The central objective of this paper is to study the links between changes in Argentina's integration to the world economy and the growth of income inequality and poverty. To that aim, both phenomena are described and the links relating them are analysed. The article does not deepen into the analysis of some particular cause, and it does not provide concluding evidence of alternative hypothesis. Its contribution consists in presenting in a systematic way different explanations of the development of inequality in Argentina and in evaluating their relative importance in the light of the economic theory and the available empirical evidence.