Natural history notes and micro-habitat use by Bokermannohyla luctuosa (Pombal & Haddad, 1993) (Anura: Hylidae)

Abstract

This study investigates the activity, habitat use, and ecological patterns of the arboreal treefrog Bokermannohyla luctuosa, based on long-term monitoring from April 2020 to August 2022 in São Francisco Xavier, São Paulo state, Brazil. Over 126 field trips, we recorded this frog 203 times across 17 sites, with significant seasonal variation in activity and habitat use. During the dry season (April to September), the animals frequently occupied waterfall spray zones, while wetter months saw decreased reliance on these habitats. Reproductive activity, including vocalizing males, gravid females, and tadpoles, was observed across multiple months, which indicates an extended reproductive period. Notable trophic interactions included predation by the larger treefrog Boana faber and the consumption of a harvestman by B. luctuosa. These findings highlight the importance of long-term monitoring to address knowledge gaps, particularly as climate change threatens amphibian habitats. Understanding seasonal microhabitat preferences can guide conservation strategies and improve fieldwork outcomes.