Acid tolerance response of <i>Bordetella bronchiseptica</i> in avirulent phase

Abstract

<i>Bordetella bronchiseptica</i> is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for respiratory diseases in many mammalian hosts, including humans. This pathogen has been shown as able to persist inside the host cells, even in the phagosomes that are acidified to pH 4.5-5.0 after bacterial infection. Here we evaluated the resistance of <i>B. bronchiseptica</i> to survive under acidic conditions. In particular we analyzed the bacterial capacity to develop the mechanism known as acid tolerance response (ATR). Our studies were mainly focused on the avirulent phase of the bacteria since this phenotypic phase was reported to be more resistant to environmental stress conditions than the virulent phase. Results from <i>B. bronchiseptica</i> in virulent phase were also included for comparison purposes. In fact, for <i>B. bronchiseptica</i> 9.73 bacteria in virulent phase we observed that the viability of bacteria does not decrease significantly when grown at pH as low as 4.5, but it is affected when the pH of the medium was equal to or less than 4.0. After acid-adaptation at pH 5.5 for several hours, the survival rate of <i>B. bronchiseptica</i> 9.73 at lethal pH 4.0 for 6. h was increased. Interestingly, the avirulent phase mediated by the two-component BvgAS system conferred further resistance to lethal acid challenge and a marked increase in the magnitude of the expressed ATR. The ATR for this avirulent phase seems to be associated with changes in LPS and surface protein profiles. 2D-gel electrophoresis revealed at least 25 polypeptides differentially expressed, 17 of which were only expressed or over-expressed under acid conditions. Using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, 10 of these differentially expressed polypeptides were identified.