The synthesis of La2(CO3)3.4H2O was carefully investigated, on the basis of the thermal behavior (TG and DTA measurements) of the corresponding octahydrate, used as the precursor. The analysis of the X-ray powder diagrams of La2(CO3)3.4H2O showed that this hydrate crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal system with Z = 8. The FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of La2(CO3)3.4H2O and of La2(CO3)3.4H2O were recorded and assigned. The usefulness of the tetrahydrate for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia is briefly discussed.