Cigarette smoking, dietary habits and genetic polymorphisms in <i>GSTT1</i>, <i>GSTM1</i> and <i>CYP1A1</i> metabolic genes: A case-control study in oncohematological diseases

Abstract

Aim: To analyze the association between oncohematological diseases and <i>GSTT1 /GSTM1 /CYP1A1</i> polymorphisms, dietary habits and smoking, in an argentine hospitalbased case-control study. Methods: This hospital-based case-control study involved 125 patients with oncohematological diseases and 310 control subjects. A questionnaire was used to obtain sociodemographic data and information about habits. Blood samples were collected, and DNA was extracted using salting out methods. Deletions in <i>GSTT1</i> and <i>GSTM1</i> (null genotypes) were addressed by PCR. <i>CYP1A1 MspI</i> polymorphism was detected by PCR-RFLP. Odds ratio (OR) and 95%CI were calculated to estimate the association between each variable studied and oncohematological disease. Results: Women showed lower risk of disease compared to men (OR 0.52, 95%CI: 0.34-0.82, P = 0.003). Higher levels of education (> 12 years) were significantly associated with an increased risk, compared to complete primary school or less (OR 3.68, 95%CI: 1.82-7.40, P < 0.001 adjusted for age and sex). With respect to tobacco, none of the smoking categories showed association with oncohematological diseases. Regarding dietary habits, consumption of grilled/barbecued meat 3 or more times per month showed significant association with an increased risk of disease (OR 1.72, 95%CI: 1.08-2.75, P = 0.02). Daily consumption of coffee also was associated with an increased risk (OR 1.77, 95%CI: 1.03-3.03, P = 0.03). Results for <i>GSTT1</i>, <i>GSTM1</i> and <i>CYP1A1</i> polymorphisms showed no significant association with oncohematological diseases. When analyzing the interaction between polymorphisms and tobacco smoking or dietary habits, no statistically significant associations that modify disease risk were found. Conclusion: We reported an increased risk of oncohematological diseases associated with meat and coffee intake. We did not find significant associations between genetic polymorphisms and blood cancer.