambio de tipo de respuesta inmune, de timo-independiente a timo-dependiente, del polisacárido una vez conjugado. The development of polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines for Haemophilus influenzae type b, which have proven to be efficacious in infants and young children, has led to active development by a number of investigators of conjugate vaccines for other diseases. We describe here the obtention, by a new method, of a conjugate containing meningococcal group A polysaccharide (PsA) and tetanus toxoid (TT) as a carrier protein and the immune response evaluation in Balb/c mice. Amine groups generated by basic hydrolysis in PsA were successfully conjugated to carboxyl groups of tetanus toxoid (TT), using carbodiimide-mediated coupling. The conjugate induced anti-PsA IgG response and anti-PsA IgG subclasses (IgG1, IgG2a) in sera of immunized mice. In addition, the production of IFNγ by spleen cell of mice immunized with conjugate was observed. These results indicate that the conjugate changed the polysaccharide immune response from a thymus independent to a thymus dependent response. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6872 Articulo Foliar morphology and anatomy of yacón, Smallanthus Sonchifolius (Asteraceae), with quality control aims Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 4 Se determinaron caracteres con valor diagnóstico en hojas maduras de plantas de Smallanthus sonchifolius para el control de calidad. Estas hojas son empleadas como té con fines medicinales. La lámina de la hoja de S. sonchifolius presenta los siguientes caracteres con valor diagnóstico: ápice acuminado, base truncada a sagitada, margen dentado-serrado con seriación compuesta; venación primaria acródroma y venación secundaria camptódroma broquidódroma, estomas anomocíticos, células epidérmicas con paredes anticlinales sinuosas, células de empalizada en forma de H, tricomas glandulares, eglandulares, estructura de la vena primaria con colénquima subepidérmico adaxial y abaxial y presencia de conductos esquizógenos y contenidos lipídicos.; Value diagnosis characters were determined for the quality control of Smallanthus sonchifolius mature leaves, which are used as medicinal tea. The leaf blade of S. sonchifolius presents the following diagnosis characters: acuminate apex, truncate to sagittate base, denticled margin with compound seriation; acrodrome primary venation and camptodrome brochidodrome secondary venation, anomocytic stomata, epidermic cell with sinuous anticlinal walls, palisade H-shaped cells, glandular and eglandular trichomes, primary vein structure with subepidermal collenchyma, and presence of schizogenous secretory cavities and lipidic contents. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6872 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Se determinaron caracteres con valor diagnóstico en hojas maduras de plantas de Smallanthus sonchifolius para el control de calidad. Estas hojas son empleadas como té con fines medicinales. La lámina de la hoja de S. sonchifolius presenta los siguientes caracteres con valor diagnóstico: ápice acuminado, base truncada a sagitada, margen dentado-serrado con seriación compuesta; venación primaria acródroma y venación secundaria camptódroma broquidódroma, estomas anomocíticos, células epidérmicas con paredes anticlinales sinuosas, células de empalizada en forma de H, tricomas glandulares, eglandulares, estructura de la vena primaria con colénquima subepidérmico adaxial y abaxial y presencia de conductos esquizógenos y contenidos lipídicos. Value diagnosis characters were determined for the quality control of Smallanthus sonchifolius mature leaves, which are used as medicinal tea. The leaf blade of S. sonchifolius presents the following diagnosis characters: acuminate apex, truncate to sagittate base, denticled margin with compound seriation; acrodrome primary venation and camptodrome brochidodrome secondary venation, anomocytic stomata, epidermic cell with sinuous anticlinal walls, palisade H-shaped cells, glandular and eglandular trichomes, primary vein structure with subepidermal collenchyma, and presence of schizogenous secretory cavities and lipidic contents. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6871 Articulo Comparative pharmacobotanical study of the leaves of Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit. and Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. (Lamiaceae) Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense; vol. 25, no. 4 Realizou-se um estudo farmacobotânico comparativo entre Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit. e Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. O gênero Hyptis Jacq. (Lamiaceae) possui cerca de 300 espécies, com ampla distribuição, ocorrendo principalmente nas regiões tropicais das Américas e África. No Nordeste do Brasil, Hyptis pectinata e Hyptis suaveolens são empregadas na medicina popular e comercializadas pelos raizeiros e vendedores de plantas medicinais nas feiras livres da região. As análises macroscópicas e microscópicas foram realizadas com material seco, fresco, fixado e conservado em FAA (50%) e álcool a 70°, respectivamente. As duas espécies compartilham os seguintes caracteres: nervura principal da lâmina foliar, em secção transversal, com três feixes vasculares colaterais, face abaxial da epiderme, em vista frontal, com paredes celulares ondeadas, estômatos diacíticos e tricomas simples eglandulares e glandulares. Hyptis pec - tinata difere pela face adaxial da epiderme com células de paredes anticlinais poligonais e retas e o pecíolo com seis feixes vasculares. H. suaveolens possui a lâmina foliar com a epiderme de paredes anticlinais ondeadas, e o pecíolo com três feixes vasculares. A morfologia das folhas, inflorescências, flores e frutos e os caracteres anatômicos da epiderme, distribuição dos estômatos e a vascularização do pecíolo foram diagnósticos para separar as duas espécies estudadas.; This work constitutes a comparative pharmacobotanical study of Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit. and Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. The genus Hyptis Jacq. (Lamiaceae) has about 300 species with wide distribution, occurring mainly in the tropical areas of Americas and Africa. In Northeast of Brazil Hyptis pectinata and Hyptis suaveolens are used in popular medicine and are commercialized by "raizeiros" and vendors of medicinal plants in the popular markets of the region. The macroscopic and microscopic analyses were realized with fresh material, fixed in FAA and conserved in alcohol (70º). Both of the species share the following characters: three vascular bundles collateral in the midrib of the blade leaves, diacitic stomata, glandular and non glandular trichomes, cells of the epidermis with wave walls on the lower surface. Hyptis pectinata differs by the straight and polygonal anticlinal walls on the upper face, and the petiole with six vascular bundles. H. suaveolens has the blade leaves with wavy walls in both surfaces, and the petiole with three vascular bundles. The morphologies of the leaves, inflorescences, flowers and fruits, and the anatomical characters of the epidermis, stomata distribution, and the number of veins of the petiole were diagnostics characters differentiating the two species studied. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/6871 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Realizou-se um estudo farmacobotânico comparativo entre Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit. e Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. O gênero Hyptis Jacq. (Lamiaceae) possui cerca de 300 espécies, com ampla distribuição, ocorrendo principalmente nas regiões tropicais das Américas e África. No Nordeste do Brasil, Hyptis pectinata e Hyptis suaveolens são empregadas na medicina popular e comercializadas pelos raizeiros e vendedores de plantas medicinais nas feiras livres da região. As análises macroscópicas e microscópicas foram realizadas com material seco, fresco, fixado e conservado em FAA (50%) e álcool a 70°, respectivamente. As duas espécies compartilham os seguintes caracteres: nervura principal da lâmina foliar, em secção transversal, com três feixes vasculares colaterais, face abaxial da epiderme, em vista frontal, com paredes celulares ondeadas, estômatos diacíticos e tricomas simples eglandulares e glandulares. Hyptis pec - tinata difere pela face adaxial da epiderme com células de paredes anticlinais poligonais e retas e o pecíolo com seis feixes vasculares. H. suaveolens possui a lâmina foliar com a epiderme de paredes anticlinais ondeadas, e o pecíolo com três feixes vasculares. A morfologia das folhas, inflorescências, flores e frutos e os caracteres anatômicos da epiderme, distribuição dos estômatos e a vascularização do pecíolo foram diagnósticos para separar as duas espécies estudadas. This work constitutes a comparative pharmacobotanical study of Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit. and Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. The genus Hyptis Jacq. (Lamiaceae) has about 300 species with wide distribution, occurring mainly in the tropical areas of Americas and Africa. In Northeast of Brazil Hyptis pectinata and Hyptis suaveolens are used in popular medicine and are commercialized by "raizeiros" and vendors of medicinal plants in the popular markets of the region. The macroscopic and microscopic analyses were realized with fresh material, fixed in FAA and conserved in alcohol (70º). Both of the species share the following characters: three vascular bundles collateral in the midrib of the blade leaves, diacitic stomata, glandular and non glandular trichomes, cells of the epidermis with wave walls on the lower surface. Hyptis pectinata differs by the straight and polygonal anticlinal walls on the upper face, and the petiole with six vascular bundles. H. suaveolens has the blade leaves with wavy walls in both surfaces, and the petiole with three vascular bundles. The morphologies of the leaves, inflorescences, flowers and fruits, and the anatomical characters of the epidermis, stomata distribution, and the number of veins of the petiole were diagnostics characters differentiating the two species studied.