Microstructural interaction of universal adhesives without acid etching on dental enamel observed by scanning electron microscopy

Abstract

The behaviour of universal adhesives on the enamel of extracted human premolars was evaluated without acid etching, using controlled fracture and progressive wear techniques. The samples were embedded in epoxy resin, sectioned using a diamond disc, polished and examined using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Two adhesives were analyzed: Zipbond (SDI), which contains MDP but not HEMA or BPA, and Ambar Universal APS (FGM), which uses APS technology.