Star formation proceeds in a hierarchical way as is revealed by the presence of several length scales of the young stellar structures. They range from large stellar complexes and aggregates to small associations and clusters. The analysis of these structures shows that they exhibit self similar and fractal properties. These fractal features are also found in the structures formed by the interstellar medium (ISM), which are in turn associated with turbulence and self gravity. The study and parametrization of these properties could clarify the link between the young stellar populations and the molecular clouds in the ISM.