Comprensión de narrativas históricas en la educación secundaria

Abstract

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar los desafíos de la lectura y comprensión de textos de historia nacional en la educación secundaria. Estos desafíos se analizan a la luz de dos campos de investigación, cuya articulación se considera promisoria: a) el estudio de las narrativas maestras como herramientas culturales que mediatizan la comprensión de eventos históricos nacionales; b) el estudio de las demandas cognitivas y lingüísticas que conlleva la lectura de textos disciplinares. Se ejemplifican las categorías teóricas seleccionadas de los mencionados marcos teóricos, a partir de la consideración de textos de publicación reciente en manuales de historia argentina de nivel secundario.

The main of the present work is to analyze the challenges of reading comprehension in national history textbook in the secondary education. These challenges are analyzed in the light of two fields of research, and its articulation is considered promising: a) the study of master narratives as cultural tools that mediate the understanding of national historical events; B) the study of the cognitive and linguistic that demands reading of academic texts. The selected theoretical categories are exemplified by the consideration of Argentine history textbooks for secondary level published recently. The texts present in that books constitute a privileged didactic resource to promote the development of cognitive abilities, it allows student to have a closer approach by a critical way to history. From the perspective of literacy work, it is recognized that different disciplines organize knowledge in different ways. Specifically, from this perspective the analysis of historical texts involves linguistic considerations that are used to construct abstract interpretations of the past. It can be mentioned that the critical reading of texts in the academic area requires understanding these resources that can be used by the author to construct his historical account.