Dynamics and morphology characteristics of cell colonies with radially spreading growth fronts

Abstract

The dynamics of two-dimensional (2D) radially spreading growth fronts of Vero cell colonies was investigated utilizing two types of colonies, namely type I starting from clusters with a small number of cells, which initially exhibited arbitrary-shaped rough growth fronts and progressively approached quasicircular ones as the cell population increased; and type II colonies, starting from a relatively large circular three-dimensional (3D) cell cluster. For large cell population colonies, the fractal dimension of the fronts was DF = 1.20 ± 0.05. For low cell populations, the mean colony radius increased exponentially with time, but for large ones the constant radial front velocity 0.20 ± 0.02 μm min−1 was reached. Colony spreading was accompanied by changes in both cell morphology and average size, and by the formation of very large cells, some of them multinuclear. Therefore the heterogeneity of colonies increased and local driving forces that set in began to influence the 2D growth front kinetics. The retardation effect related to the exponential to constant radial front velocity transition was assigned to a number of possible interferences including the cell duplication and 3D growth in the bulk of the colony. The dynamic scaling analysis of overhang-corrected rough colony fronts, after arc-radius coordinate system transformation, resulted in roughness exponent α = 0.50 ± 0.05 and growth exponent β = 0.32 ± 0.04, for arc lengths greater than 100 μm. This set of scaling exponents agreed with that predicted by the Kardar, Parisi, and Zhang continuous equation. For arc lengths shorter than 2–3 cell diameters, the value α = 0.85 ± 0.05 would be related to a cell front roughening caused by temporarily membrane deformations occasionally interfered by cell proliferation.