http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/289 Wed, 21 Oct 2026 01:33:45 GMT 2026-10-21T01:33:45Z http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/8878 Articulo Económica; vol. 2. no. 7-8 Following the path opened by PIATIER (France), LANGELÜTRE (Germany) and TAGLIACARNE (Italy), the author reviews the various methods of business cycle forecasting: barometers, abstract models, economic accountancy, test, etc. and tries to classify then systematically. He arrives at the conclusion that none of them could be considered as exclusive, which does not mean though that they have to be discarded either, each one of them having at least a relative value and a limited field of application, these being determined by circumstances and the aims followed, limits which the author tries to outline, using the tests as the central axis do investigation and considering all the other methods as being merely complementary. Fri, 01 Jun 1956 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/8878 1956-06-01T00:00:00Z Following the path opened by PIATIER (France), LANGELÜTRE (Germany) and TAGLIACARNE (Italy), the author reviews the various methods of business cycle forecasting: barometers, abstract models, economic accountancy, test, etc. and tries to classify then systematically. He arrives at the conclusion that none of them could be considered as exclusive, which does not mean though that they have to be discarded either, each one of them having at least a relative value and a limited field of application, these being determined by circumstances and the aims followed, limits which the author tries to outline, using the tests as the central axis do investigation and considering all the other methods as being merely complementary. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/8877 Articulo Económica; vol. 2, no. 7-8 Our intellectual process derives from that which is directly and individually concrete, by successive stages of increasing abstraction, which are always vindicate as legitimate by their ultimate derivation from that which is concrete and individual, to which reference may always be made as a means of control. The properties of each thing in itself or its relations to others, or the group of which it forms a part, or the order in which it presents itself as regards others, give rise to the essences or "eidos" of property, relation, group, order in general, which form a concatenation of essences subordinated to some category regarded as supreme. If we apply this to the process followed by EUCKEN we see how we gradually separate, from a whole formed by an apparently inextricable heterogeneity of elements, by means of successive interrelated and intersubordinated intuitions and abstractions, the concrete historical individual reality. Following on with more general concepts, by successive abstractions we build up different economic systems. Fri, 01 Jun 1956 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/8877 1956-06-01T00:00:00Z Our intellectual process derives from that which is directly and individually concrete, by successive stages of increasing abstraction, which are always vindicate as legitimate by their ultimate derivation from that which is concrete and individual, to which reference may always be made as a means of control. The properties of each thing in itself or its relations to others, or the group of which it forms a part, or the order in which it presents itself as regards others, give rise to the essences or "eidos" of property, relation, group, order in general, which form a concatenation of essences subordinated to some category regarded as supreme. If we apply this to the process followed by EUCKEN we see how we gradually separate, from a whole formed by an apparently inextricable heterogeneity of elements, by means of successive interrelated and intersubordinated intuitions and abstractions, the concrete historical individual reality. Following on with more general concepts, by successive abstractions we build up different economic systems. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/8876 Articulo Económica; vol. 2, no. 7-8 The key to the understanding of Money movements is given by the difference existing between settlement spaces and transportation spaces. The former is a contiguously settled space within which money movements are of an osmotic nature, viz, money flows as liquid does in compensating differences of pressure within a cellular tissue. Settlement spaces only exist on land and their extension depends on the earth`s surface configuration. A transportation space, on the contrary, can over land and sea and its extension, being chiefly determined by technical progress, has grown considerably in the course of history. Part of the transportation spaces coincide with the settlement spaces, the other part bridging the gaps between them. Inside a transportation space money moves by leaps and bounds and there is no guarantee that natural compensatory flows, crossing the gaps between the different settlements spaces, will be instigated. Only in case of an incidental perfect harmony between their respective economic structures could such an automatic adjustment be relied upon. However, their economic structures depend primarily on internal conditions, so that disharmonies are the rule and drains in one direction to another must ensue. If a settlement space is completely covered by transportation spaces we say that an economic space has developed. Like the settlement space it is therefore separated by gaps from other economic spaces, thus forming a natural interior market. Inside an economic space transportation movements of money may also occasion drains, but their volume is limited by the harmony imposed by spatial interdependence and is moreover mitigated by compensatory osmotic flows. Whilst political boundaries, at least in Europe, have changed little in the last century, the economic and transportation spaces have grown considerably. This explains why efforts are being made to reach an "integration". Aiming at unifying the artificially segregated "home" markets in order to create an unfettered economic space, which is the natural interior market. However, we find many inconsistencies and lack of clarity in the discussion on this topic, as politicians are guided rather by political than by economic considerations. Ignoring spatial relationships these are often incompatible with true integration, going so far as to try to achieve the membership of unwilling nations which are located in other spaces. Fri, 01 Jun 1956 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/8876 1956-06-01T00:00:00Z The key to the understanding of Money movements is given by the difference existing between settlement spaces and transportation spaces. The former is a contiguously settled space within which money movements are of an osmotic nature, viz, money flows as liquid does in compensating differences of pressure within a cellular tissue. Settlement spaces only exist on land and their extension depends on the earth`s surface configuration. A transportation space, on the contrary, can over land and sea and its extension, being chiefly determined by technical progress, has grown considerably in the course of history. Part of the transportation spaces coincide with the settlement spaces, the other part bridging the gaps between them. Inside a transportation space money moves by leaps and bounds and there is no guarantee that natural compensatory flows, crossing the gaps between the different settlements spaces, will be instigated. Only in case of an incidental perfect harmony between their respective economic structures could such an automatic adjustment be relied upon. However, their economic structures depend primarily on internal conditions, so that disharmonies are the rule and drains in one direction to another must ensue. If a settlement space is completely covered by transportation spaces we say that an economic space has developed. Like the settlement space it is therefore separated by gaps from other economic spaces, thus forming a natural interior market. Inside an economic space transportation movements of money may also occasion drains, but their volume is limited by the harmony imposed by spatial interdependence and is moreover mitigated by compensatory osmotic flows. Whilst political boundaries, at least in Europe, have changed little in the last century, the economic and transportation spaces have grown considerably. This explains why efforts are being made to reach an "integration". Aiming at unifying the artificially segregated "home" markets in order to create an unfettered economic space, which is the natural interior market. However, we find many inconsistencies and lack of clarity in the discussion on this topic, as politicians are guided rather by political than by economic considerations. Ignoring spatial relationships these are often incompatible with true integration, going so far as to try to achieve the membership of unwilling nations which are located in other spaces. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/8875 Articulo Económica; vol. 2, no. 7-8 Iaricci, Giovanninicola (traducción) The author analyses the concept and the aim of models and drags the attention upon those which have no correlative in the reality, as they are only approximate and are representative of a scheme only in a normative and not in a descriptive sense. He then makes a distinction between causal and functional models and makes clear how some of them can mutually exclude one another, whilst others can integrate themselves either alternatively or reciprocally. He shows how those that are mutually exclusive, can be used in the problems of "hypothesis election" and deals with those which, though apparently exclusive, can not only be conciliate but even applied simultaneously or sometimes alternatively. After mentioning the inconvenience of using static models with a view to explain dynamic phenomena, the author recalls how the organistic conception could arrive to an ample vision of this problem. At the end he gives some examples of integrative models pointing out their applicability to the economic phenomena. El artículo reproduce el texto de la conferencia brindada por el autor el 15 de julio de 1955 en la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas (UNLP). Fri, 01 Jun 1956 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/8875 1956-06-01T00:00:00Z The author analyses the concept and the aim of models and drags the attention upon those which have no correlative in the reality, as they are only approximate and are representative of a scheme only in a normative and not in a descriptive sense. He then makes a distinction between causal and functional models and makes clear how some of them can mutually exclude one another, whilst others can integrate themselves either alternatively or reciprocally. He shows how those that are mutually exclusive, can be used in the problems of "hypothesis election" and deals with those which, though apparently exclusive, can not only be conciliate but even applied simultaneously or sometimes alternatively. After mentioning the inconvenience of using static models with a view to explain dynamic phenomena, the author recalls how the organistic conception could arrive to an ample vision of this problem. At the end he gives some examples of integrative models pointing out their applicability to the economic phenomena.