A new zwitterionic, water soluble, Re(I) complex: Synthesis, spectroscopic and computational characterization

Abstract

A new water soluble Re(I) complex with a zwitterionic structure, Bu₄N[(bpy)Re(CO)₃(dcbpy)] (where Bu = butyl; bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine; dcbpy = 2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-dicarboxylate), was successfully synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, ¹H NMR, FTIR and ESI. Protonation studies in aqueous solutions of the Re(I) complex showed three acid–base equilibriums with pKₐ₁ = 5.0, pKₐ₂ = 3.0 and pKₐ₃ = 2.0. pKₐ₁ was assigned to the protonation equilibrium at bpy while pKₐ₂ and pKₐ₃ could be ascribed to protonation/deprotonation of the two carboxylates groups in the dcbpy ligand. With the aid of TD-DFT calculations the nature of the electronic transitions responsible for the pH-dependent UV–vis spectroscopy of the Re(I) complex was identified. At pH = 7 the lower energy band of the complex has MLLCTRe(CO)3→dcbpy character while at pH < 2 it switches to MLLCTRe(CO)3→bpy. This change in the nature of the lower energy band is responsible for the overall spectral changes in the 350–500 nm range after protonation of the Re(I) complex.