Comparative analysis of fractures in the articular cavity of the human cranial base related to the temporomandibular joint

Abstract

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) represents a complex functional unit that links osseous, muscular, ligamentous, and neurovascular structures. Its location at the base of the skull and its proximity to otological regions make it a highly clinically sensitive area. In particular, the articular cavity of the temporal bone presents relevant anatomical fissures: tympanosquamous, petrotympanic, and petro-occipital. These fissures allow the passage of structures such as the chorda tympani nerve, the anterior tympanic artery, and ligaments that connect the articular disc with the middle ear.