Evaluación preliminar de la influencia del biodiesel en el desgaste del sistema de alimentación de los motores de combustión interna

Abstract

En el presente trabajo se estudia de forma preliminar la influencia de un combustible renovable derivado de aceites vegetales denominado Biodiesel, sobre el sistema de alimentación del motor de combustión interna. Para el estudio se tomó como punto de partida los elementos que se encuentran en contacto directo con el combustible durante el funcionamiento del mismo. Para realizar los experimentos, se diseñó un banco de prueba, en el cual los elementos analizados fueron el par émbolo buzo-camisa y el par aguja-boquilla del inyector. Los experimentos de desgaste se realizaron empleando el método gravimétrico comparativo utilizando como combustible patrón el diesel tradicional Se muestran los resultados del desgaste durante 100 horas de trabajo de la instalación experimental. Se determinó que el uso de biodiesel a larga la vida útil de los motores, dado que su uso provoca una disminución de las emisiones de gases contaminantes y del desgaste de los elementos.

In this work the influence of a renewable fuel derived from vegetables oils namely biodiesel on the feeding system of internal combustion engine is preliminary studied. To make the study it was took as starting point the elements that are directly in contact with the fuel during the operation of the same one. To carry out the experiments, a test bank was designed, in which the analyzed elements were the pair piston plunger-shirt, that dosage he fuel, as well as the pair needle-mouthpiece of the injector, that pulverizes the fuel and introduce it inside the combustion camera. The wear experiments was carried out using the gravimetric comparative method like fuel traditional diesel as patron, maintaining the same operation conditions in both injection pumps installed for each one of the fuels analyzed. The results of the wear, during 100 working hours of the experimental installation for each one of the elements of the analyzed pairs independently and using both fuels are shown. It was determined that the biodiesel use lengthens the useful life of the engines, because its use causes a significant decrease of the polluting gases emissions and the analyzed elements wear of the injection system.