Reduction of chromium (VI) by the indirect action of Thiobacillus thioparus

Abstract

The microbial reduction of chromium(VI) to chromium(III) has been one of the most widely studied forms of metal bioremediation. Recently, we have found that Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans, growing on elemental sulphur, can indirectly promote chromium(VI) reduction by producing reducing agents such as sulphite and thiosulphate, which abiotically reduce chromium(VI). Those species of Thiobacillus are acidophilic bacteria which grow optimally at pH values lower than 4. However, most of those reducing agents are stabilised at higher pH values. Thus, the present paper reports on the ability to reduce chromium(VI) using another specie of Thiobacilli, Thiobacillus thioparus, which is able to grow at pH close to 7.0. T. thioparus cultures were carried out in a fermentation vessel containing medium and sulphur as the sole energy source and maintained at 30°C and 400 rpm. The pH was adjusted to 6.0, 7.0 or 8.0 and maintained with the automatic addition of KOH. Our results show high chromium (VI) reduction values (close to 100% at the end of bacterial growth) at the three pH values. The results of these experiments are very promising for development of a microbiological process to be used in the detoxification of chromium(VI)-polluted effluents.