Comportamiento energético de edificios bioclimáticos de uso intermitente y de alta carga interna en La Pampa

Abstract

El trabajo muestra el diseño y los resultados del comportamiento energético de edificios bioclimáticos de uso no residencial e intermitente y de altas cargas internas: auditorio, sala de informática y sala de lectura, localizados en General Pico (La Pampa). La envolvente horizontal y vertical tiene un valor R = 2 y 2.13 m²ºC/W, respectivamente. Temperatura promedio del auditorio para invierno: 21.2ºC (temperatura promedio exterior = 10ºC) con un consumo de gas para calefacción durante 2005 de 1800 m³ (17.3m³ de gas natural por día, menor a los 26.4 m³ estimados durante el prediseño). Temperatura promedio interior de verano: 25.5ºC (0.5ºC por encima de la temperatura promedio exterior) sin acondicionamiento artificial. Hacia el final del verano 2006, y bajo condiciones reales de uso, la temperatura promedio de la sala de lectura y la sala de informática fue de 25.5 y 23.0ºC, respectivamente (temperatura promedio exterior = 20.6ºC). En el otoño y sin usuarios (temperatura promedio exterior = 13.0ºC) la sala de lectura e informática mostraron valores de 23.7 y 20.1ºC, respectivamente.

In this paper the thermal an energy results of high internal load bioclimatic buildings for intermittent use -auditorium, computer room and library-, located in General Pico, La Pampa (warm temperate climate; latitude: 35º62'; longitude: 63º45’) are presented. The environmental and architectural design guidelines were: low energy consumption and environmental comfort. The strategies were: passive solar heating, natural cooling and daylighting. The horizontal and vertical envelope thermal resistance is 2 and 2.13 m²ºC/W, respectively. The buildings have aluminium carpintry and hermetic double glazing. During winter 2005, the mean temperature in the auditorium was 21.2ºC (external mean temperature = 10ºC) and the heating energy consumption was 1800m³ (17.3m³/day , lower record than 26.4m³ estimated during the predesign stage). During summer the mean temperature was 25.5º (0.5ºC above the external mean temperature).The records showed that the 47.5% of daily temperature were higher than 28ºC. Under real conditions of use the mean temperature in the computer room and in the library were 23 and 25.5ºC, respectively (mean external temperature = 20.6ºC). During the autumn 2006 and without attendance those rooms show a mean temperature around 23.7 and 20.1ºC, respectively.