http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/290 Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:38:04 GMT 2026-10-18T12:38:04Z http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/8887 Articulo Económica; vol. 3, no. 9-12 We are facing the difficult task of the political and juridical reorganization in order to adjust it to the new economic criteria, the most important changes being connected with the competition. We are endeavouring to adjust it, soften it or eliminate it. To this effect two ways are open: planning or control with their different varieties in accordance with the causing impulses: social, political or essentially economic, with their various shades in the different countries, but all of them having the same general characteristics, but of rectifying or over throwing the liberal principles. The author refers particularly to the "agricultural readjustment Act" in the United States and the French law project of 1936 and emphasizes the advantages of the "concerted economy" (neocorporativism). For Argentina the most suitable way would be to create an organization which would authorize the functioning of voluntary agreements, establish the limits of their application and create control institutions in order to prevent abuses admitting at the same time the possibility of transforming the voluntary agreements in obligatory ones, if the State considers that its action should be amplified. Tue, 01 Jan 1957 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/8887 1957-01-01T00:00:00Z We are facing the difficult task of the political and juridical reorganization in order to adjust it to the new economic criteria, the most important changes being connected with the competition. We are endeavouring to adjust it, soften it or eliminate it. To this effect two ways are open: planning or control with their different varieties in accordance with the causing impulses: social, political or essentially economic, with their various shades in the different countries, but all of them having the same general characteristics, but of rectifying or over throwing the liberal principles. The author refers particularly to the "agricultural readjustment Act" in the United States and the French law project of 1936 and emphasizes the advantages of the "concerted economy" (neocorporativism). For Argentina the most suitable way would be to create an organization which would authorize the functioning of voluntary agreements, establish the limits of their application and create control institutions in order to prevent abuses admitting at the same time the possibility of transforming the voluntary agreements in obligatory ones, if the State considers that its action should be amplified. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/8886 Articulo Económica; vol. 3, no. 9-12 Each great economic transformation produces in the national economic equally great changes in its juridical and political elements. The evolution of the economic transformation can be influenced by means to intervention systems. The direction and extent of the intervention should not be determined by foreign models but must be consistent with the national reality. As for he eventual international effects of interventions, it should be remembered that both the theory and practice of free trade were the product of given historical circumstances. The international desequilibrium of 1929-32 has caused a break in the free trade mechanism and makes its re introduction extremely difficult. The interventionism which is being described seeks to free mankind from oppression. There are theoretical and practical contributions to this effect, as well as a reconsideration of the economic assumptions which justify its introduction. The faculties to guide the economy should reach the soul of capitalism, i.e. the technology. The public authorities will have to direct the selection of technical innovations and dictate the corresponding regulations, placing thus the machine at the service of man. Artículo póstumo publicado en la revista <i>Universidad de San Carlos</i>, Guatemala, 1956, t. XXXVII, p. 75-106. Tue, 01 Jan 1957 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/8886 1957-01-01T00:00:00Z Each great economic transformation produces in the national economic equally great changes in its juridical and political elements. The evolution of the economic transformation can be influenced by means to intervention systems. The direction and extent of the intervention should not be determined by foreign models but must be consistent with the national reality. As for he eventual international effects of interventions, it should be remembered that both the theory and practice of free trade were the product of given historical circumstances. The international desequilibrium of 1929-32 has caused a break in the free trade mechanism and makes its re introduction extremely difficult. The interventionism which is being described seeks to free mankind from oppression. There are theoretical and practical contributions to this effect, as well as a reconsideration of the economic assumptions which justify its introduction. The faculties to guide the economy should reach the soul of capitalism, i.e. the technology. The public authorities will have to direct the selection of technical innovations and dictate the corresponding regulations, placing thus the machine at the service of man. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/8885 Articulo Económica; vol. 3, no. 9-12 Economic policy as a systematization of economic activity creates an antinomy if confronted with economic theory whose object is scarcity. An historical study of the evolution of economic theory reveals that cultural sciences, among which also economics, were first included in the methodology of natural sciences during the culmination of rational positivism, which created a mecanistic and organistic conception both of society and its institutions. Thus, as natural sciences are evolving, the particular and most improved methodology is applied to economics. Its classical position always was causal and not teleologic. Any other fundamentation is considered heterodox. Pareto, Cassel and Robbins developed science in accordance with these rules. However, the sciences modify and deepen their postulates, as is the case of epistemologic formulations of cultural sciences, whose laws were formerly those of natural science and are now those of human sciences. In physics, assumptions which are not consistent with reality are discarded but in economics they are still maintained. We operate with facts and postulates belonging to the reality of the capitalistic system. Although this system is already outdated to a great extent. Therefore it is difficult to accept a nonteleologic position without normative and valuative implications. Tue, 01 Jan 1957 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/8885 1957-01-01T00:00:00Z Economic policy as a systematization of economic activity creates an antinomy if confronted with economic theory whose object is scarcity. An historical study of the evolution of economic theory reveals that cultural sciences, among which also economics, were first included in the methodology of natural sciences during the culmination of rational positivism, which created a mecanistic and organistic conception both of society and its institutions. Thus, as natural sciences are evolving, the particular and most improved methodology is applied to economics. Its classical position always was causal and not teleologic. Any other fundamentation is considered heterodox. Pareto, Cassel and Robbins developed science in accordance with these rules. However, the sciences modify and deepen their postulates, as is the case of epistemologic formulations of cultural sciences, whose laws were formerly those of natural science and are now those of human sciences. In physics, assumptions which are not consistent with reality are discarded but in economics they are still maintained. We operate with facts and postulates belonging to the reality of the capitalistic system. Although this system is already outdated to a great extent. Therefore it is difficult to accept a nonteleologic position without normative and valuative implications. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/8884 Articulo Económica; vol. 3, no. 9-12 To assure its stability the western World requires a doctrinarian and historical reconsideration of its socio-economic institutions. A possibility would be to amplify the power of administration to direct economic life within a democratic institutional framework. The realization of this possibility is hindered by the class struggles and the capitalistic forces. The first obstacle could be neutralized by means of doctrinarian and constitutional State interventions. As for the second, a transformation can be observed both in its ideological aspects and its material structure, caused by internal and external impulses. The profit principle is being replaced by the security idea and the impersonalization of enterprise converts management in wage earners which, fearing competition sign interenterpreneurial agreements. In order to overcome these obstacles and facing the danger of possible accumulation, stagnation and destruction of economic activity, the State intervention is fully justified. Although the classical economics keeps itself aloof from any ethical value judgment the mere fact that it is based on a free profit economy makes that its alleged neutrality must be taken with serious reservations. The theory must not only interpret reality but must also create the necessary tools for directing economic life, as its aims are evidently social. Tue, 01 Jan 1957 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/8884 1957-01-01T00:00:00Z To assure its stability the western World requires a doctrinarian and historical reconsideration of its socio-economic institutions. A possibility would be to amplify the power of administration to direct economic life within a democratic institutional framework. The realization of this possibility is hindered by the class struggles and the capitalistic forces. The first obstacle could be neutralized by means of doctrinarian and constitutional State interventions. As for the second, a transformation can be observed both in its ideological aspects and its material structure, caused by internal and external impulses. The profit principle is being replaced by the security idea and the impersonalization of enterprise converts management in wage earners which, fearing competition sign interenterpreneurial agreements. In order to overcome these obstacles and facing the danger of possible accumulation, stagnation and destruction of economic activity, the State intervention is fully justified. Although the classical economics keeps itself aloof from any ethical value judgment the mere fact that it is based on a free profit economy makes that its alleged neutrality must be taken with serious reservations. The theory must not only interpret reality but must also create the necessary tools for directing economic life, as its aims are evidently social. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/8883 Articulo Económica; vol. 3, no. 9-12 The author analyses the situation created by the law for the Organization of the Department of Labour for the control and settlement of accidents which, instead of creating new institutions to deal with labour matters, increases the authority of already existing bodies, augments their influence and gives them more guarantees. In the views of the author this was the only possible solution, as the laws referring to labour have their own requirements. The body which has to apply its dispositions cannot be other than the public administration with, naturally, the right to appeal to Courts, which can revise the decision of the administration. Analysing various juridical decisions and the opinion of some authors, he shows that in this field the ideas have evolved in the sense of this law. Tue, 01 Jan 1957 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/8883 1957-01-01T00:00:00Z The author analyses the situation created by the law for the Organization of the Department of Labour for the control and settlement of accidents which, instead of creating new institutions to deal with labour matters, increases the authority of already existing bodies, augments their influence and gives them more guarantees. In the views of the author this was the only possible solution, as the laws referring to labour have their own requirements. The body which has to apply its dispositions cannot be other than the public administration with, naturally, the right to appeal to Courts, which can revise the decision of the administration. Analysing various juridical decisions and the opinion of some authors, he shows that in this field the ideas have evolved in the sense of this law. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/8882 Articulo Económica; vol. 3, no. 9-12 The economic policy of the country lacks the necessary norms to protect the local consumption. While it is true that the government has to continue its efforts to sell the country's products on the international market at the highest possible prices, it is not less true that it has the duty to create a mechanism able to intervene and neutralize the pernicious effects which its economic policy could have on the internal prices, as the local consumer has to pay the same high prices our crops and meat could obtain on the international market. Analysing the special case of the meat, the author expresses his thoughts in sketching the outlines of a bill which should lead to this effect. Tue, 01 Jan 1957 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/8882 1957-01-01T00:00:00Z The economic policy of the country lacks the necessary norms to protect the local consumption. While it is true that the government has to continue its efforts to sell the country's products on the international market at the highest possible prices, it is not less true that it has the duty to create a mechanism able to intervene and neutralize the pernicious effects which its economic policy could have on the internal prices, as the local consumer has to pay the same high prices our crops and meat could obtain on the international market. Analysing the special case of the meat, the author expresses his thoughts in sketching the outlines of a bill which should lead to this effect. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/8881 Articulo Económica; vol. 3, no. 9-12 There is a tendency to consider more and more the private economic situation as a public problem and of public concern, which results in the necessity for the State to change substantially its aims and concerns. This movement, called economic rationalization, concertation or concentration, by which the State, surpassing the classical limits of intervention, directs the private activities in accordance with a conscient plan, presents itself in two typical forms: that of a country which, for economic or political reasons has already an ample and total organization, and that of others which have to create firstly the conditions which make this impulse to be felt. The author analyses the situation of several countries belonging either to the first or to the second group. In Argentina, this has been discussed from the judicial point of view, by the Fourth National Congress of Lawyers which included as point 7º of their deliberations the "Judicial regulation of industrial activities". Tue, 01 Jan 1957 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/8881 1957-01-01T00:00:00Z There is a tendency to consider more and more the private economic situation as a public problem and of public concern, which results in the necessity for the State to change substantially its aims and concerns. This movement, called economic rationalization, concertation or concentration, by which the State, surpassing the classical limits of intervention, directs the private activities in accordance with a conscient plan, presents itself in two typical forms: that of a country which, for economic or political reasons has already an ample and total organization, and that of others which have to create firstly the conditions which make this impulse to be felt. The author analyses the situation of several countries belonging either to the first or to the second group. In Argentina, this has been discussed from the judicial point of view, by the Fourth National Congress of Lawyers which included as point 7º of their deliberations the "Judicial regulation of industrial activities". http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/8880 Articulo Económica; vol. 3, no. 9-12 Analysing thoroughly the economic and juridical situation both in Argentina and abroad, as well as the ideas which suggested the necessity of establishing rules for the agreements in order to soften the competition, the author considers that Argentine must adjust itself to the new forms of production organization. For an industry which is no longer in its initial phases and will continue to grow, our laws are no suitable instruments and a legislation should be created which not only allows the industrial organization but also furthers it, giving the State the necessary power the repress any excess which could be perjudicial to public welfare. This could be achieved without sacrificing the democratic principles which are so dear to our heart and from which mankind can expect many an advantage. The author thinks that in Argentina, as in France, the corresponding dispositions of the criminal code should be substituted by other economic legal tools. Tue, 01 Jan 1957 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/8880 1957-01-01T00:00:00Z Analysing thoroughly the economic and juridical situation both in Argentina and abroad, as well as the ideas which suggested the necessity of establishing rules for the agreements in order to soften the competition, the author considers that Argentine must adjust itself to the new forms of production organization. For an industry which is no longer in its initial phases and will continue to grow, our laws are no suitable instruments and a legislation should be created which not only allows the industrial organization but also furthers it, giving the State the necessary power the repress any excess which could be perjudicial to public welfare. This could be achieved without sacrificing the democratic principles which are so dear to our heart and from which mankind can expect many an advantage. The author thinks that in Argentina, as in France, the corresponding dispositions of the criminal code should be substituted by other economic legal tools. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/8879 Articulo Económica; vol. 3, no. 9-12 The aim of man to lengthen the duration of life is about to be achieved although not directly by increasing the number of years, but indirectly by intensifying the annual rhythm of life. Although it is true that such an increase in the volume of life shortens its length, it must be taken into consideration that whilst the shortening takes phase in an arithmetic progression, the rhythm of life increases in geometric progression. Consequently the final result is positive: life today is longer than before. This consideration leads to the obvious conclusion that our calendar units, day and year, are unsuitable measures for the volume of life and we have to find some other kind of scales. The system of measuring the social phenomena by dividing the time in periods is an optical error. It is not possible to judge chronologically different phenomena by the same standard, once the changes in the rhythm are considered. In the historical vision which the new temporal optics suggests, a calendar period appears as very long in the past, whereas in the future it is short and full of life. Would these conclusions be taken into consideration, many anomalies of our social system would be avoided. A proof of its discordant with these dynamic ideas, is the social incomprehension of the increasing claims of labour for less working hours and higher wages. Tue, 01 Jan 1957 00:00:00 GMT http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar:80/handle/10915/8879 1957-01-01T00:00:00Z The aim of man to lengthen the duration of life is about to be achieved although not directly by increasing the number of years, but indirectly by intensifying the annual rhythm of life. Although it is true that such an increase in the volume of life shortens its length, it must be taken into consideration that whilst the shortening takes phase in an arithmetic progression, the rhythm of life increases in geometric progression. Consequently the final result is positive: life today is longer than before. This consideration leads to the obvious conclusion that our calendar units, day and year, are unsuitable measures for the volume of life and we have to find some other kind of scales. The system of measuring the social phenomena by dividing the time in periods is an optical error. It is not possible to judge chronologically different phenomena by the same standard, once the changes in the rhythm are considered. In the historical vision which the new temporal optics suggests, a calendar period appears as very long in the past, whereas in the future it is short and full of life. Would these conclusions be taken into consideration, many anomalies of our social system would be avoided. A proof of its discordant with these dynamic ideas, is the social incomprehension of the increasing claims of labour for less working hours and higher wages.