The present study proposes the design and application of a teaching-learning case-based strategy about myostatin for learning the concept of mutation, which can be transferred and used in the daily lives of students. Our strategy shows: 1) its impact on students with their reactions (such as interest, dilemmas, and controversies), favoring individual work; 2) genetic concept study improvement; 3) the promotion of high-level responses to complex issues by applying an open-ended questionnaire; 4) the explanation of molecular processes (DNA replication, transcription, and translation) by collaborative work; 5) the development of critical thinking and articulated thoughts by the analysis and discussion of a case. In summary, this strategy proved to be a viable didactic tool to encourage significant learning of concepts, procedures, and attitudes toward learning.