Prior to reflecting the state of eugenics today, it is necessary to examine the history of eugenics. A historical consideration makes it possible to notice a basic distinction running through the differing varieties of eugenics highlighted by Ruth Schwartz Cowan and Rosemarie Garland-Thomson. In effect, the categories of eugenics that they identify all involve direct interventions either on bodies (sterilization, euthanasia, genocide, etc.) or on the environment (education, health, etc.). This difference regarding the object of intervention is the criterion for distinguishing between “negative eugenics” (the first group) and “positive eugenics” (the second group).