http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/220 Sun, 15 Nov 2026 08:10:14 GMT 2026-11-15T08:10:14Z http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7741 Articulo Metal products used in cosmetic field for the treatment of diaper dermatitis Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 28, no. 1 A dermatite de fraldas é uma erupção predominantemente eritrematosa, frequentemente transitória. Sua incidência varia entre as populações, no entanto, é uma condição comum e a mais freqüente doença em crianças entre 0 e 2 anos de idade. O zinco, presente em todos os tecidos, órgãos e fluidos do corpo, é co-fator de numerosas metaloproteínas necessárias às células e a deficiência deste mineral gera vários distúrbios de pele. Existem inúmeros produtos contendo zinco. Alguns combinam óxido de zinco com nistatina e formulações mais modernas associam ainda ativos com outras propriedades protetoras como auxílio ao tratamento. O objetivo deste artigo de revisão é descrever os mais recentes avanços em dermatite de fraldas. Sua etiopatogenia e diagnóstico assim como vários aspectos relacionados ao seu tratamento e profilaxia também serão discutidos. No final, as perspectivas acerca de novos tratamentos para tal patologia serão sugeridas.; The diaper dermatitis is a predominantly erythematous rash, often impermanent. Despite its incidence among populations, diaper dermatitis remains a common condition and the most frequent disease in children aged between 0 and 2 years. The zinc, presented in all tissues, organs and fluids of the body, is a co-factor of many metal-protein, which is necessary for the cells. Its deficiency generates skin disorders. There are several zinc containing products. Some of these products combine zinc oxide formulations with nystatin and, more recently, some agents with protective properties that help with the dermatitis treatment. The aim of this review was to describe an update about the subject of diaper dermatitis, its etiopathology and diagnosis, and several concerns about its treatment and prophilaxis. At the end, a perspective about new treatments was suggested. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7741 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z A dermatite de fraldas é uma erupção predominantemente eritrematosa, frequentemente transitória. Sua incidência varia entre as populações, no entanto, é uma condição comum e a mais freqüente doença em crianças entre 0 e 2 anos de idade. O zinco, presente em todos os tecidos, órgãos e fluidos do corpo, é co-fator de numerosas metaloproteínas necessárias às células e a deficiência deste mineral gera vários distúrbios de pele. Existem inúmeros produtos contendo zinco. Alguns combinam óxido de zinco com nistatina e formulações mais modernas associam ainda ativos com outras propriedades protetoras como auxílio ao tratamento. O objetivo deste artigo de revisão é descrever os mais recentes avanços em dermatite de fraldas. Sua etiopatogenia e diagnóstico assim como vários aspectos relacionados ao seu tratamento e profilaxia também serão discutidos. No final, as perspectivas acerca de novos tratamentos para tal patologia serão sugeridas. The diaper dermatitis is a predominantly erythematous rash, often impermanent. Despite its incidence among populations, diaper dermatitis remains a common condition and the most frequent disease in children aged between 0 and 2 years. The zinc, presented in all tissues, organs and fluids of the body, is a co-factor of many metal-protein, which is necessary for the cells. Its deficiency generates skin disorders. There are several zinc containing products. Some of these products combine zinc oxide formulations with nystatin and, more recently, some agents with protective properties that help with the dermatitis treatment. The aim of this review was to describe an update about the subject of diaper dermatitis, its etiopathology and diagnosis, and several concerns about its treatment and prophilaxis. At the end, a perspective about new treatments was suggested. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7740 Articulo Virtual Screening: an efficient tool for the development of new drugs in Latin America Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 28, no. 1 El universo de estructuras químicas teóricas sintéticamente accesibles se calcula actualmente en 10100 compuestos. La Química Medicinal y la Industria Farmacéutica internacional en particular, ante la necesidad de aportar nuevos fármacos, han desarrollado herramientas para explorar ese universo virtualmente infinito de compuestos químicos conocidos. Entre esas herramientas encontramos el Screening Virtual (SV), definido como un conjunto de técnicas computacionales orientadas a seleccionar, de entre grandes bases de datos de compuestos químicos, aquellos que presenten mayor probabilidad de poseer una actividad biológica específica al tiempo que reúnen las características estructurales necesarias para exhibir un perfil farmacocinético adecuado. En esta revisión se describirán las distintas técnicas conocidas de SV, con sus ventajas y desventajas asociadas, dando algunos ejemplos de aplicaciones exitosas recientes y discutiendo las posibilidades de la aplicación de esta metodología en América Latina.; At present day, the universe of chemical structures synthetically accessible is estimated in 10100 compounds. Medicinal Chemistry and international pharmaceutical industry have developed tools to explore, in an efficient manner, that virtually infinite universe of known chemical entities. Among these tools we can find, defined as a set of computational techniques aimed to select, from large databases of chemical compounds, those which present the highest probability of having a specific biological activity and at the same time gather the minimal structural features to exhibit an adequate pharmacokinetic profile. In this review we will describe the different methodologies known as Virtual Screeing (VS), with their associated advantages and disadvantages, giving some examples of recent successful applications and discussing the possibilities of the application of this methodology in Latin America. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7740 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z El universo de estructuras químicas teóricas sintéticamente accesibles se calcula actualmente en 10100 compuestos. La Química Medicinal y la Industria Farmacéutica internacional en particular, ante la necesidad de aportar nuevos fármacos, han desarrollado herramientas para explorar ese universo virtualmente infinito de compuestos químicos conocidos. Entre esas herramientas encontramos el Screening Virtual (SV), definido como un conjunto de técnicas computacionales orientadas a seleccionar, de entre grandes bases de datos de compuestos químicos, aquellos que presenten mayor probabilidad de poseer una actividad biológica específica al tiempo que reúnen las características estructurales necesarias para exhibir un perfil farmacocinético adecuado. En esta revisión se describirán las distintas técnicas conocidas de SV, con sus ventajas y desventajas asociadas, dando algunos ejemplos de aplicaciones exitosas recientes y discutiendo las posibilidades de la aplicación de esta metodología en América Latina. At present day, the universe of chemical structures synthetically accessible is estimated in 10100 compounds. Medicinal Chemistry and international pharmaceutical industry have developed tools to explore, in an efficient manner, that virtually infinite universe of known chemical entities. Among these tools we can find, defined as a set of computational techniques aimed to select, from large databases of chemical compounds, those which present the highest probability of having a specific biological activity and at the same time gather the minimal structural features to exhibit an adequate pharmacokinetic profile. In this review we will describe the different methodologies known as Virtual Screeing (VS), with their associated advantages and disadvantages, giving some examples of recent successful applications and discussing the possibilities of the application of this methodology in Latin America. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7739 Articulo Potentiality of microemulsions as a carrier for sunblock products?. Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 28, no. 1 Atualmente, muito se tem discutido nos campos farmacêutico e dermocosmético sobre os riscos da exposição exagerada às radiações UVA e UVB. Neste contexto, a fotoproteção assume papel fundamental na manutenção da saúde do tecido cutâneo. Este artigo de revisão trata deste tema com profundidade. Inicialmente serão abordados os aspectos teóricos relacionados a radiação solar. Em seguida, um enfoque tecnológico no desenvolvimento de fotoprotetores é discutido. Ao final, a viabilidade de sistemas microemulsionados como possível carreador para fotoprotetores é estudada. Após uma abordagem teórica de tais sistemas, sua aplicabilidade como veículos nanotecnológicos a serem aplicados a dermocosmética é brevemente discutida. Concluindo, as perspectivas de tais novos produtos são pontuadas mostrando as potencialidades destes no mercado de filtros solares físicos.; The human solar exposition at UVA and UVB radiation is a subject strongly studied in the pharmaceutical and dermocosmetical field. The dermal protection became, therefore, a main subject of study because of its importance on the health of cutaneous tissue. This review deals with such problem. First, the theoretical aspects related with solar irradiation will be discussed. Then, the technological approach about the development of sunscreen products is mentioned. Finally, the viability of microemulsified systems as carriers for sunscreen agents is studied. After a discussion about the theoretical potentialities of such systems, its applicability as nano-carriers for dermocosmetic products is briefly pointed out. Concluding, an approach about the perspectives of such new products is made, revealing their potentialities in the market of sunscreen products Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7739 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z Atualmente, muito se tem discutido nos campos farmacêutico e dermocosmético sobre os riscos da exposição exagerada às radiações UVA e UVB. Neste contexto, a fotoproteção assume papel fundamental na manutenção da saúde do tecido cutâneo. Este artigo de revisão trata deste tema com profundidade. Inicialmente serão abordados os aspectos teóricos relacionados a radiação solar. Em seguida, um enfoque tecnológico no desenvolvimento de fotoprotetores é discutido. Ao final, a viabilidade de sistemas microemulsionados como possível carreador para fotoprotetores é estudada. Após uma abordagem teórica de tais sistemas, sua aplicabilidade como veículos nanotecnológicos a serem aplicados a dermocosmética é brevemente discutida. Concluindo, as perspectivas de tais novos produtos são pontuadas mostrando as potencialidades destes no mercado de filtros solares físicos. The human solar exposition at UVA and UVB radiation is a subject strongly studied in the pharmaceutical and dermocosmetical field. The dermal protection became, therefore, a main subject of study because of its importance on the health of cutaneous tissue. This review deals with such problem. First, the theoretical aspects related with solar irradiation will be discussed. Then, the technological approach about the development of sunscreen products is mentioned. Finally, the viability of microemulsified systems as carriers for sunscreen agents is studied. After a discussion about the theoretical potentialities of such systems, its applicability as nano-carriers for dermocosmetic products is briefly pointed out. Concluding, an approach about the perspectives of such new products is made, revealing their potentialities in the market of sunscreen products http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7738 Articulo Polymeric nanoparticles in topical ocular administration of drugs Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 28, no. 1 O tratamento farmacológico de patologias oculares é conduzido pelas vias de administração sistêmica e local. A via sistêmica apresenta limitações relacionadas à concentração do princípio ativo nos tecidos oculares, enquanto a biodisponibilidade dos fármacos oftálmicos é afetada pelos eficientes mecanismos de proteção do olho a partir da aplicação tópica. Desta forma, a administração de nanopartículas poliméricas na superfície ocular tem sido alvo de intensas pesquisas nos últimos anos, com intuito de aumentar as oportunidades de absorção corneal. Nesse sentido, os resultados provenientes dos diferentes estudos são citados, especialmente, as formulações com as características superficiais modificadas, que apontam para novas perspectivas no campo da terapia tópica ocular.O tratamento farmacológico de patologias oculares é conduzido pelas vias de administração sistêmica e local. A via sistêmica apresenta limitações relacionadas à concentração do princípio ativo nos tecidos oculares, enquanto a biodisponibilidade dos fármacos oftálmicos é afetada pelos eficientes mecanismos de proteção do olho a partir da aplicação tópica. Desta forma, a administração de nanopartículas poliméricas na superfície ocular tem sido alvo de intensas pesquisas nos últimos anos, com intuito de aumentar as oportunidades de absorção corneal. Nesse sentido, os resultados provenientes dos diferentes estudos são citados, especialmente, as formulações com as características superficiais modificadas, que apontam para novas perspectivas no campo da terapia tópica ocular.; The pharmacological treatment of eye diseases is conducted through the systemic and topical administration. The systemic administration presents limitation about the drug concentration in ocular tissue, while the bioavailability of ophthalmic drugs is affected by efficient mechanisms to protect the eye from the topical application. Thus, the administration of polymeric nanoparticles on the surface eye has been the subject of intense research in recent years, in order to increase opportunities for corneal absorption. Accordingly, the results of different studies are cited, in particular, the formulations with the modified surface characteristics, indicate new prospects in the field of topical therapy eye.; O tratamento farmacológico de patologias oculares é conduzido pelas vias de administração sistêmica e local. A via sistêmica apresenta limitações relacionadas à concentração do princípio ativo nos tecidos oculares, enquanto a biodisponibilidade dos fármacos oftálmicos é afetada pelos eficientes mecanismos de proteção do olho a partir da aplicação tópica. Desta forma, a administração de nanopartículas poliméricas na superfície ocular tem sido alvo de intensas pesquisas nos últimos anos, com intuito de aumentar as oportunidades de absorção corneal. Nesse sentido, os resultados provenientes dos diferentes estudos são citados, especialmente, as formulações com as características superficiais modificadas, que apontam para novas perspectivas no campo da terapia tópica ocular. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7738 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z O tratamento farmacológico de patologias oculares é conduzido pelas vias de administração sistêmica e local. A via sistêmica apresenta limitações relacionadas à concentração do princípio ativo nos tecidos oculares, enquanto a biodisponibilidade dos fármacos oftálmicos é afetada pelos eficientes mecanismos de proteção do olho a partir da aplicação tópica. Desta forma, a administração de nanopartículas poliméricas na superfície ocular tem sido alvo de intensas pesquisas nos últimos anos, com intuito de aumentar as oportunidades de absorção corneal. Nesse sentido, os resultados provenientes dos diferentes estudos são citados, especialmente, as formulações com as características superficiais modificadas, que apontam para novas perspectivas no campo da terapia tópica ocular.O tratamento farmacológico de patologias oculares é conduzido pelas vias de administração sistêmica e local. A via sistêmica apresenta limitações relacionadas à concentração do princípio ativo nos tecidos oculares, enquanto a biodisponibilidade dos fármacos oftálmicos é afetada pelos eficientes mecanismos de proteção do olho a partir da aplicação tópica. Desta forma, a administração de nanopartículas poliméricas na superfície ocular tem sido alvo de intensas pesquisas nos últimos anos, com intuito de aumentar as oportunidades de absorção corneal. Nesse sentido, os resultados provenientes dos diferentes estudos são citados, especialmente, as formulações com as características superficiais modificadas, que apontam para novas perspectivas no campo da terapia tópica ocular. The pharmacological treatment of eye diseases is conducted through the systemic and topical administration. The systemic administration presents limitation about the drug concentration in ocular tissue, while the bioavailability of ophthalmic drugs is affected by efficient mechanisms to protect the eye from the topical application. Thus, the administration of polymeric nanoparticles on the surface eye has been the subject of intense research in recent years, in order to increase opportunities for corneal absorption. Accordingly, the results of different studies are cited, in particular, the formulations with the modified surface characteristics, indicate new prospects in the field of topical therapy eye. O tratamento farmacológico de patologias oculares é conduzido pelas vias de administração sistêmica e local. A via sistêmica apresenta limitações relacionadas à concentração do princípio ativo nos tecidos oculares, enquanto a biodisponibilidade dos fármacos oftálmicos é afetada pelos eficientes mecanismos de proteção do olho a partir da aplicação tópica. Desta forma, a administração de nanopartículas poliméricas na superfície ocular tem sido alvo de intensas pesquisas nos últimos anos, com intuito de aumentar as oportunidades de absorção corneal. Nesse sentido, os resultados provenientes dos diferentes estudos são citados, especialmente, as formulações com as características superficiais modificadas, que apontam para novas perspectivas no campo da terapia tópica ocular. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7737 Articulo Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 28, no. 1 Fractionation of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction from the ethanol extract of the leaves of Scutia buxifolia (Rhamnaceae) led to the isolation of quercetin, quercetin 3-0-rhamnoside (quercitrin), quercetin 3-0-glucoside (isoquercitrin) and rutin. The structures of the isolates were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data and analyzed for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The isolated compounds are reported for the first time to the species S. buxifolia. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7737 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z Fractionation of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction from the ethanol extract of the leaves of Scutia buxifolia (Rhamnaceae) led to the isolation of quercetin, quercetin 3-0-rhamnoside (quercitrin), quercetin 3-0-glucoside (isoquercitrin) and rutin. The structures of the isolates were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data and analyzed for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The isolated compounds are reported for the first time to the species S. buxifolia. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7736 Articulo Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 28, no. 1 The aim of this work is evaluate the influence of extractives parameters on tannin content of solutions obtained from leaves of P. guajava and the antimicrobial activity of the best extract solution. The type of extraction, drug proportion and alcohol concentration were studied following a factorial design and the responses evaluated were tannin content and dry residue. The tannins content was assayed by spectrophotometric method at 271nm using casein as precipitant agent and the dry residue was determined by gravimetric method. The statistical analysis demonstrated that only the alcohol concentrations have significant influence on tannins content, but on the dry residue both factors (drug and alcohol proportion) were important. In accordance of the results, the best extractive method was decoction on reflux during 15 min using alcohol concentration 50 % (v/v) as solvent and this extract solution shows a promising antimicrobial activity. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7736 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z The aim of this work is evaluate the influence of extractives parameters on tannin content of solutions obtained from leaves of P. guajava and the antimicrobial activity of the best extract solution. The type of extraction, drug proportion and alcohol concentration were studied following a factorial design and the responses evaluated were tannin content and dry residue. The tannins content was assayed by spectrophotometric method at 271nm using casein as precipitant agent and the dry residue was determined by gravimetric method. The statistical analysis demonstrated that only the alcohol concentrations have significant influence on tannins content, but on the dry residue both factors (drug and alcohol proportion) were important. In accordance of the results, the best extractive method was decoction on reflux during 15 min using alcohol concentration 50 % (v/v) as solvent and this extract solution shows a promising antimicrobial activity. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7735 Articulo Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 28, no. 1 Insulin resistance is associated with a defect in protein tyrosine phosphorylation in the insulin signal transduction cascade. PTPase enzyme dephosphorylates the active form of insulin receptor and thus attenuates its tyrosine kinase activity, therefore the need of a potent PTPase inhibitor is the reason for the present Quantitative Structure-Activity relationship (QSAR) was performed. QSAR has been established on a series of compounds of novel benzofuran biphenyl/naphthalene's analogs using SYSTAT (Version 7.0) software, for their protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase-1B) inhibitor activity, in order to understand the essential structural requirement for binding with the receptor. Among several 2D QSAR models, one for a series was selected on the basis of high correlation coefficient, least standard deviation, & high value of significance for maximum no. of subject was considered. The interpreted data signify the essentiality of hydrophobic character at X in the designing of the new PTPase -1B inhibitors of naphthalene analogs but not in biphenyl derivatives as shown in earlier result. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7735 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z Insulin resistance is associated with a defect in protein tyrosine phosphorylation in the insulin signal transduction cascade. PTPase enzyme dephosphorylates the active form of insulin receptor and thus attenuates its tyrosine kinase activity, therefore the need of a potent PTPase inhibitor is the reason for the present Quantitative Structure-Activity relationship (QSAR) was performed. QSAR has been established on a series of compounds of novel benzofuran biphenyl/naphthalene's analogs using SYSTAT (Version 7.0) software, for their protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase-1B) inhibitor activity, in order to understand the essential structural requirement for binding with the receptor. Among several 2D QSAR models, one for a series was selected on the basis of high correlation coefficient, least standard deviation, & high value of significance for maximum no. of subject was considered. The interpreted data signify the essentiality of hydrophobic character at X in the designing of the new PTPase -1B inhibitors of naphthalene analogs but not in biphenyl derivatives as shown in earlier result. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7734 Articulo Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 28, no. 1 A simple capillary zone electrophoresis method was applied in order to investigate the degradation of olmesartan medoxomil in basic pHs. A kinetic approach was performed to enlighten its degradation process. Olmesartan medoxomil, solved in acetonitrile and diluted with 30 mM phosphate buffer, was injected six times within five hours by using running electrolytes of different pHs (30 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.5, 8.0 and 8.5). A fused silica capillary (i.d. 50.0 μm, total length 48.5 cm and effective length 40.0 cm) was employed for the analysis. The separation and best peak shape was achieved by applying 30 kV voltage at 30 °C capillary temperature. A diode array detector was used at 210 nm wavelength. Diflunisal was the internal standard. It was clarified that the degradation of olmesartan medoxomil progresses with a first order reaction kinetic. For pH 7.5, 8.0, and 8.5 the first order kinetic constants (k) were found to be 0.042, 0.092, and 0.171 respectively. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7734 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z A simple capillary zone electrophoresis method was applied in order to investigate the degradation of olmesartan medoxomil in basic pHs. A kinetic approach was performed to enlighten its degradation process. Olmesartan medoxomil, solved in acetonitrile and diluted with 30 mM phosphate buffer, was injected six times within five hours by using running electrolytes of different pHs (30 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.5, 8.0 and 8.5). A fused silica capillary (i.d. 50.0 μm, total length 48.5 cm and effective length 40.0 cm) was employed for the analysis. The separation and best peak shape was achieved by applying 30 kV voltage at 30 °C capillary temperature. A diode array detector was used at 210 nm wavelength. Diflunisal was the internal standard. It was clarified that the degradation of olmesartan medoxomil progresses with a first order reaction kinetic. For pH 7.5, 8.0, and 8.5 the first order kinetic constants (k) were found to be 0.042, 0.092, and 0.171 respectively. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7733 Articulo Morphological and anatomical study of leaf and stem of Piper arboreum Aubl (Piperaceae) Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 28, no. 1 The genus Piper L. includes a great number of medicinal interest species. P. arboreum is frequent in forests of Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil. Its leaves and stem are analyzed morphologic and anatomically, freehand sectioned in cross-section and longitudinal section, and were stained in astra blue and safranin. Petiole and midrib base present 15-20 vascular bundles. The blade is hypostomatic, dorsiventral and shows staurocytic stomatal complex, subepidermis and oil idioblasts. The stem possesses medullary vascular bundles; a typical endodermis is not observed, as it occurs in other Piper species.; Piper L. inclui grande número de espécies de interesse medicinal. Piper arboreum Aubl. é frequente em matas de Maringá, Paraná, cujas folhas e caule são analisados morfológica e anatomicamente. O material botânico dessa espécie foi seccionado à mão livre, transversal e longitudinalmente, e corado com azul de astra e safranina. O pecíolo e base da nervura central apresentam 15-20 feixes vasculares. A lâmina foliar é hipostomática, dorsiventral e mostra complexo estomático estaurocítico, subepiderme e idioblastos oleíferos. O caule possui feixes vasculares medulares e não se observa endoderme típica como ocorre em outras espécies de Piper. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7733 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z The genus Piper L. includes a great number of medicinal interest species. P. arboreum is frequent in forests of Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil. Its leaves and stem are analyzed morphologic and anatomically, freehand sectioned in cross-section and longitudinal section, and were stained in astra blue and safranin. Petiole and midrib base present 15-20 vascular bundles. The blade is hypostomatic, dorsiventral and shows staurocytic stomatal complex, subepidermis and oil idioblasts. The stem possesses medullary vascular bundles; a typical endodermis is not observed, as it occurs in other Piper species. Piper L. inclui grande número de espécies de interesse medicinal. Piper arboreum Aubl. é frequente em matas de Maringá, Paraná, cujas folhas e caule são analisados morfológica e anatomicamente. O material botânico dessa espécie foi seccionado à mão livre, transversal e longitudinalmente, e corado com azul de astra e safranina. O pecíolo e base da nervura central apresentam 15-20 feixes vasculares. A lâmina foliar é hipostomática, dorsiventral e mostra complexo estomático estaurocítico, subepiderme e idioblastos oleíferos. O caule possui feixes vasculares medulares e não se observa endoderme típica como ocorre em outras espécies de Piper. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7732 Articulo Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 28, no. 1 Pharmacy schools across Cuba have been charged to ensure their students are adequately skilled in the principles and practices of pharmaceutical care. Despite this mandate, a large percentage of students experience insufficient opportunities to practice the activities, tasks and processes essential to pharmaceutical care. This paper presents a point of view about how pharmaceutical care should be incorporated in the curricula for improving the confidence and skills of pharmacists responding to pharmaceutical care practice taking into consideration the ethical dimension of this concept. At the same time, some ideas about this topic are presented, taking as reference, the Cuban experience in pharmaceutical care education, supported in the worldwide recognition of the Cuban Higher Education. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7732 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z Pharmacy schools across Cuba have been charged to ensure their students are adequately skilled in the principles and practices of pharmaceutical care. Despite this mandate, a large percentage of students experience insufficient opportunities to practice the activities, tasks and processes essential to pharmaceutical care. This paper presents a point of view about how pharmaceutical care should be incorporated in the curricula for improving the confidence and skills of pharmacists responding to pharmaceutical care practice taking into consideration the ethical dimension of this concept. At the same time, some ideas about this topic are presented, taking as reference, the Cuban experience in pharmaceutical care education, supported in the worldwide recognition of the Cuban Higher Education. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7731 Articulo Inclusion of the sunscreen octyl methoxycinnamate in the β-Cyclodextrin and inclusion complex purification assessment by NMR 1H?. Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 28, no. 1 O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o melhor protocolo de purificação para o complexo formado pela inclusão do p-metoxicinamato de octila (MCO) em β-ciclodextrina (β-CD). O complexo de inclusão β-ciclodextrina / p-metoxicinamato de octila (β-CD/MCO) após obtenção pelo método de kneading precisa ser purificado para retirar o MCO que não foi inserido na cavidade da β-CD durante o processo. Os testes de purificação foram realizados com soluções aquosas de metanol a 70% e 50% e etanol a 50%. Os complexos β-CD/MCO purificados foram analisados em RMN 1H. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos com o metanol a 50% pois foi a amostra cujo Δδ obteve maiores valores.; The aim of this work was to determine the best purification protocol for the complex formed by the inclusion of octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) in the β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) cavity. The β-cyclodextrin/octyl methoxycinnamate (β-CD/OMC) inclusion complex obtained needs to be purified removing the sunscreen excess not included in the β-CD cavity. The purification tests were carried out using 70 % and 50% methanol aqueous solutions and 50% ethanol aqueous solution. The purified β-CD/OMC complexes were assessed by NMR 1H. The best results were obtained by purification with 50% methanol solution as it showed higher magnitude Δδ Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7731 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o melhor protocolo de purificação para o complexo formado pela inclusão do p-metoxicinamato de octila (MCO) em β-ciclodextrina (β-CD). O complexo de inclusão β-ciclodextrina / p-metoxicinamato de octila (β-CD/MCO) após obtenção pelo método de kneading precisa ser purificado para retirar o MCO que não foi inserido na cavidade da β-CD durante o processo. Os testes de purificação foram realizados com soluções aquosas de metanol a 70% e 50% e etanol a 50%. Os complexos β-CD/MCO purificados foram analisados em RMN 1H. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos com o metanol a 50% pois foi a amostra cujo Δδ obteve maiores valores. The aim of this work was to determine the best purification protocol for the complex formed by the inclusion of octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) in the β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) cavity. The β-cyclodextrin/octyl methoxycinnamate (β-CD/OMC) inclusion complex obtained needs to be purified removing the sunscreen excess not included in the β-CD cavity. The purification tests were carried out using 70 % and 50% methanol aqueous solutions and 50% ethanol aqueous solution. The purified β-CD/OMC complexes were assessed by NMR 1H. The best results were obtained by purification with 50% methanol solution as it showed higher magnitude Δδ http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7730 Articulo Description and evaluation of the medication system of pharmacy service at an university hospital Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 28, no. 1 O conhecimento sobre o sistema de medicação hospitalar constitui uma ferramenta importante aos profissionais da saúde para garantir uma assistência responsável e segura ao paciente. Por isto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o sistema de medicação do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Foi aplicada entrevista estruturada aos farmacêuticos e auxiliares de farmácia durante os meses de maio e junho de 2007. As características do sistema descritas pelos entrevistados foram: predominância da prescrição manual; ausência de um centro de informações sobre medicamentos; uso de códigos de barras na documentação e dispensação dos medicamentos; dose individualizada por horário; ausência de um comitê formal de investigação de erros de medicação. Portanto, os resultados mostram a importância do conhecimento sobre sistema de medicação para desenvolvimento de ações com segurança, consciência, responsabilidade e eficiência.; Knowledge about the system of hospital medication is an important tool for health professionals to ensure a safe and responsible care for the patient. So, this study aimed to examine the system of medicine at the Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Structured interview has been applied to pharmacists and pharmacy assistants between May and June 2007. The characteristics of the system described by the interviewers were: predominance of manual prescription; absence of a centre of information about drugs; use of bar codes in the documentation and dispensing of medicines; individual dose by time; absence of a formal committee investigation of errors of medication. The results show the importance of knowledge about medication system for development of actions with security, conscience, responsibility and efficiency. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7730 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z O conhecimento sobre o sistema de medicação hospitalar constitui uma ferramenta importante aos profissionais da saúde para garantir uma assistência responsável e segura ao paciente. Por isto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o sistema de medicação do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Foi aplicada entrevista estruturada aos farmacêuticos e auxiliares de farmácia durante os meses de maio e junho de 2007. As características do sistema descritas pelos entrevistados foram: predominância da prescrição manual; ausência de um centro de informações sobre medicamentos; uso de códigos de barras na documentação e dispensação dos medicamentos; dose individualizada por horário; ausência de um comitê formal de investigação de erros de medicação. Portanto, os resultados mostram a importância do conhecimento sobre sistema de medicação para desenvolvimento de ações com segurança, consciência, responsabilidade e eficiência. Knowledge about the system of hospital medication is an important tool for health professionals to ensure a safe and responsible care for the patient. So, this study aimed to examine the system of medicine at the Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Structured interview has been applied to pharmacists and pharmacy assistants between May and June 2007. The characteristics of the system described by the interviewers were: predominance of manual prescription; absence of a centre of information about drugs; use of bar codes in the documentation and dispensing of medicines; individual dose by time; absence of a formal committee investigation of errors of medication. The results show the importance of knowledge about medication system for development of actions with security, conscience, responsibility and efficiency. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7729 Articulo Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 28, no. 1 In the present study, the feasibility to employ the in vitro pyrogen test (IPT) in the validation of depyrogenation process is presented. As one of the main advantages of IPT is its ability to determine pyrogen absorbed to the container surface, direct incubation of diluted whole blood with the endotoxin indicator was first attempted. It was not possible to quantify the endotoxin in control indicators due to the high content, which is discussed. However, it was possible to demonstrate that indicators subjected to the depyrogenation process were indeed pyrogen free, a quality that is difficult to assure when the LAL assay is employed in extract of indicators or medical devices. On the other hand, IPT performed as well as LAL when endotoxin was previously extracted from the indicator surface. Finally, some conditions for incubation of whole blood with the test surface and to dilute the supernatant obtained from the incubation are presented. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7729 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z In the present study, the feasibility to employ the in vitro pyrogen test (IPT) in the validation of depyrogenation process is presented. As one of the main advantages of IPT is its ability to determine pyrogen absorbed to the container surface, direct incubation of diluted whole blood with the endotoxin indicator was first attempted. It was not possible to quantify the endotoxin in control indicators due to the high content, which is discussed. However, it was possible to demonstrate that indicators subjected to the depyrogenation process were indeed pyrogen free, a quality that is difficult to assure when the LAL assay is employed in extract of indicators or medical devices. On the other hand, IPT performed as well as LAL when endotoxin was previously extracted from the indicator surface. Finally, some conditions for incubation of whole blood with the test surface and to dilute the supernatant obtained from the incubation are presented. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7728 Articulo Development and validation of an HPLC method for determination of carbamazepine in human plasma Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 28, no. 1 Se desarrolló y validó un método rápido y simple por HPLC para la determinación de carbamacepina en plasma humano. Las condiciones cromatográficas fueron: columna C-18, fase móvil acetonitrilo:metanol:acetato de amonio 0,05 M (30:10:60), flujo 1,2 ml/min y detección a 230 nm. Se utilizó nitrazepan como estándar interno. El método fue exitosamente aplicado a la determinación de los parámetros farmacocinéticos de carbamacepina en un voluntario sano. Durante la validación se evaluó linealidad, precisión, exactitud, límite de cuantificación y especificidad del método. La respuesta resultó lineal en el intervalo de concentraciones 0,075–3,00 μg/ml. La precisión fue menor del 5,0% expresada como coeficiente de variación. La exactitud fue del 83-99% y el límite de cuantificación fue de 0,075 μg/ml. Se demostró la especificidad del método respecto a la matriz biológica y a cafeína. La droga resultó estable en la matriz bajo las condiciones ensayadas. El método puede ser aplicado en estudios clínicos con voluntarios humanos sanos, como estudios farmacocinéticos o de bioequivalencia.; A rapid and simple HPLC method for determination of carbamazepine in human plasma was developed and validated. The chromatographic conditions were: C-18 column, acetonitrile/methanol/ammonium acetate 0,05 M (30/10/60) as mobile phase; flow rate 1,2 ml/min and 230 nm detection. Plasma samples were spiked with an internal standard (nitrazepam). The method was successfully applied to determine pharmacokinetics parameters in a healthy volunteer. The method was validated with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of quantification, selectivity, specificity and stability. The response was linear for the drug concentration range from 0,075 up to 3,00 μg/ml. The RSD values for precision studies were less than 5,0%. The recovery of the drug ranged between 83-99% and the limit of quantification 0,075 μg/ml. The method was specific in relation to biological matrix and to caffeine. The drug was stable in the matrix under the studied conditions. The method can be used in clinical trials with healthy human volunteers, like bioequivalence or pharmacokinetic studies. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7728 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z Se desarrolló y validó un método rápido y simple por HPLC para la determinación de carbamacepina en plasma humano. Las condiciones cromatográficas fueron: columna C-18, fase móvil acetonitrilo:metanol:acetato de amonio 0,05 M (30:10:60), flujo 1,2 ml/min y detección a 230 nm. Se utilizó nitrazepan como estándar interno. El método fue exitosamente aplicado a la determinación de los parámetros farmacocinéticos de carbamacepina en un voluntario sano. Durante la validación se evaluó linealidad, precisión, exactitud, límite de cuantificación y especificidad del método. La respuesta resultó lineal en el intervalo de concentraciones 0,075–3,00 μg/ml. La precisión fue menor del 5,0% expresada como coeficiente de variación. La exactitud fue del 83-99% y el límite de cuantificación fue de 0,075 μg/ml. Se demostró la especificidad del método respecto a la matriz biológica y a cafeína. La droga resultó estable en la matriz bajo las condiciones ensayadas. El método puede ser aplicado en estudios clínicos con voluntarios humanos sanos, como estudios farmacocinéticos o de bioequivalencia. A rapid and simple HPLC method for determination of carbamazepine in human plasma was developed and validated. The chromatographic conditions were: C-18 column, acetonitrile/methanol/ammonium acetate 0,05 M (30/10/60) as mobile phase; flow rate 1,2 ml/min and 230 nm detection. Plasma samples were spiked with an internal standard (nitrazepam). The method was successfully applied to determine pharmacokinetics parameters in a healthy volunteer. The method was validated with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of quantification, selectivity, specificity and stability. The response was linear for the drug concentration range from 0,075 up to 3,00 μg/ml. The RSD values for precision studies were less than 5,0%. The recovery of the drug ranged between 83-99% and the limit of quantification 0,075 μg/ml. The method was specific in relation to biological matrix and to caffeine. The drug was stable in the matrix under the studied conditions. The method can be used in clinical trials with healthy human volunteers, like bioequivalence or pharmacokinetic studies. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7727 Articulo Amitriptyline and Nortriptyline in Plasma: solid-phase extraction in molecularly imprinted polymers and silica octadecil for high performance liquid chromatography analysis Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 28, no. 1 As ormosílicas (sílicas organicamente modificadas) são materiais de impressão molecular (MIS) que têm surgido como sorventes mais seletivos para a extração em fase sólida (SPE). Nesta pesquisa foi avaliado o desempenho do MIS em SPE (MISPE) e da sílica octadecila (C18) SPE no preparo de amostra para a análise da amitriptilina (AMI) e nortriptilina (NOR) em plasma. Foram estabelecidas as melhores condições de uso de ambos sorventes em SPE, sendo as análises conduzidas em cromatógrafo a líquido com detector de ultravioleta. Nas condições utilizadas na síntese do MIS e de sua aplicação em MISPE, não foi verificada resposta satisfatória na análise cromatográfica dos antidepressivos, principalmente devido à baixa repetitividade dos resultados nas concentrações de interesse. Para a AMI e NOR, a extração usando SPE C18 apresentou melhores resultados e este método foi validado e aplicado na análise de amostras reais de dois pacientes tratados com AMI.; The ormosils (sílica organically modified) are molecularly imprinted materials (MIS) that have appeared as new selective sorbents for solidphase extraction (SPE). This research aimed the evaluation of the performance of MIS in SPE (MISPE) and of the silica octadecil (C18) SPE in the sample preparation for liquid chromatographic analysis of amitriptyline (AMI) and nortriptyline (NOR) in plasma. The optimization of the SPE variables were established and the analysis were performed using a HPLC system with UV detection. Under the conditions used for the synthesis of MIS and its application in MISPE, there was no satisfactory response in the chromatographic analysis of the antidepressants, mainly due to the low repeatability of the results in the concentration range of concern. For AMI and NOR, the extraction using SPE C18 offered better results and this method was validated and applied to the analysis of real samples of plasma from two patients under AMI treatment. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7727 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z As ormosílicas (sílicas organicamente modificadas) são materiais de impressão molecular (MIS) que têm surgido como sorventes mais seletivos para a extração em fase sólida (SPE). Nesta pesquisa foi avaliado o desempenho do MIS em SPE (MISPE) e da sílica octadecila (C18) SPE no preparo de amostra para a análise da amitriptilina (AMI) e nortriptilina (NOR) em plasma. Foram estabelecidas as melhores condições de uso de ambos sorventes em SPE, sendo as análises conduzidas em cromatógrafo a líquido com detector de ultravioleta. Nas condições utilizadas na síntese do MIS e de sua aplicação em MISPE, não foi verificada resposta satisfatória na análise cromatográfica dos antidepressivos, principalmente devido à baixa repetitividade dos resultados nas concentrações de interesse. Para a AMI e NOR, a extração usando SPE C18 apresentou melhores resultados e este método foi validado e aplicado na análise de amostras reais de dois pacientes tratados com AMI. The ormosils (sílica organically modified) are molecularly imprinted materials (MIS) that have appeared as new selective sorbents for solidphase extraction (SPE). This research aimed the evaluation of the performance of MIS in SPE (MISPE) and of the silica octadecil (C18) SPE in the sample preparation for liquid chromatographic analysis of amitriptyline (AMI) and nortriptyline (NOR) in plasma. The optimization of the SPE variables were established and the analysis were performed using a HPLC system with UV detection. Under the conditions used for the synthesis of MIS and its application in MISPE, there was no satisfactory response in the chromatographic analysis of the antidepressants, mainly due to the low repeatability of the results in the concentration range of concern. For AMI and NOR, the extraction using SPE C18 offered better results and this method was validated and applied to the analysis of real samples of plasma from two patients under AMI treatment. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7726 Articulo Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 28, no. 1 In the present study, the influence of polymeric concentration, its blend and drug loading dose on the in vitro drug release pattern of alfuzosin hydrochloride from its transdermal patches has been investigated. Ratio of EC and PVP and drug loading dose were selected as independent variables and their influence on the percentage drug released at 24 h (Q24), drug release rate (KH) and time taken for 50% drug release (t50%) were studied using statistical experimental designing. Ratio of EC and PVP was found to be the main influential factor for all the dependent variables studied. Drug loading dose was also found to influence the dependent variables but to a lesser extent. Physicochemical parameters of the prepared patches were also evaluated. This study could be used as a screening method for further development of transdermal delivery of alfuzosin hydrochloride and skin permeation studies. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7726 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z In the present study, the influence of polymeric concentration, its blend and drug loading dose on the in vitro drug release pattern of alfuzosin hydrochloride from its transdermal patches has been investigated. Ratio of EC and PVP and drug loading dose were selected as independent variables and their influence on the percentage drug released at 24 h (Q24), drug release rate (KH) and time taken for 50% drug release (t50%) were studied using statistical experimental designing. Ratio of EC and PVP was found to be the main influential factor for all the dependent variables studied. Drug loading dose was also found to influence the dependent variables but to a lesser extent. Physicochemical parameters of the prepared patches were also evaluated. This study could be used as a screening method for further development of transdermal delivery of alfuzosin hydrochloride and skin permeation studies. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7725 Articulo Development of a formulation of 0.01% alprazolam oral solution Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 28, no. 1 En el presente trabajó se desarrolló una solución oral que contiene alprazolam al 0,01%. Se realizó la prueba de efectividad de preservativo antimicrobiano y conteo microbiano al inicio y final del estudio. Se efectuó el estudio toxicológico del medicamento garantizando así su inocuidad y seguridad tras su uso por vía oral. A través del estudio reológico efectuado en un rotoviscosímetro, se caracterizó la solución como un cuerpo con flujo newtoniano y con una viscosidad de 9,82 ± 1,4 mPa.s. a 30,0 ± 0,1 ºC. Se elaboraron 3 lotes del medicamento y se estudió la estabilidad física-química, envasado en frasco de vidrio ámbar por 120 mL, almacenado a temperatura ambiente, y se evaluaron las características organolépticas, el pH, identificación y cuantificación del fármaco, así como la presencia de productos de degradación. Todos los resultados obtenidos cumplieron con los límites de calidad establecidos en la literatura oficial para este tipo de forma farmacéutica, por lo que arribamos a la conclusión de que el medicamento desarrollado esta correctamente formulado desde el punto de vista galénico, con un tiempo de vida útil de 24 meses almacenado bajo las condiciones estudiadas.; In the present work an oral solution containing 0.01% alprazolam was developed. Test of effectiveness of antimicrobial preservative and microbial count at the beginning and at the end of the study were carried out. The toxicological study of the medicine was also made, thus guaranteeing its harmlessness and security after its use by oral route. By means of a rheological study made with a rotoviscosimeter, the solution was characterized as a body with Newtonian flow and with a viscosity of 9.82 ± 1.4 mPa.s. to 30.0 ± 0.1 ºC. Three batches of the medicine were elaborated and the physical-chemistry stability was studied, packaged in 120 ml amber glass bottles, stored to room temperature, and the organoleptic characteristics, pH, identification and quantification of the active principle, as well as the presence of degradation products were evaluated. All the results obtained complied with the limits of quality established in the official literature for this type of pharmaceutical form, so we arrive to the conclusion that the medicine developed was correctly formulated from a galenic point of view with a useful life time of 24 months stored under the conditions studied. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7725 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z En el presente trabajó se desarrolló una solución oral que contiene alprazolam al 0,01%. Se realizó la prueba de efectividad de preservativo antimicrobiano y conteo microbiano al inicio y final del estudio. Se efectuó el estudio toxicológico del medicamento garantizando así su inocuidad y seguridad tras su uso por vía oral. A través del estudio reológico efectuado en un rotoviscosímetro, se caracterizó la solución como un cuerpo con flujo newtoniano y con una viscosidad de 9,82 ± 1,4 mPa.s. a 30,0 ± 0,1 ºC. Se elaboraron 3 lotes del medicamento y se estudió la estabilidad física-química, envasado en frasco de vidrio ámbar por 120 mL, almacenado a temperatura ambiente, y se evaluaron las características organolépticas, el pH, identificación y cuantificación del fármaco, así como la presencia de productos de degradación. Todos los resultados obtenidos cumplieron con los límites de calidad establecidos en la literatura oficial para este tipo de forma farmacéutica, por lo que arribamos a la conclusión de que el medicamento desarrollado esta correctamente formulado desde el punto de vista galénico, con un tiempo de vida útil de 24 meses almacenado bajo las condiciones estudiadas. In the present work an oral solution containing 0.01% alprazolam was developed. Test of effectiveness of antimicrobial preservative and microbial count at the beginning and at the end of the study were carried out. The toxicological study of the medicine was also made, thus guaranteeing its harmlessness and security after its use by oral route. By means of a rheological study made with a rotoviscosimeter, the solution was characterized as a body with Newtonian flow and with a viscosity of 9.82 ± 1.4 mPa.s. to 30.0 ± 0.1 ºC. Three batches of the medicine were elaborated and the physical-chemistry stability was studied, packaged in 120 ml amber glass bottles, stored to room temperature, and the organoleptic characteristics, pH, identification and quantification of the active principle, as well as the presence of degradation products were evaluated. All the results obtained complied with the limits of quality established in the official literature for this type of pharmaceutical form, so we arrive to the conclusion that the medicine developed was correctly formulated from a galenic point of view with a useful life time of 24 months stored under the conditions studied. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7724 Articulo Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 28, no. 1 El desarrollo y estandarización de biomodelos de isquemia cerebral para evaluar compuestos neuroprotectores es una necesidad imperante en numerosos grupos de investigación. La oclusión de la arteria cerebral media en ratas ha sido uno de los más empleados, sin embargo, este biomodelo es fuente de gran variabilidad ocasionada por diferentes factores. El presente trabajo establece las condiciones experimentales óptimas para lograr respuestas confiables y repetibles en nuestro laboratorio, y pueden facilitar a otros grupos la estandarización de este valioso modelo. Las mejores condiciones establecidas fueron 2 h de oclusión de la arteria cerebral media y 48 h de reperfusión, obteniendo una lesión isquémica caracterizada por evaluaciones conductuales, macroscópicas e histopatológicas.; The development of animal models in stroke to evaluate neuroprotective agents is a serious need for many research groups. The middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats has been one of the most employed, although this model is associated with a great variability in the results. The present research establishes the optimum experimental conditions to obtain good experimental results in our model, and it can facilitate to other groups the standardization of this valuable model. The better conditions established were 2 h of the middle cerebral artery occlusion and 48 h of reperfusion, obtaining an ischemic injury characterized by behaviour test, macroscopic and histopathological evaluations. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7724 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z El desarrollo y estandarización de biomodelos de isquemia cerebral para evaluar compuestos neuroprotectores es una necesidad imperante en numerosos grupos de investigación. La oclusión de la arteria cerebral media en ratas ha sido uno de los más empleados, sin embargo, este biomodelo es fuente de gran variabilidad ocasionada por diferentes factores. El presente trabajo establece las condiciones experimentales óptimas para lograr respuestas confiables y repetibles en nuestro laboratorio, y pueden facilitar a otros grupos la estandarización de este valioso modelo. Las mejores condiciones establecidas fueron 2 h de oclusión de la arteria cerebral media y 48 h de reperfusión, obteniendo una lesión isquémica caracterizada por evaluaciones conductuales, macroscópicas e histopatológicas. The development of animal models in stroke to evaluate neuroprotective agents is a serious need for many research groups. The middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats has been one of the most employed, although this model is associated with a great variability in the results. The present research establishes the optimum experimental conditions to obtain good experimental results in our model, and it can facilitate to other groups the standardization of this valuable model. The better conditions established were 2 h of the middle cerebral artery occlusion and 48 h of reperfusion, obtaining an ischemic injury characterized by behaviour test, macroscopic and histopathological evaluations. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7723 Articulo Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 28, no. 1 A reproducible and selective method for the simultaneous determination of cyclophosphamide (CP) and ifosfamide (IF) in plasma has been developed and validated using isocratic elution. The assay is performed by HPLC-UV, with a C18 column (5μm, 150 x 4 mm) and detection in 195 nm. The mobile phase was constituted by phosphate buffer 10 mM pH 6.0: acetonitrile (77.25:22.75), with a flow of 1 mL/min. SPE was used for sample clean-up in a range from 3 (LOQ) to 540 μM. The repeatability coefficients of variation (CV) ranged from 0.5 to 7.8% and the intermediate precision CVs varied from 0.9 to 5.7%. Extraction efficacy and accuracy varied from 94 to 115%. The simple method may permit the determination of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide in plasma, simultaneously, to pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence studies. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7723 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z A reproducible and selective method for the simultaneous determination of cyclophosphamide (CP) and ifosfamide (IF) in plasma has been developed and validated using isocratic elution. The assay is performed by HPLC-UV, with a C18 column (5μm, 150 x 4 mm) and detection in 195 nm. The mobile phase was constituted by phosphate buffer 10 mM pH 6.0: acetonitrile (77.25:22.75), with a flow of 1 mL/min. SPE was used for sample clean-up in a range from 3 (LOQ) to 540 μM. The repeatability coefficients of variation (CV) ranged from 0.5 to 7.8% and the intermediate precision CVs varied from 0.9 to 5.7%. Extraction efficacy and accuracy varied from 94 to 115%. The simple method may permit the determination of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide in plasma, simultaneously, to pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence studies. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7722 Articulo Latin American Journal of Pharmacy; vol. 28, no. 1 The aim this work was develop gastro-resistant pellets of didanosine as well as study the impact on the pellets properties, regarding the way as the binder was added and drying process used. The pellets formation was accompanied by analysis of morphological parameters and didanosine dissolution. In the most cases, pellets showed diameter around 1.0 mm and shape parameters acceptable. The variations of the process did not interfere significantly in pellets size. In turn, drying in fluid bed favored the dissolution of didanosine, in contrast to binder addition on powder form that impaired. In another hand, this last resulted in the best aspect factor (about 1.1). Gastro-resistant pellets showed adequate dissolution, compatible with this type of dosage form. The variables of process studied enabled obtain pellets with characteristics of shape and dissolution just slightly different, indicating flexibility of the formulation for production of gastro-resistant pellets of didanosine. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/7722 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z The aim this work was develop gastro-resistant pellets of didanosine as well as study the impact on the pellets properties, regarding the way as the binder was added and drying process used. The pellets formation was accompanied by analysis of morphological parameters and didanosine dissolution. In the most cases, pellets showed diameter around 1.0 mm and shape parameters acceptable. The variations of the process did not interfere significantly in pellets size. In turn, drying in fluid bed favored the dissolution of didanosine, in contrast to binder addition on powder form that impaired. In another hand, this last resulted in the best aspect factor (about 1.1). Gastro-resistant pellets showed adequate dissolution, compatible with this type of dosage form. The variables of process studied enabled obtain pellets with characteristics of shape and dissolution just slightly different, indicating flexibility of the formulation for production of gastro-resistant pellets of didanosine.